Pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia nyob qhov twg? Lub nroog

Cov txheej txheem:

Pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia nyob qhov twg? Lub nroog
Pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia nyob qhov twg? Lub nroog

Video: Pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia nyob qhov twg? Lub nroog

Video: Pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia nyob qhov twg? Lub nroog
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Pob zeb diamond tsuas yog suav nrog hauv pob zeb xws li graphite, serpentine thiab olivine. Qee zaum lub pov haum pom nyob rau hauv hiav txwv thiab dej pebble placers. Lawv nkag mus rau qhov ntawd yog vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob zeb volcanic.

Yuav kom tau tsawg kawg 1 gram ntawm pob zeb diamond, nws yuav tsum tau ua ntau tshaj 250 tons ntawm ore. Thiab yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub txheej txheem ntawm pob zeb, ces tus nqi ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom yuav xyuam xim muab faib los ntawm 2. Li no tus nqi siab ntawm lub pob zeb no.

pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia
pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia

Short description

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb diamond ua rau nws yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws minerals. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam, uas muaj cov hlau me me, calcium thiab magnesium.

Raws li kev ntsuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, nws yog xim tsis muaj xim, qee zaum nrog cov xim txiv kab ntxwv lossis xiav pob zeb. Nws hardness ntawm Mohs nplai yog -10. Qhov ceev ntawm carbon yog 3.52 ib 1 cm square.

Tsis muaj ob lub pob zeb zoo ib yam nkaus, lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv txhua tus yam ntxwv thiab qauv. Tab sis tsis txhob ntseeg cov dab neeg hais tias lub pob zeb diamond tsis tuaj yeem tawg. Keeb kwm proves lwm yam. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev kav ntawm King Louis XI, qee cov tub rog tau sib cav txog qhov no. Lawv txiav txim siab mus xyuasceev los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab muaj zog rau cov pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev sim tau xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias cov pob zeb diamond tawg. Cov pob zeb raug suav tias yog cuav.

Pob zeb yog pob zeb muaj nuj nqis uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev lag luam ntawm txhua lub tebchaws uas lawv khawb.

Kev ntsuas ntawm cov teb chaws tsim khoom

Raws li kev txheeb cais, thaum pib ntawm 2017 hauv ntiaj teb tsuas muaj 9 lub tebchaws - cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam no. Raws li qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov xeev no tuav 99% ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom, thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus muaj nqis - 96%.

Lavxias Federation yog tus thawj coj tsis tu ncua hauv kev lag luam no. Canada thiab Botswana nyob hauv qhov thib ob thiab thib peb. Ua ke lawv tsim 60%. Lawm, txhua lub teb chaws muaj nws tus kheej pob zeb diamond peev. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no yog lub zos ntawm Mirny (Yakutia). Hauv tebchaws Canada, ib lub nroog nyob rau thaj tsam Northwest - Yellowknife - yog hu ua "pob zeb diamond" peev. Thiab Botswana tseem hu ua lub teb chaws pob zeb diamond.

lub peev ntawm lub pob zeb diamond cheeb tsam ntawm Russia
lub peev ntawm lub pob zeb diamond cheeb tsam ntawm Russia

Russian reserves

Txawm hais tias lub peev pob zeb diamond ntawm Russia yog lub nroog Mirny, lub tebchaws tseem tab tom khawb hauv lwm thaj tsam:

  • Verkhotinskoe teb (Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam). Nws nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Mezensky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho kimberlite yeeb nkab ntawm no thiab, raws li kev kwv yees ntxhib, cov deposits nyob rau hauv nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm 100 lab carats. Ntau qhov feem pua ntawm 17.5.
  • YKrasnovishevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv hauv Urals. Thaj chaw no suav txog tsuas yog 0.2% ntawm cov chaw.
  • Arkhangelsk gems yog mined nyob rau hauv Lomonosov deposit.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv Yakutia. Ntawm qhov ntawdcheeb tsam suav nrog ntau dua 82% ntawm tag nrho lub xeev ntim. Ntawm no, kev tsuas yog nqa tawm tsis yog los ntawm thawj zaug xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm qhov hu ua alluvial deposits.

pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia lub nroog
pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia lub nroog

Kimberlite pipe

Nrog rau lub tswv yim ntawm "pob zeb diamond peev" hauv Russia thiab lwm lub tebchaws, lo lus "kimberlite yeeb nkab" yog siv. Rau ntau tus, kab lus no yog incomprehensible kiag li. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog yooj yim heev. Cov yeeb nkab kimberlite tsuas yog lub cev ntsug lossis ze li ntawm lub cev geological. Nws hloov tawm xws li tob zuj zus vim lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub meteorite. Cov yeeb nkab yog ntim nrog kimberlite thiab lwm cov pob zeb.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb sib nqus no uas cov pob zeb diamond pom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam concentration. Thiab lub npe ntawm tus yug yog vim lub fact tias rov qab nyob rau hauv 1871 nyob rau hauv South Africa, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kimberley, ib tug loj pob zeb uas hnyav 16.7 grams tau pom, uas ua rau lub pob zeb diamond maj.

Yakutia

Lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha, uas yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias Federation, tau tsim muaj xyoo 1922. Qhov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, qhov no yog lub loj tshaj plaws kev tswj-ib cheeb tsam chav tsev, uas yog loj tshaj lub xeev xws li Kazakhstan thiab Argentina. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj tsawg dua 1 lab tus neeg nyob hauv tebchaws, thiab cov pej xeem ceev ntawm 1 sq. km tsuas yog 0,31 tus neeg. Yakutia muaj 3 lub sij hawm zones thiab lub siab tshaj plaws natural resources peev xwm.

Hauv qee qhov chaw, Yakutsk, lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm tebchaws, hu ua lub peev ntawm thaj av pob zeb diamond ntawm Russia. Tseeb, lub pob zeb diamond, roj, roj thiab kub mining kev lag luamtsim thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Tab sis lub ntsiab pob zeb diamond deposit yog nyob rau hauv Mirny.

qhov twg yog lub pob zeb diamond peev ntawm russia
qhov twg yog lub pob zeb diamond peev ntawm russia

Peaceful

Lub nroog nyob 820 mais ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub tebchaws - Yakutsk. Lub xyoo ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog suav tias yog 1955. Nws yog thaum ntawd lub pob zeb muaj nuj nqis tau pom, uas hu ua "Mir".

Lub peev pob zeb diamond tiag tiag ntawm Russia yog lub nroog Mirny. Lub tuam txhab NPO Yakutalmaz nyob rau ntawm nws thaj chaw, uas yog "nyiam" tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv zos.

Nyob hauv nroog, raws li thaum pib ntawm 2017, tsuas yog 35,376 tus neeg. Los ntawm cov qauv ntawm Russia, qhov no yog kev sib hais me me.

Kev nyab xeeb yog los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm Far North, muaj lub caij ntuj sov luv luv nrog qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm + 18 degrees. Lub caij ntuj no ntev heev, qhov kub qis tshaj poob rau -40 degrees thiab qis dua.

dab tsi yog lub npe ntawm pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia
dab tsi yog lub npe ntawm pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia

Mir Quarry

Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev khawb pob zeb diamond hauv thaj av no poob rau lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsoomfwv lub tebchaws yuav tsum tau daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Tsis muaj cov hlau muaj nuj nqis txaus hauv Urals, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau saib ze ze ntawm thaj av Yakut. Yog li, qhov tseeb, lub pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia, Mirny, tau tshwm sim.

Nws yog xyoo 1955 uas cov kab lus nto moo tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua: "Peb taws cov yeeb nkab ntawm kev thaj yeeb. Cov luam yeeb zoo heev." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov kev cia siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tau ua tiav kev ncaj ncees - pob zeb diamond tau pom hauv qhov tso nyiaj. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws pib loj hlobthaj chaw.

Txog xyoo 2001, lub qhov qhib tau raug khawb. Rau tag nrho lub sijhawm, 3 ntawm nws qhov kev tsim kho loj tau ua tiav. Txog niaj hnub no, nws tau tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tias cov pob zeb nyob hauv qhov tob ntawm 1 km, yog li cov mines tau tsim ua kom tso cai rau kev khawb av hauv av.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias lub pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia nyob, tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub qhov tseeb tias xyoo 1980 nws nyob hauv qhov chaw txua txiag zeb uas pob zeb loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia tau mined. Nws hnyav dua 68 grams, uas yog 342.5 carats.

Qhov tob ntawm cov yeeb nkab kimberlite yog 515 meters, txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1.2 txhiab meters. Nov yog ib qho chaw quarries tob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no.

Tam sim no koj paub lub npe ntawm pob zeb diamond peev ntawm Russia - lub nroog Mirny hauv Yakutia. Nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag los ntawm Vilyui txoj kev loj los ntawm lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws, tau kov yeej 1072 km. Los ntawm huab cua, tsuas yog 820 km.

Pom zoo: