Francis Bret Hart: biography, phau ntawv, duab

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Francis Bret Hart: biography, phau ntawv, duab
Francis Bret Hart: biography, phau ntawv, duab

Video: Francis Bret Hart: biography, phau ntawv, duab

Video: Francis Bret Hart: biography, phau ntawv, duab
Video: An Evolved Review: A&E Biography - Bret Hart 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo tau dhau mus txij li kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo Bret Garth. Tab sis nws tej hauj lwm, sau nyob rau hauv lub 60-70s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, tseem muaj nuj nqis rau tib neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb no.

Ntawm qhov tseeb los ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm Asmeskas

Lub Yim Hli 25, 1836 hauv lub xeev New York hauv Albany yug Francis Bret Hart - tus kws sau ntawv nto moo ntawm cov lus tseeb thiab paj huam. Nws tau muab lub npe hu ua nws yawg. Francis txiv ua hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb Greek ntawm lub koom haum. Txij thaum yau, Bret Hart nyiam nyeem phau ntawv. Nws nyiam ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv xws li Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens, uas tsis muaj kev poob siab cuam tshuam nws txoj haujlwm.

Bret Garth
Bret Garth

Xyoo 1845, thaum tus tub hluas muaj 9 xyoos, nws txiv tuag. Tsev neeg tau ntsib teeb meem nyiaj txiag, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov chaw nyob tsis tu ncua. Tus kws sau paj lug kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus txog hnub nyoog 13 xyoos, ces nws tau ua hauj lwm ua tus neeg ua hauj lwm kom khwv tau nws tus kheej thiab pab nws tsev neeg.

Nws niam rov sib yuav, xyoo 1854 Bret Hart tsiv mus nyob nrognws mus rau California hauv San Francisco, qhov chaw kub kub tau pib. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum tau khwv tau nyiaj ntxiv raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv thiab kws muag tshuaj, courier thiab ib tug neeg sau xov xwm. Nws kuj yog tus saib xyuas tus kheej, tus neeg sau xov xwm thiab tus neeg khawb kub.

pib ntawm txoj kev sau ntawv

Ua haujlwm hauv San Francisco rau Californian tau tso cai Bret tshaj tawm nws cov dab neeg thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1856. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tawm mus rau Uniontown nrhiav lub neej zoo dua, tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus tshaj xov xwm rau Northern Californian. Tab sis tus kws sau lus Asmeskas tsis nyob ntev hauv lub nroog no. Nws yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau San Francisco twb nyob rau hauv 1860, vim muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv xov xwm hais txog kev tua neeg ntawm ntau tshaj 50 Khab nyob ze ntawm tus dej Mud.

Tom qab nws tuaj txog hauv California, tus kws sau ntawv pib ua haujlwm hauv ntawv xov xwm "Golden Era" ua tus ntaus ntawv, thiab qee zaum nws raug tso cai sau nws cov ntawv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm tus sau prose, kos npe pib tshwm - Bret Hart.

Garth Bret
Garth Bret

Rau peb xyoos, tus kws sau ntawv tau koom nrog kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau thaum ntxov 70s ntawm Western America, Overland Monthly ("Overland Monthly"), tom qab ntawd nws tau koob meej. Xyoo 1871 Hart Bret tawm hauv California mus ib txhis. Nws mus ncig ua si hauv Eastern America thiab Canada. Thaum taug kev, nws muab cov lus qhuab qhia, uas yog raws li cov teeb meem ntawm lub xeev California.

Thaum kawg, thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug-ob, Bret Garth tawm hauv Asmeskas thiab tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Tus kws sau ntawv sim nws tus kheej ua tus neeg sawv cev Asmeskas hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Tebchaws Askiv - hauv nroogKrefeld thiab Glasgow. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1902, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 66, Hart Bret tuag hauv London.

thawj koob meej

Nws yog "California dab neeg" uas coj lub koob meej thoob ntiaj teb rau tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas Francis Bret Garth. Nws mob siab rau nws lub neej rau kev sau ntawv tiag tiag. Tus kws sau paj huam vam khom qhov tseeb, uas tau nyiam cov neeg coob coob rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Francis Bret Garth
Francis Bret Garth

Thaum nyob hauv San Francisco, Bret Hart, uas nws cov phau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg rau hnub no, tau sau nws cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1870 nws tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv hu ua "Kev Zoo Siab ntawm Roaring Camp". Phau ntawv no muaj cov dab neeg xws li: "Mliss", "Exiles of Poker Flat", "Pagan Wang Li". Cov cim siv nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg tsis yog cuav thiab zoo tagnrho. Tus kws sau ntawv tau qhia txog txhua qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas thaum lub sijhawm kub kub hauv California.

Artworks uas tsis

Txij thaum Bret Garth tawm hauv California, nws tau pib muaj kev muaj tswv yim zoo. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau nws tej hauj lwm. Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws lig novels ntawm tus sau prose yog Gabriel Conroy, sau nyob rau hauv 1876. Cov ntawv sau no suav nrog cov dab neeg xws li "Clarence", "The Steppe Foundling" thiab "Susie". Lub sijhawm no, Garth tso tawm qhov kev ua si "Ob ntawm Sandy Bar". Ua ke nrog Mark Twain, nws tau sau cov ntawv sau "Ib qho txhaum". Cov hauj lwm no tsis ua tiav.

BretGarth cov ntawv
BretGarth cov ntawv

Kev qhuas tsis ntev los no ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas tau dhau los ua kev thuam thuam. Nws tus phooj ywg Mark Twain tau hais tias: "Zoo siab thiab zoo siab Bret Harte tuag hauv San Francisco!" Txij li thaum xyoo 1878, tus sau "California Tales of the Gold Diggers" tau ntsib teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab nyiaj txiag. Nws txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Europe, tsis saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum ntxov.

Nkauj ua haujlwm zoo

Ntau Garth cov dab neeg luv luv tau dhau los ua phau ntawv. Nws yog tus sau phau ntawv hauv qab no: "Three Tramps of Trinidad", "Nrhiav hauv Blazing Star", "Esmeralda ntawm Rocky Canyon. Dab Neeg".

Bret Garth
Bret Garth

Tab sis thawj lub koob meej thiab koob meej rau tus kws sau ntawv tau coj los ntawm zaj dab neeg "Zoo siab ntawm Roaring Camp", uas tau nrov tsis yog nyob hauv Asmeskas nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob deb dhau ntawm nws ciam teb. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, Bret Hart tau piav qhia txog zaj dab neeg zoo siab uas tau tshwm sim hauv ib lub zos ntawm California ntawm cov neeg khawb kub. Nws qhia li cas txawm tias cov neeg zej zog thiab cov neeg qaug dej qaug cawv tau saib xyuas tus menyuam mos uas tau tso ib tug menyuam ntsuag.

Nyob ntev vim zaj dab neeg no, neeg Amelikas hu ua Bret Garth yog ib tug kws sau ntawv txawv teb chaws, yog "American phem". Tab sis nws tej hauj lwm nrog ceev kawg nkaus tau nrov nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, lawv tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

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