Yuav tsum tau ua qee yam tshuaj xyuas lub xeev cov xwm txheej hauv lub xeev. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yuav lub hwj chim ncaj ncees, lossis xav txog qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb rau ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, qhov tshwm sim ntawm rov qab cov nuj nqis. Thiab los ntawm qhov kev txaus siab no muab kev ntsuas credit thiab kev tshawb fawb los tsim nws.
credit qhab nia thiab tshawb fawb yog dab tsi?
Credit ratings yog cov kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws thiab Lavxias teb sab rating cov koom haum ntawm kev ruaj ntseg nyiaj txiag thiab creditworthiness ntawm nyiaj txiag sector ntawm ib tug neeg lub xeev nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev txwv thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj nuj nqis dab tsi yuav tsum tau muab, cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb tau ua tiav, lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, ntsuas tus nqi ntawm cov nuj nqis uas yuav tsum tau them thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov nyiaj them yog tias lawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub tebchaws. lub sijhawm kawm. Creditworthiness yog ib qho kev ntsuas uas ntsuas qhov ua tau ntawm kev them rov qab cov nuj nqis yog tias koj muab qiv tam sim no. Ntxiv mus, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias kev ntsuam xyuas yog xyaum tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ib tug neeg lub xeev, tab sis kuj rau cov tuam txhab loj. Yog li ntawd, creditworthiness yog ib lub tswv yim uas siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau ib lub teb chaws, tab sis kuj rau privatecov tuam txhab.
Leej twg nthuav tawm?
Lawv tau muab tso ua ke thiab muab los ntawm cov koom haum ntsuam xyuas tus kheej uas saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws. Lawv tuaj yeem soj ntsuam los ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm thiab tsoomfwv cov txheeb cais, lossis los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov lus ceeb toom ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev. Piv txwv li, qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam nrog ntau tus neeg siv ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab (los ntawm kev tshawb fawb), raws li Lub Chaw Haujlwm Ua Lag Luam Zoo dua, lwm tus sim txwv lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb rau cov koom haum loj tshaj plaws.
Vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau?
Vim li cas cov kev ntsuas no xav tau? Qhov tseeb yog tias lawv muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tub ua lag luam uas muaj peev xwm hais txog lub xeev hauv tsev thiab lub xeev xwm txheej. Raws li lawv txoj kev xav, ntau tus neeg ua lag luam thiab tuam txhab txiav txim siab seb puas yuav nqis peev hauv ib lub xeev lossis lub koom haum.
Credit rating system
Yuav ua li cas cov qhab nia ntsuas qhov system muaj nyob? Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv thiab lawv tau qhia hauv Latin. Feem ntau, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas uas siv cov ntawv me, pluses thiab minuses, tab sis tsuas yog lub ntsiab "caj qaum" yuav raug txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm:
- AAA rating. Qib siab tshaj. Lub teb chaws no tau suav tias yog tus qiv nyiaj nrog qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm creditworthiness. Qhov xwm txheej nyiaj txiag raug ntsuas raws li qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev. Xeevua nws cov dej num raws sij hawm thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob ntawm lwm yam ntawm anthropogenic keeb kwm. Kev pheej hmoo tshwm sim tsawg tsawg, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ua ntej yog ze rau xoom.
- AA rating. Qib siab ntawm creditworthiness. Pawg no suav nrog cov xeev uas muaj kev lag luam ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov teb chaws no tseem tsis muaj zog nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tsis zoo hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo qis qis.
- Rating A. Qib siab ntawm creditworthiness. Kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov xeev los ntawm qeb no raug ntsuas raws li qhov zoo ntawm lub sijhawm no. Tag nrho cov luag num tau ua tiav raws sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tebchaws muaj kev vam khom qis rau cov kev hloov pauv tsis zoo uas tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Qib ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo credit raug ntsuas qis.
- BBB rating. Qib siab ntawm creditworthiness. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no qhia tau hais tias kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws zoo heev. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nws cov luag haujlwm raws sijhawm thiab tag nrho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xeev muaj qhov nruab nrab nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tsis zoo hauv lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam. Qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov kev pheej hmoo credit yog nruab nrab.
- BB rating. Txaus siab rau qib creditworthiness. Cov ntawv no nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhia txog lub xeev uas nws qhov kev lag luam tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau. Lawv tag nrho thiab raws sij hawm ua kom tiav lawv cov luag num thiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis zoo hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis nrog kev hloov pauv tsis zoo hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, kev ncua sij hawm tuaj yeem ua tau. Cov kev pheej hmoo qiv nyiaj raug ntsuas raws li qhov ua tau.
- Rating B. Qib qis ntawm creditworthiness. Cov xwm txheej kev lag luam ntawm pawg ntawm cov xeev no yog tus cwj pwm tsis ruaj khov, thiab qhov ua tau ntawm kev them rov qab raws sij hawm ntawm cov nuj nqis feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kev pheej hmoo qiv nyiaj hauv cov tebchaws no siab dua qhov nruab nrab.
- CCC kev ntsuas. Qib qis ntawm creditworthiness. Qhov no suav nrog cov xeev uas tsis txaus siab txog kev lag luam. Lawv lub peev xwm ua tau raws li lawv lub luag haujlwm yog nyob ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv macroeconomic ib puag ncig. Qib ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo credit yog suav tias yog siab. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb uas cov lus cog tseg yuav tsis ua tiav puv sijhawm lossis raws sijhawm.
- CC ntsuas. Tsawg heev creditworthiness. Cov nyiaj txiag ntawm cov teb chaws uas suav nrog hauv pawg no tsis txaus siab. Lawv lub peev xwm los ua kom tiav lawv cov luag haujlwm feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam sab nraud, thiab kev pheej hmoo qiv nyiaj yog siab heev. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm raug tshaj tawm yog siab heev.
- Rating C. Kev tsis txaus siab ntawm creditworthiness. Kev lag luam ntawm cov teb chaws nyob rau hauv pawg no yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo heev thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo siab heev. Raws li txoj cai, lub teb chaws uas muaj lub xeev ua ntej tau nkag mus rau ntawm no.
- Rating D. Default. Qhov no suav nrog cov teb chaws uas tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau lawv cov luag haujlwm thiab, feem ntau yuav, kev hais plaub ntug kev lag luam yuav raug tso tawm rau ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm ob qhov ntsuas no, vim tias lub neej ntawd tsuas yog tsis kam them nws.cov nuj nqis, theoretically nws tuaj yeem tshaj tawm los ntawm lub xeev, uas tuaj yeem them txhua yam.
Cia hais ib lo lus hais txog Russia
Vim tias txhua lub koom haum muaj nws qhov ntsuas ntsuas, tsis muaj kev xav zoo ib yam. Tab sis feem ntau, Russia qhov ntsuas yog BBB lossis BB. Tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis yog qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws. Yog li, qhov ntsuas BBB qhia tias muaj qee yam teeb meem. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov kws tshaj lij hauv zej zog tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Yog li, Russia qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no nyob rau theem uas nws tuaj yeem hloov kho yog tias lub teb chaws tau taw qhia rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kev ntsuas BBB yuav raug hloov mus rau A. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, peb yuav ntsib kev poob qis.
Zoo kawg
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov ntawv zoo li yooj yim no tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam. Qab lawv yog cov haujlwm ntawm ntau tus neeg uas sau thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Thiab cia siab tias qhov kev ntaus nqi BBB tau muab rau Russia los ntawm ntau lub koom haum tam sim no yuav hloov mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
