Leej twg pom cov nab dub (lub ntiaj teb)? Tej zaum txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg tsis paub txawm tias lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb npaum li cas. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate nws. Peb tsab xov xwm tau mob siab rau cov kab dub. Cov duab, nta, chaw nyob, hom - xav txog cov no thiab lwm yam txaus nyiam sib npaug ntawm lub ncauj lus.
Introduction
Cov worms dub yog cov kab mob loj heev, feem ntau ncav cuag peb meters ntev. Cov kab mob nyob hauv Russia tau suav nrog hauv kev txiav txim Haplotaxida. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub npe detachment nyob txhua qhov chaw, tab sis Antarctica yog ib qho kev zam. Tseem muaj tsev neeg Lumbricidae. Nws suav nrog txog 200 ntau yam. 97 tus sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Meaning of invertebrates
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab dub dub rau lub biosphere yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias cov invertebrates noj cov nroj tsuag tuag cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov khoom.lub neej ntawm ntau yam tsiaj. Tom qab ntawd lawv zom nws tag nrho thiab sib tov qhov loj uas tau txais nrog cov av. Cov tib neeg tau kawm siv cov yeeb yam no ntawm cov kab dub rau lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj. Yog li, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws chiv - vermicompost, lossis biohumus.
YVim li cas yog vermicompost?
Biohumus yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog cov qauv hydrophilic uas muaj peev xwm khaws cov dej noo. Hauv lwm lo lus, thaum tsis muaj dej hauv av, humus pib tso dej noo. Yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog dej, ib qho nyiaj seem yog qhov tseem ceeb, ces peb yuav tham txog tsub zuj zuj ntawm noo noo. Qhov tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog kev tso tawm ntawm humus los ntawm cov kab dub tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev kawm lawv cov qauv. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntawm invertebrates, tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov organic tebchaw, molecules ntawm humic acids yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ntau yam minerals.
Fertile av vim yog kab mob
Dub worms ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim cov av fertile. Qhov tseeb no tau pom thawj zaug los ntawm Charles Darwin. Nws piav qhia tias invertebrates khawb qhov rau lawv tus kheej, qhov tob ntawm qhov txawv ntawm 60 mus rau 80 centimeters. Nov yog qhov lawv plam av.
Tam sim no, tib neeg siv kab laum ntau heev rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kom tau txais vermicompost. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb nquag siv worms nyob rau hauv kev yug tsiaj thiab nqaij qaib ua liaj ua teb rau kev pub. Cov invertebrates no tau dav siv los ntawm amateur anglers raws li zoo bait.
Nyob hauv av
Dub worms nyob rau hauv Russia tau muab faib ua ob hom. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov ntau yam txawv nyob rau hauv biological yam ntxwv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xa mus rau thawj hom uas cov invertebrates pub precisely rau saum npoo ntawm av. Cov no yog cov worms txaj. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg thib ob, burrowing worms, pub, nyob ncaj qha rau hauv av txheej.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias thawj hom yog tas li nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej yuav nws cov tswv cuab nkag mus tob, uas yog, qis dua 10-20 centimeters. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg thib ob xa lawv cov dej num tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm 1 meter. Yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem lo tawm sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cev los ntawm hauv av. Lwm txoj kev lawv hu ua worms loj dub.
Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov thib ob ntau yam ntawm invertebrates, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv burrowing thiab burrowing worms. Cov tom kawg nyob hauv qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm cov av, tab sis lawv tsis muaj qhov mus tas li. Burrowing worms, ntawm qhov tod tes, txhim kho lawv cov haujlwm hauv tib lub burrows. Lawv feem ntau yog cov kab dub me me.
Cov khib nyiab thiab burrowing invertebrates nyob tsuas yog hauv cov av noo, piv txwv li, hauv qhov chaw ze dej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias burrowing worms muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv kuj qhuav av. Cov no yog cov kab ntev ntev dub, uas yooj yim dua rau hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej txawv txawv rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog.
Txoj kev ua neej nyob hauv av
Dub nyias worms nocturnal. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntawdyog hmo ntuj lawv muaj cib fim kom tau zaub mov ntau. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem saib lawv cov haujlwm nquag tshaj plaws. Qee cov worms nkag mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb kom noj zaub mov, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tshua tau tawm ntawm lawv lub qhov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab me me dub nyiam ib txwm tawm ntawm lawv cov tails hauv av. Thaum nruab hnub, invertebrates yog accustomed mus ntsaws lawv tus kheej qhov nrog ntau yam khoom, xws li ntoo nplooj. Cov khoom me me feem ntau raug cab mus rau hauv lawv lub tsev.
rau kev siv
Nco ntsoov tias lub cev ntawm tus kab mob no tau nthuav dav. Qhov laj thawj yog muaj ntau ntu ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, worms muaj tenacious bristles. Yog li, kev quab yuam rub lawv tawm ntawm mink yog suav tias yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Yuav luag tsis yooj yim.
Khoom noj
Cov kab dub dub yog cov tsis muaj pob txha uas yog omnivores. Lawv muaj kev noj zaub mov txawv heev. Ua ntej, lawv nqos ntau cov av hauv lawv tus kheej, tom qab ntawd lawv tsuas yog nqus tau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb los ntawm nws. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem zom cov zaub mov tsiaj, xws li nqaij, me me.
Nco ntsoov tias zaub mov noj hauv burrows. Ua ntej, tus invertebrate sab nraum gropes rau daim nws nyiam, tom qab uas nws drags nws mus rau hauv nws lub tsev. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw noj mov. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom paub tias txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws nws yog qhov nthuav kom paub tias tus kab mob cab cab tau nkag mus rau nws. Tom qab ntawd nws rub rov qab nrog tag nrho nws lub zog.
Ntxiv mus, invertebratesua zaub mov rau lawv tus kheej. Lawv muab tso rau hauv lawv lub tsev nrog kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kab mob qee zaum tshwj xeeb khawb lwm qhov tsuas yog khaws cov zaub mov. Nws yog clogged nrog moist ntiaj teb thiab qhib tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog kiag li.
Dub worms noj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Ua ntej, cov av yog nqos, tom qab uas lub digestion ntawm cov organic keeb kwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub invertebrate. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av thiab excretes excrement. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tib lub sijhawm, nws khaws cov khoom ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov, raws li txoj cai, ib hom heap yog tsim, muaj xws li worm excrement.
Lub Neej
Dub worms muaj keeb kwm ntev heev. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim av. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yog ua tsaug rau cov invertebrates uas peb pom lub teb chaws li niaj hnub no. Cov kab mob txhua lub sijhawm ua haujlwm burrowing, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib txwm nyob hauv kev txav mus los. Invertebrates muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv ib hnub xwb, lawv tuaj yeem noj tau ib lub ntim ntawm cov zaub mov piv rau lawv qhov hnyav, piv txwv li, 3-5 grams zaub mov.
Raws li lawv tus kheej cov dej num, cov kab dub ua rau cov nroj tsuag loj tshaj plaws, tsis suav nrog cov chiv uas lawv tsim. Invertebrates loosen cov av, kom dej thiab oxygen nkag mus rau hauv nws zoo dua. Roots loj hlob sai heev nyob rau hauv lawv burrowsnroj tsuag.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov av yog tias cov khoom loj yeej ib txwm tso rau hauv av. Cov me me ntawm cov keeb kwm txawv teb chaws yog maj mam rubbed rau hauv lub plab ntawm invertebrates thiab tig mus rau hauv xuab zeb.
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov nab dub hauv peb lub tebchaws tau poob qis txhua xyoo. Qhov teeb meem no yog yooj yim los ntawm irrational siv tshuaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav fertilize cov av. Tam sim no, kaum ib hom kab mob no twb tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nws ua rau kev nkag siab: vim li cas thiaj yuav cov tshuaj chiv thaum muaj qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb li biohumus?
qauv ntawm worms
Tus qauv ntawm cov kab dub yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qhov ntev ntawm cov tib neeg uas muaj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation txawv ntawm 2 mus rau 30 centimeters. Lawv lub cev tau muab faib ua ntu, uas tuaj yeem yog 80 mus rau 300. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov cab dub txav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov bristles me me nyob ntawm txhua ntu ntawm lub cev. Qhov kev zam hauv qhov no yog thawj feem ntawm nws. Muaj los ntawm 8 mus rau 20 bristles ntawm ib ntu.
Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov invertebrates nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw circulatory system, uas yog heev tsim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias nws suav nrog ib txoj hlab ntsha thiab ib qho hlab ntsha. Cov kab mob ua pa los ntawm cov cell ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas rhiab heev. Cov tawv nqaij muaj cov hnoos qeev tiv thaiv, uas suav nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob enzymes. Txawm li cas los xij, lub paj hlwb ntawm tus cab yog tsim tsis zoo. Covlub cev muaj cov hlab ntsha, ntawm uas tsuas muaj ob. Invertebrates yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj txiav lawv tus Tsov tus tw, tom qab ib ntus ntawm lub cev yuav loj tuaj.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv, hom thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus cab dub, thiab kuj tau nthuav tawm ntau cov duab thematic. Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm invertebrates nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog tsis tshua muaj siab, thiab nws yuav tsis tau overestimated nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev decomposition ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov organic keeb kwm yog precisely rau worms. Lawv enrich cov av nrog ib tug tseem ceeb fertilizer humus. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias invertebrates tuaj yeem yog qhov taw qhia: yog tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov av, ces av yog fertile.
Txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kab dub tuaj rau txiv neej tsis ntev los no. Yav dhau los, raws li txoj cai, tib neeg siv cov tshuaj ntxhia chiv uas ua kom cov av puas tsuaj, nrog rau txhua yam muaj sia nyob hauv nws. Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no muaj kev xav zoo li niaj hnub no. Vermicompost yog ib tug khawv koob wand uas pab tawm cov av. Nws muaj ntau ntawm nitrogen, potassium thiab phosphorus, uas yog, cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
