Dawb boletus: duab thiab piav qhia

Cov txheej txheem:

Dawb boletus: duab thiab piav qhia
Dawb boletus: duab thiab piav qhia

Video: Dawb boletus: duab thiab piav qhia

Video: Dawb boletus: duab thiab piav qhia
Video: Xav rov ntsib koj ib zaug dua. 8/8/2018 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Zaj lus yuav hais txog ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo nyob hauv hav zoov. Nws lub npe hais ncaj qha txog qhov twg nws nyiam loj hlob. Qhov no yog boletus, uas nws nyiam qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob yog hav zoov nrog birches.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov nceb no suav nrog hauv ib pab pawg uas koom nrog ib lub genus - Obabkovye. Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lwm hom yog xim xim av ntawm lub kaus mom (tsim ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv).

Lub genus Obabok ua ke ntau hom nceb, suav nrog aspen nceb, boletus nceb. Txawm hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm txhua pab pawg, lawv cov yam ntxwv feem ntau cuam tshuam cov pib tshiab. Hauv qhov no, nws yog boletus uas feem ntau hu ua boletus.

Zaj lus no yuav muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv txog cov boletus dawb: duab, piav qhia, thiab lwm yam.

dawb boletus
dawb boletus

yam ntxwv ntawm boletus

Forms boletus mycorrhiza nrog birch, li no nws lub npe.

Cov nceb no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub kaus mom uas muaj xim dawb mus rau yuav luagdub. Cov nceb hluas muaj cov kaus mom zoo nkauj hemispherical. Tab sis thaum lawv loj hlob, lawv dhau los ua xoob, ntau cushion.

Qhov loj nce mus txog 20 cm hauv txoj kab uas hla. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg xaiv nceb feem ntau tsis quav ntsej cov qauv no, vim tias cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg sawv cev muaj cov nplua nuj thiab qab ntxiag saj. Lawv ob txhais ceg yog grey los yog dawb, npog nrog brownish, dub los yog tsaus grey nplai. Lub thickness ntawm ob txhais ceg yog 4 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Cov nceb hluas muaj ntom, elastic pulp ntawm cov xim dawb. Tab sis qee yam ntawm lub sijhawm so tuaj yeem hloov nws mus rau lub ntsej muag pinkish.

Ua ntej peb yuav qhia cov boletus dawb, cia peb piav luv luv txog ntau hom nceb hauv pawg no.

dawb boletus yees duab
dawb boletus yees duab

Ntau yam

Boletus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom nyob ntawm qhov pom thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog 40 ntawm lawv, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov hauv qab no yog hom ntau tshaj plaws:

  • Ordinary - qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm kev saj ntawm tus tswv ua noj. Lub kaus mom muaj xim sib xws, txhais ceg yog tuab hauv qab.
  • Dawb - loj hlob hauv qhov chaw ntub dej thiab tsis txawv ntawm cov khoom tsim tshwj xeeb (dawb boletus).
  • Hnyav - hlub av nrog xuab zeb thiab loams ze aspens thiab poplars. Lub kaus mom xim av muaj pubescence, lub cev nqaij daim tawv hloov xim liab ntawm qhov txiav, thiab ceg hauv qab no ua lilac.
  • Marsh - muaj ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw ntub dej. Lub kaus mom muaj qhov sib duantxoov ntxoo, qia yog nyias.
  • Pinking - feem ntau tshwm sim rau lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv hav zoov sab qaum teb. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yog heterogeneous, brownish, thiab cov nqaij ntawm lub so hloov liab qab vim oxidation.
  • Grey (hornbeam) - muaj lub sijhawm sau ntev tshaj plaws: txij lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Lub kaus mom yog xim av-txiv ntseej thiab greyish nrog tubercles thiab wrinkles, ib tug luv luv qia, lub cev tig liab doog thiab ces dub thaum txiav.

Tseem muaj xim dub thiab ntau xim hauv xwm.

Tag nrho cov nceb no zoo heev ntawm cov ntoo birch, tab sis lawv kuj pom nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntoo. Feem ntau lawv loj hlob hauv qhov chaw uas sov sov los ntawm lub hnub, tab sis nrog cov av noo txaus.

Dawb boletus: duab thiab piav qhia

Ntsuab nceb. Nws lub kaus mom yog xim dawb nrog ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo: lub teeb grey, cream, pinkish.

dawb boletus yees duab thiab piav qhia
dawb boletus yees duab thiab piav qhia

Cov duab ntawm lub kaus mom ntawm cov nceb me me, zoo li lwm cov boletus boletus, yog hemispherical, thaum lub hnub nyoog laus dua nws yog cushion-puab. Ces nws qhib dua. Tab sis tsis zoo li cov boletus ntau, nws tsis tshua muaj qhib tag nrho. Qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla yog 3-8 cm. Cov nqaij dawb thiab mos ntawm cov nceb tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb saj thiab tsw.

Nyob rau hauv qhov siab, lub boletus dawb ncav cuag qhov ntau thiab tsawg mus txog 7-10 cm (qee zaum txawm siab dua hauv cov nyom), txoj kab uas hla ntawm ceg yog 0.8-1.5 cm, thiab nws nqaim ze rau lub hau. Nws cov xim yog dawb, npog nrog nplai ntawm tib xim, tab sis nrog hnub nyoog thiab thaum lawv qhuav, lawv tsaus. Lub fibrous pulp ntawm qia ntawm no hom ntawm fungus, nyob rau hauvpiv nrog boletus zoo tib yam, softer. Siv lub ntsej muag xiav ntawm lub hauv paus.

khoom muaj txiaj ntsig

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm boletus dawb, zoo li tag nrho cov nceb los ntawm pab pawg no, yog lub peev xwm tshem tawm cov co toxins vim muaj cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau hauv nws. Nceb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los pab kho cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  • kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb;
  • hloov ntshav qab zib;
  • ntau lub raum pathologies;
  • teeb meem tawv nqaij;
  • mob ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal;
  • mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Lub pulp ntawm nceb muaj cov vitamins B thiab C, D, E, proteins, nicotinic acid, micro thiab macro ntsiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau yooj yim nqus los ntawm lub cev.

boletus dawb
boletus dawb

chaw loj hlob

Dawb boletus tshwm sim los ntawm nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov mus rau thaum lub Kaum Hli Ntuj hauv cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab deciduous, tsim mycorrhiza feem ntau nrog birch. Cov nceb nyiam qhov chaw ntub dej thiab sab nrauv ntawm swamps. Nws tsis yog qhov tsawg heev nyob rau hauv cov chaw zoo li no, tab sis nws tsis txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig siab.

Cov nceb yau tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw qhib thiab tshav kub: glades, groves, edges. Koj tuaj yeem pom lawv nyob hauv ib tsob ntoo.

Cov nceb ntawm hom no zoo siab rau ntau yam kev nyab xeeb. Nws loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv tundra (ze birches). Lub ntsiab mob yog lub xub ntiag ntawm birch hauv paus system uas muab zaub mov rau cov fungi.

Zoo homnceb

Los ntawm nws cov kev sib raug zoo sib xws boletus, ntau yam dawb muaj xim yuav luag dawb.

Lwm yam zoo sib xws ntawm tib genus (Obabkovye) yog cov tsis muaj npe dawb boletus. Tab sis qhov kawg yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tawg nws nquag hloov nws cov xim.

boletus nrog lub hau dawb
boletus nrog lub hau dawb

tus neeg tsis raug

Muaj, los ntawm thiab loj, tsuas yog ib qho nceb cuav, uas koj tuaj yeem yooj yim tsis meej pem tsis tsuas yog cov lus piav qhia, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam boletus, nceb dawb thiab txawm butterdish. Qhov no yog kab mob fungal. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab lom, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim los txheeb xyuas nws.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xyuam xim rau kev txiav ntawm ceg. Lub pulp ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tsis muaj tshuaj lom, oxidizing hauv huab cua, hloov xim los ntawm crimson thiab liab dawb mus rau cyanotic thiab lom ntsuab.

Nyob hauv kaw

Birch boletus nrog lub hau dawb yog nrov hu ua haymakers lossis spikelets. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm haymaking pib thiab rye yog earing nyob rau hauv teb.

Ib qho nceb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua qhov tuaj yeem sau tau thoob plaws lub caij ntuj sov thiab txawm tias lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thiab qhov no txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg nyiam taug kev hauv hav zoov.

Pom zoo: