Cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, Central thiab Middle Asia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Asia yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab tsim lub teb chaws ntawm Eurasia nrog Europe. Nws yog conditionally cais los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj slopes ntawm lub Ural Toj siab. Asia raug ntxuav los ntawm sab qaum teb los ntawm Arctic Dej hiav txwv thiab cais los ntawm North America los ntawm Bering Strait. Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj nws yog ntxuav los ntawm dej hiav txwv Pacific, nyob rau sab qab teb - los ntawm Indian. Thiab nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, ciam teb khiav raws ntug hiav txwv dej hiav txwv Atlantic, thiab nws tau cais tawm ntawm Africa los ntawm Suez Canal thiab Hiav Txwv Liab. Vim muaj thaj chaw loj heev, Asia muaj ntau haiv neeg, huab cua.

Thiab yog li ntawd, cov neeg Esxias lub teb chaws kuj muaj ntau haiv neeg, hais lus sib txawv, muaj lawv tus kheej, qee zaum tsawg heev haiv neeg cov hauv paus hniav, tshaj tawm kev ntseeg sib txawv. Lawv tsim tau ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Asia uas cov laus tshaj plaws kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tau yug los. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, txog niaj hnub no, muaj cov pab pawg tsawg tsawg uas tsuas yog ob peb puas tus neeg nyob.

Ib nrab ntawm tib neeg

Cov neeg Asia coob tshaj plaws. Lawv feem ntau yog Suav, Bengalis, Hindustanis thiab Nyiv. Qhov ntawd yog yuav luag peb txhiab tus neeg - ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pejxeem.

Thawj qhov chaw nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd thawj lub xeev tau sawv hauv lub phiab ntawm Huang He, Tigris, Euphrates,Ind. Irrigated av, ib qho kev nyab xeeb zoo tau pab txhawb cov pej xeem. Cov neeg ntawm Asia pib nyob rau hauv, kom populate lwm thaj chaw uas haum rau lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws zoo, cov neeg taug kev mus rau sab qaum teb, sab qab teb, sab hnub tuaj, thiab sab hnub poob - mus rau Tebchaws Europe. South, East thiab West Asia tseem muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws hnub no.

Niam teb txoj kev ntseeg

Ntau txoj kev ntseeg muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis Asia yog qhov chaw yug ntawm peb lub npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov no yog Buddhism, Islam thiab Christianity. Cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau tshwm sim hauv Southwest Asia hauv thawj xyoo txhiab AD. Kev tsim kho, nws tawg mus rau ntau qhov kev qhia. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Orthodoxy, Catholicism thiab Protestantism. Muslims yog adherents ntawm Islam, uas originated nyob rau hauv lub Arabian ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv lub xya xyoo pua AD thiab tam sim no muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv lub Arab lub teb chaws thiab sab qab teb hnub poob. Kev ntseeg qub tshaj plaws ntawm Buddhism tau tshwm sim hauv South Asia nyob rau xyoo pua BC, thiab tam sim no tau nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg ntawm East thiab Southeast Asia.

Hauv Asia, muaj kev ntseeg uas tsuas yog ua raws li cov neeg ntawm qee lub tebchaws. Cov no yog Japanese Shinto, Indian thiab Bangladeshi Hinduism, Suav Confucianism.

Teb chaws Asia

Feem ntau, muaj tsib thaj av loj thoob plaws Asia: North, South, Central, East thiab West. Los ntawm lub npe ntawm thaj chaw tau txais lawv cov npe dav dav thiab cov neeg ntawm Asia. Muaj ob pawg neeg kav. Mongolian nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj Asia, thiab Central Asian - nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb. Sab qab teb-Sab hnub tuaj feem ntau nyob hauv Malays thiab Dravidians. Cov pab pawg no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob ntawm cov lej. Raws li kev hais lus, cov neeg ntawm Asia tau sawv cev los ntawm Hyperboreans thiab High Asians. Hyperboreans yog cov neeg nyob hauv Far North: Koryaks, Chukchis, Chuvashs, Yukaghirs, cov neeg nyob hauv Kuriles, Kotts thiab Ostyaks nyob ntawm Yenisei. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tseem yog neeg pagans lossis lees txais Lavxias Orthodoxy.

pab pawg lus Hmoob

Cov pab pawg neeg Esxias siab tau muab faib ua pawg ntawm cov lus polysyllabic thiab monosyllabic. Hauv thawj pab pawg - Urals thiab Altaians. Altaians yog Mongols, Tungus thiab Turks. Cov Mongols tau muab faib ua Buryats thiab Kalmyks nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab Mongols tsim nyog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus, ntaub ntawv thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Mongols thiab Kalmyks tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg ntseeg hauv Is Nrias teb. Ntawm cov Tungus, Suav cawv yog thiab tseem muaj zog heev. Cov neeg ntawm pawg lus Turkic tau muab faib ua plaub ntxiv. Thawj - nrog rau qhov chaw hauv Siberian nroog Yakutsk, uas tau txais nws lub npe - "Yakuts" - los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog.

Eastern Turks

Qhov thib ob yog Eastern Turks, cov neeg ntawm Central Asia, hais lus Zhdagatai thiab Yugur thaum ub. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Central Asia nyob Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Tajik thiab Uzbeks. Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no qhia tau hais tias ntawm no, ib yam li hauv Suav teb, kev tsim ntawm ntiaj teb kev vam meej tau tshwm sim. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, ib puas xyoo dhau los, cov neeg no tau nyob hauv feudal-patriarchal xeev. Yog, thiab tseem nyob ntawm no muaj zog medievalkev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua, kev hwm rau cov txwj laus, kev cais tawm hauv lawv cov pab pawg hauv tebchaws, ceeb toom rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws. Cov tsoos tsho, vaj tse, thiab tag nrho txoj kev ntawm lub neej tau khaws cia. Cov huab cua kub thiab arid climatic tej yam kev mob pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm endurance ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws, adaptability rau cov xwm txheej hnyav thiab, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv cov kev xav thiab kev xav, txo cov socio-political kev ua ub no. Cov neeg ntawm Central Asia muaj cov pab pawg neeg muaj zog heev thiab - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog - kev ntseeg kev ntseeg. Hauv Central Esxias lub teb chaws, Islam tau ruaj khov. Nws cov hauv paus hniav tau yooj yim los ntawm kev simplicity ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia thiab kev simplicity ntawm nws rituals. Nrog rau qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws loj, cov neeg ntawm Central Asia muaj ntau yam kev hwm qub. Yog li ntawd, cov Kazakhs thiab Kirghiz, zoo li cov Mongols, los ntawm ancient sij hawm tau koom nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam yaj thiab nees, coj ib tug nomadic lub neej, nyob deb ntawm tib neeg mus ntev. Li no lawv txwv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev hlub rau tsiaj. Cov neeg Uzbek tau koom nrog kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb txij thaum ub los. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog ib tug sociable, enterprising neeg nrog ceev faj rau lub teb chaws thiab nws cov nplua nuj.

Arab-Persian subgroup

Cov Ural Tatars, cov neeg nyob hauv Kazan thiab Astrakhan, thiab lawv cov pab pawg neeg nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus ua rau peb pawg Turkic, thiab cov Turks thiab Ottoman ua rau plaub, sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm pawg Turkic. Cov neeg ntawm pawg lus thib plaub tau tsim nyob rau hauv Arabic thiab Persian cawv. Cov no yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Kanglis, uas nyob raws ntug dej ntawm Syrdarya River thiab nrhiav tau lub teb chaws Ottoman Seljuk. Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau tawg nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Mongols, thiab cov neeg raug yuam kom tsiv mus rau Armenia, ces mus rau Asia Minor, thiabLub teb chaws Ottoman Turkish tau tsim nyob rau hauv Osman. Txij li thaum cov neeg Ottoman thaum ub tau coj los ua kev ua neej nyob tsis tu ncua lossis kev ua neej nyob, tam sim no nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau hom haiv neeg uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm haiv neeg Turkic. Persian thiab Transcaucasian Turks ntawm Seljuk keeb kwm yog sib xyaw heev, vim tias lawv cov lej tau poob qis los ntawm kev ua tsov rog tas li, thiab lawv tau raug yuam kom sib xyaw nrog Slavs, Greeks, Arabs, Kurds thiab Ethiopians. Rau tag nrho lawv cov haiv neeg sib txawv, cov neeg ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub poob Turkic ceg tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev ntseeg Muslim thiab kab lis kev cai, uas kuj tau hloov pauv Byzantine thiab Arab lub zog. Turks thiab Ottoman yog cov neeg muaj zog, hnyav, tsis fussy, tsis hais lus, tsis cuam tshuam. Cov neeg zej zog muaj zog ua haujlwm thiab mob siab rau, txais tos zoo heev. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog nyiam kev tsis muaj zog, kev lom zem ntawm lub neej, thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tib lub sijhawm.

pab pawg lus Monosyllabic

Pab pawg thib ob loj tshaj plaws ntawm pab pawg lus Mongolian yog ntau haiv neeg ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Tibet, Haiv Neeg Himalayan thaum ub, pab pawg qus ntawm Burma, Siam, thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm South Asia uas tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no.. Lawv tsim ib pawg lus monosyllabic.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg hauv Tibet, Burma thiab Siam tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kab lis kev cai qub ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Buddhism. Tab sis ob peb haiv neeg ntawm East Asia tau ntsib thiab tab tom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Cov neeg ntawm lub tebchaws Celestial

Suav yog cov neeg laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ethnogenesis kav ntev rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Muaj peb txoj kev qhia hauv kev ntseeg -Confucianism, Buddhism thiab Taoism. Kev ntseeg ntawm poj koob yawm txwv tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm ntau haiv neeg, nkag mus rau txhua txoj kev ntseeg hauv Suav teb.

Hloov cov neeg zej zog - achans cog ntau hom nplej, nyob hauv xeev Yunnan, Jingpo, Dachang. Cov Khsi ntaj ntawm cov neeg Achan tau nrov heev hauv Suav teb. Bai cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nyob ntawm Yunnan-Guizhui Plateau. Cov neeg ntawm haiv neeg no muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab kab lis kev cai qub. Ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej Huang He, cov neeg ntawm cov neeg tsawg tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb, Bao'an, tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev yug nyuj. Cov neeg Bui muaj ntau dua ob lab thiab nyob hauv thaj av uas Huangguoshu Falls nyob. Tshuaj yej thiab paj rwb yog zus los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Bulan. Daurs nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Nenjang River. Tau nees nkaum centuries, xyoob cog qoob loo ntawm Yunnan thiab Lingchang tau cog dengi. Thiab cov chaw nyob hauv dong yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov hav zoov hav zoov hauv cheeb tsam Jenyuan, Jinping thiab Tianzhun.

Samurai

Cov neeg Nyij Pooj thiab lawv qhov tshwm sim raug txiav txim siab los ntawm peb qhov kev xav. Thawj yog cov neeg Nyij Pooj nyob rau hauv kev xav ntawm haiv neeg raws li ib pawg neeg thiab haiv neeg. Nws tau lees paub tias niaj hnub Japanese yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm haiv neeg Mongoloid. Lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv yog cov neeg thaum ub nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua peb BC, los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov Mongoloids ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Kauslim Teb thiab Manchuria, ib hom haiv neeg tau tshwm sim los ua lub hauv paus ntawm haiv neeg Nyij Pooj. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm "kev nom kev tswv Japanese" nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov archipelago ntawm Nyiv tau koom ua ke. Thiab ua li cas lub teb chaws ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj tshwm sim nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Nyivas states.

Cov duab nraaj ntawm cov lus Nyij Pooj yog tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv katakana thiab hiragana thiab lwm plaub txhiab tus cim Suav. Cov lus belongs rau pawg Tungus-Altaic thiab suav tias yog cais. Niaj hnub nimno Japanese kab lis kev cai yog no opera, kabuki theaters thiab puppet bunkaru, Japanese paj huam thiab painting, origami, ikebana, tshuaj yej ceremony, Japanese cuisine, samurai, martial arts.