Reserve "Markakolsky": piav qhia, muaj thiab fauna, yuav ua li cas mus txog ntawd

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhstan muaj ntau qhov chaw tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv uas cov nroj tsuag thiab fauna ntawm cov feem ntau tshwj xeeb tej yam ntuj tso cheeb tsam yog ua tib zoo tiv thaiv. Cov no yog lub teb chaws lub xeev reserves ntawm Aksu-Dzhabagly, Markakol, Naurzum thiab Ustyurt.

Ib lub hlaws ntawm East Kazakhstan yog Lake Markakol, nyob rau hauv lub phiab uas Markakol State Nature Reserve, tsim nyob rau hauv 1976, txuas ntxiv.

Ua tsaug rau kev tiv thaiv cov hav zoov tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw no tau khaws cia los ntawm kev ua hav zoov thiab hluav taws kub, cov nyom ntxim nyiam nrog ntau yam zaub ntsuab, thiab Markakol yog ib lub pas dej huv thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Qhov chaw

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm sab hnub tuaj Kazakhstan, ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Kazakhstan, Markakol Reserve, sheltered. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ridges. Lub Kurchum Ridge nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj - Sorvenovsky Belok thiab Azu-Tau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yog Mount Aksu-Bas (qhov siab - 3304.5 meters).

Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm cov ciam teb yog 71,367 hectares, ntawm 26917 hectares nyob rau hauv av, thiab 44,450 hectares nyob rau hauv cov dej cheeb tsam ntawm lub pas dej. Thaj chaw no txuas mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Southern Altai.

Kev piav qhia

Lub chaw khaws cia tau teeb tsa thaum Lub Yim Hli 1976. Kev tswj hwm, nws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Kurchum ntawm East Kazakhstan cheeb tsam. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim ib cheeb tsam tsis yog los khaws lub cim Markakol Lake thiab nws ib puag ncig. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub reserve yog 75 txhiab hectares, thiab ib feem tseem ceeb (46 txhiab hectares) ntog rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej. Markakol.

Thaj av ntawm thaj av tau muab faib ua 2 ntu, uas nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub pas dej thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Mount Azutau, nrog rau qee qhov ntawm Kurchumsky Ridge thiab lub hav ntawm lub hav. tus dej. Topolevka. Lub Markakol xwm reserve (daim duab yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ib tug buffer (tiv thaiv) cheeb tsam, uas ua rau thaj tsam ntawm 2 txhiab hectares.

Nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub pas dej, ib qhov chaw tau faib rau cov neeg nyiam ua si thiab nuv ntses (thaj chaw - 1500 ha).

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj av ntawd yog thaj av loj heev. Thaj chaw ntawm Markakolsky Reserve yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov huab cua txias tshaj plaws hauv Kazakhstan: qhov ntsuas huab cua tsawg kawg mus txog 55 degrees Celsius (Orlovka lub zos). Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog qhov qis tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho Southern Altai (-4.1 degrees), nrog rau qhov qis tshaj nruab nrab lub Xya hli ntuj (14.1 degrees) nrog rau nruab nrab Lub ib hlis ntuj kub sib npaug zos rau -25.9 degrees. Lub sij hawm tsis muaj Frost kav txog 70 hnub.

Lub sijhawm ntev los nag nruab nrab yog kwv yees li 600 hli, thiab, rau qhov ntau dua (kwv yees li 60%), lawv poob rau hauv daim ntawv khov. Qhov ntim ntawm nag lossis daus txhua xyoo hloov pauv ntawm 321-731 hli.

Raws li kev soj ntsuam (rau 50 xyoo) ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb huab cua "Markakol Reserve", nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lake. Markakol, qhov kev hloov ntawm huab cua yog txuam nrog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm Asian anticyclone. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab nws txoj kev tawm tsam sub-latitudinal txiav txim siab qhov kev sib txuas ntawm aerodynamic ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm Chumek-Taskainat ib puag ncig thiab Sorna dej hav nrog Kurchum hav. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, cov av noo atmospheric cyclonic tam sim no ntawm Atlantic kev taw qhia txav raws txoj kev no.

Lub caij ntuj sov no luv luv, kav ntev li 2.5 lub hlis. Lub Xya Hli yog lub hli sov tshaj plaws.

YLake Markakol

Muaj lub pas dej zoo nkauj zoo nkauj hauv Markakol xwm cia, qhov siab kawg uas yog 1449.3 meters saum hiav txwv theem.

Qhov no yog lub cev dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Altai, nthuav tawm hauv lub phiab zoo nkauj ntawm roob. Lub pas dej oval-puab txuas los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob. Nws qhov ntev yog 38 km, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 19 km. Thaj chaw ntawm lub reservoir yog 455 sq. km. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nce mus txog 106 kilometers. Qhov nruab nrab qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej tsuas yog tshaj 14 meters, thiab qee qhov chaw nws yog 27 meters.

Cov ridges uas tsim lub phiab muaj qhov siab nyob rau hauv2000-3000 m. Cov qauv xim ntawm lub pas dej, uas hloov pauv nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab huab cua, yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab ntau haiv neeg. Nws tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm yellowish-golden hue thaum hnub poob mus rau xim silvery-grey hauv huab cua tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 95 tus dej ntws thiab ntws ntws mus rau hauv lub pas dej, thiab tib tug dej Kaldzhir, uas yog lub ntsiab tributary ntawm lub Dub Irtysh, ntws tawm ntawm nws. Lub reservoir tau tshem ntawm cov dej khov rau lub Tsib Hlis.

Flora thiab fauna ntawm Markakol Reserve

Cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub qhov khoob yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas suav nrog kwv yees li 1000 hom nroj tsuag, suav nrog 12 hom ntoo thiab 22 hom nroj tsuag. 15 hom tsiaj uas tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hlob tuaj ntawm no, teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lub Koom Haum. Lub cheeb tsam no tau ntev tau nto moo rau nws ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog tshuaj yej kopeechnik (los yog liab cag), safflower-zoo li tus raponticum (los yog maral cag), rosea rhodiola (raws li lwm yam golden cag) thiab lwm yam. Wooded roob slopes abound nrog berry bushes. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntawm no liab thiab dub currants, raspberries, Altai honeysuckle, Altai rhubarb. Cov neeg nyob hauv zos ua cov jams qab los ntawm rhubarb, nto moo rau lawv lub zog kho zoo kawg nkaus. Altai dos hlob los ntawm cov nroj tsuag zaub mov.

Hauv Markakol muaj: Siberian greyling, lenok, hom minnow, char thiab gudgeon. Thawj ob hom yog cov ntaub ntawv endemic peculiar nkaus xwb rau lub pas dej no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lenok (los yog weskuch hauv hom lus hauv zos) yog lub cim ntawm qhov chaw cia.

Nyob fauna kuj muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv Markakol Reserve, tawm ntawm 239 hom noog uas muaj nyob thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj, 140 hom noog. Cov 19 cov noog uas muaj kab mob thiab tsis tshua muaj npe hauv Phau Ntawv Liab suav nrog cov stork dub, osprey, Altai snowcock, grey crane, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, golden dav dawb hau thiab dav dawb hau owl.

Muaj 58 hom tsiaj nyob rau hauv cia. Ntawm lawv, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm highlands thiab taiga predominate. Ntawm cov ungulates, koj tuaj yeem ntsib mos lwj, elk, roe mos lwj, Siberian ibex. Cov tsiaj txhu muaj xws li cov bears xim av, hma, hma, Siberian lynxes, wolverines, sables, ermines, American minks, thiab lwm yam.

Yuav mus li cas?

Los ntawm lub nroog Ust-Kamenogorsk, uas yog kev tswj hwm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm East Kazakhstan, koj tuaj yeem tsav tsheb raws Samara txoj kev loj hauv lub tsheb zoo tib yam. Tom qab dhau qhov kev sib hais haum Samarskoye, koj yuav tsum ua kom koj txoj kev hla Kaznakovskaya ferry (kwv yees li 160 km ntawm Ust-Kamenogorsk). Tom qab ntawd mus raws txoj kev loj mus rau Kurchum, qhov twg txoj kev zoo kawg. Tom qab ntawd hais txog 180 mais koj yuav tsum mus rau lub zos. Terekty (yav tas los Alekseevka), los ntawm qhov chaw zoo heev av pib. Los ntawm Alekseevka mus rau Lake Markakol txog 60 mais (kwv yees li 40 feeb).

Yog koj tawm ntawm qhov chaw pib thaum sawv ntxov, thaum yav tsaus ntuj koj tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov chaw.

Nyob hauv kaw

Ua tsaug rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab hluav taws, cov hav zoov tiv thaiv tau raug khaws cia, cov nyom zoo nkauj amaze nrog cixim thiab ntau xim, thiab Lake Markakol tseem yog ib lub pas dej huv thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm xwm, uas tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1980. Nws nta cov khoom pov thawj uas qhia txog qhov zoo kawg nkaus, nplua nuj thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov chaw cia zoo.