Ntog nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia (cov npe)

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Ntog nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia (cov npe)
Ntog nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia (cov npe)

Video: Ntog nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia (cov npe)

Video: Ntog nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia (cov npe)
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Anonim

Leej twg yog nom tswv? Cov no yog cov neeg koom nrog kev ua nom ua tswv ntawm qib kev tshaj lij. Lawv tuav lub hwj chim loj heev hauv lawv txhais tes. Ntau tus ntawm lawv poob rau hauv daim teb no los ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis vim qee qhov xwm txheej. Thaum lub sij hawm, xws li cov nuj nqis pib nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam niche nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv ntawm lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj cov neeg ua nom tswv los ntawm Vajtswv. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej, nrog rau kev ua siab zoo, yog li pawg neeg lawv tus kheej xaiv lawv ua lawv cov thawj coj, tso lawv txoj hmoo rau hauv lawv txhais tes thiab npaj ua raws lawv mus txog thaum kawg. Ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav muab ntau cov npe uas yuav suav nrog cov neeg Lavxias teb sab nom tswv uas tau ploj mus hauv keeb kwm.

XVI-XVII centuries

Lavxias teb sab politicians
Lavxias teb sab politicians

Txog xyoo pua 16th, Russia tau muab faib rau cov thawj coj, thiab lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem hu ua kev nyab xeebnom tswv thiab lub xeev tus thawj coj ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub teb chaws tau nyob rau hauv lub quab ntawm txawv teb chaws invaders tau ntev heev. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov tib neeg tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov neeg uas tau txiav txim siab tsa cov neeg los tawm tsam "cov neeg nyob". Thiab yog li ntawd, cov thawj coj ntawm cov kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws no yog thawj tus nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia. Ntawm no yog ib co npe.

  • Kuzma Minin. Hmoov tsis, tsis muaj hnub kawg ntawm nws lub hnub yug hauv keeb kwm, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Nws yog lub teb chaws tus phab ej thiab tus tsim lub teb chaws liberation tawm tsam.
  • Prince Dmitry Pozharsky (1578–1642) - Minin tus npoj yaig hauv lub koom haum ntawm zemstvo tub rog. Ib lub monument rau ob daim duab flaunts ntawm Red Square.
  • Tab sis tus thawj coj ntawm Peasants 'Kev Tsov Rog ntawm 1670-1671 Stepan Razin (1630-1671), Cossack ataman tau tsa pawg neeg tawm tsam lub hwj chim. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab medieval.

Politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th Russia

politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th Russia
politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th Russia

Thaum lub sijhawm kav Peter the Great, nws tus ntxhais Elizabeth thiab tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Anna Ioannovna, nrog rau Catherine tus thib ob thiab nws tus tub Povlauj Thawj, ntau tus neeg tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim hauv lub xeev. Tag nrho cov nom tswv ntawm Russia tau pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv lub teb chaws.

Thawj zaug hauv cov npe ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tej zaum, yuav tsum yog lub npe ntawm Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov. Ua ib tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, nws yeej tsis poob ib zaug.

Prince Dmitry Golitsyn (1734–1803), tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo,tiv thaiv kev txaus siab ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab Holland. Nws tau ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg paub lus Fab Kis, piv txwv li nrog Voltaire.

Favorites ntawm Catherine II

Nws tsis yog qhov zais cia uas Catherine lub Great tau los ua lub hwj chim los ntawm kev tawm tsam lub palace. Ib tug ntawm nws cov koom haum yog ib tug koom tes ntawm yav tom ntej empress - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm no poj huab tais, muaj lwm yam nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia, uas tau los ua xws li, ua tsaug rau lub siab zoo ntawm lub sovereign lub xeev. Lawv cov npe yog: Grigory Potemkin, Sergei S altykov, Mikhail Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov, Alexander Lanskoy, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Pyotr Zavodovsky thiab lwm tus. muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam rau kev nom kev tswv lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm.

thawj tus kiv puag ncig

Thaum lub sijhawm huab tais huab tais tau hais tseg, ib qho ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev (1749–1802). Nrog kev vam meej thiab kev hloov pauv kev xav, nws tau ua ntej ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tawm tsam kev tshem tawm ntawm serfdom hauv lub tebchaws. Cov thwjtim ntawm nws lub tswv yim yog: Lavxias teb sab revolutionary Nikolai Ogarev (1813-1877), kws sau paj lug thiab publicist, nrog rau nws cov phooj ywg ze tshaj Herzen thiab Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), anarchist theorist uas yog ib tug koom nyob rau hauv Fabkis, German thiab Czech kiv puag ncig ntawm 1848-1849.

Lawv "tus neeg tawm tsam" tuaj yeem hu ua Alexei Arakcheev (1769-1834), txhua tus muaj zog ib ntus ua haujlwm ntawm Tsar Alexander I.

Nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau lub npe Sergei Witte(1849–1915). Nws txoj kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho lub xeev tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog txhua yam. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias ua tsaug rau nws cov tswv yim tshiab, lub teb chaws tau nce mus tom ntej.

pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th (pre-revolutionary lub sij hawm)

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum nyob rau hauv Russia, ntau tog tau nkag mus rau hauv kev nom kev tswv: Mensheviks, Bolsheviks, Octobrists, Social Revolutionaries, Social Democrats, Narodniks, thiab lwm yam. Lawm, cov thawj coj ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv. mus rau cov npe ntawm "Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Russia 20th caug xyoo (pib)".

Lavxias teb sab politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th
Lavxias teb sab politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Ntawm lawv, tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Georgy Plekhanov (1856–1918), yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm Menshevism. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-1907. Nws waged ib tug nquag tawm tsam tawm tsam cov tactics thiab lub tswv yim ntawm lub Bolsheviks. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), uas yog nto moo rau kev xaiv tsa tus thawj coj ntawm tsoom fwv ib ntus tom qab lub bourgeois kiv puag ncig, yog ib tug Socialist-Revolutionary nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev xav. Lwm tus neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab yog Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm KDPR, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj ywj pheej-monarchist tog hauv lub tebchaws. Tus tswv av loj thiab tus nom tswv Pyotr Stolypin kuj tau koom nrog cov huab tais uas muaj zog heev. Admiral Kolchak (1873-1920) - tus thawj coj ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib hauv lub sijhawm tom qab kev tawm tsam, tau txawv los ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) thiab Anton Denikin. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo, lawv tau coj pab tub rog Dawb. Tab sis nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, Nestor Makhno (1889-1934) tau txiav txim siab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam,los yog, raws li cov neeg hu ua nws, Txiv Makhno. Nws muaj ntau tshaj ib qho kev ua phem rau nws qhov credit. Nws koom nrog pawg neeg anarchist.

Cov thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet

Cov nom tswv paub zoo ntawm Russia tau suav tias yog tus phab ej rau 73 xyoo. Cov lus dab neeg tau tsim los ntawm lawv lub neej, cov dab neeg tau sau tseg, lub nroog, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab tsev kawm ntawv, Komsomol thiab cov pioneer detachments tau muaj npe tom qab lawv. Cov no yog cov thawj coj ntawm lub Bolsheviks, thiab tom qab ntawd lub Communist Party ntawm USSR.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov). Yug hauv 1870, tuag hauv 1924 vim yog kev ua phem ua phem. Tus kws tshawb fawb, kiv puag ncig, nto moo politician. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, nws tau lees paub tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg uas yog ib feem ntawm USSR, ib lub teb chaws tsim los ntawm nws cov lus pom zoo.

politicians ntawm niaj hnub russia
politicians ntawm niaj hnub russia

Ib tug koom tes ntawm Lenin thiab ib qho ntawm Bolshevik revolutionaries yog Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946). Xyoo 1923 nws tau raug xaiv tsa los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas.

Iron Felix - tus naas ej Chekist Dzerzhinsky, uas nws ua phem tau hnov los ntawm ntau lately. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ideological revolutionaries, txawm hais tias nws los ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg. Yuav luag los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev tsim ntawm USSR, nws pib ua tus thawj coj ntawm tib neeg lub koom haum ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv.

Leo Trotsky (lub npe tiag tiag Bronstein) kuj yog ib tus neeg ntxeev siab zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Soviet. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab Lenin tuag, nws pib thuam cov thawj coj ntawm Soviet, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Stalin, uas nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tebchaws. Tom qab taug kev ntev hauv Tebchaws Europe, nws nyob hauvMexico, qhov chaw uas nws pib sau ib phau ntawv txog Yauxej Dzhugashvili, tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm cov neeg Soviet. Nws yog Stalin uas tau muab qhov kev txiav txim kom tshem tawm Trotsky. Nws tuag xyoo 1940 los ntawm kev sim tua neeg.

Tus Thawj Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm CPSU Central Committee

Leej twg tuaj yeem muaj npe nrov hauv Tebchaws Meskas dua li cov nom tswv ntawm USSR thiab Russia (tom qab lub tebchaws tawg rog). Ntawm lawv, cov thawj coj txoj hauj lwm yog nyob los ntawm thawj secretaries ntawm lub pariah. Hauv qab no yog cov npe ua tiav ntawm lawv.

  • politicians ntawm ussr thiab russia
    politicians ntawm ussr thiab russia

    YJoseph V. Stalin (Dzhugashvili). Nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Sab Laj tom qab Lenin tuag. Niaj hnub no, nws lub npe tau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim txom ntawm ntau tshaj li ob lab tus neeg dawb huv Soviet pej xeem, thiab qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus thawj coj Soviet tau liam rau txhua yam no.

    Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971). Txij li thaum xyoo 1953, nws tau raug xaiv los ua Thawj Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Pawg Neeg Nruab Nrab ntawm CPSU. Thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev kav, lub sijhawm ntawm "thaw" pib. Ntau tus neeg raug tsim txom hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov raug tso tawm thiab rov kho dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntiaj teb yuav nco txog nws rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam tsis zoo hauv UN lub rooj sib tham, tsoo lub podium nrog nws khau raj.

    Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982). Nws lub sijhawm tau cim los ntawm kev vam meej ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab kev xiab nyiaj.

    Yuri Andropov (1914–1984). Tus neeg zoo li nyob ntsiag to thiab tsis zoo, ua ntej dhau los ua thawj tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, coj KGB ntawm USSR, uas ua pov thawj rau nws lub siab zoo thiab kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Tom qab Brezhnev txoj kev tuag, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws Communist Party. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis nyob hauv tus ncej no ntev heev, tsuas yog 2 xyoos xwb.

  • Tus tuav ntaub ntawv tom ntej ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Central, Konstantin Chernenko, kuj tau coj Pawg Neeg Communist ntawm USSR tsuas yog ib xyoos xwb. Ntau tus tuaj yeem nco txog nws cov dej num niaj hnub no.
  • Thiab, thaum kawg, tus Thawj Coj Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm CPSU - Mikhail Gorbachev. Nws kuj tau los ua thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Soviet Union. Tus cwj pwm ntawm nws ntawm cov neeg tsis meej pem. Nws lub npe yog txuam nrog perestroika, glasnost, lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, interregional kev tsis sib haum xeeb, lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Commonwe alth ntawm lub Warsaw Pact lub teb chaws, lub poob ntawm lub Berlin phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm niaj hnub Russia

Thaum pib ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no, tau kawg, yog cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim lub xeev tshiab Lavxias. Thiab thawj ntawm lawv yog Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin. Nws yog ib tug qub communist daim duab, tab sis kuj tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm ib tug ywj pheej Lavxias teb sab xeev thiab thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Xyoo 2000, nws raug yuam kom so haujlwm vim kev noj qab haus huv.

Lavxias teb sab politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st
Lavxias teb sab politicians ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st

Tom qab Yeltsin tawm ntawm kev nom kev tswv, nws txoj haujlwm tau muab tso rau ib ntus rau ib tug hluas tsis paub Petersburger V. Putin. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no tsis muaj cov nom tswv ntawm Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws hauv kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg. Nws tau raug xaiv ob zaug tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub hwj chim loj thiab, thaum kawg ntawm nws lub sijhawm thib ob, tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv rau nws cov neeg koom siab Dmitry Medvedev, thaum ua tus thawj tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab tas sij hawm ntawm thawj lub sij hawm, Medvedev tau xa rov qab "tus thawj tswj hwm batton" rau Putin, thiab nws tus kheej tau tuav lub rooj zaum ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm. Hauv ib lo lus,Vladimir Vladimirovich rau peb lub sij hawm coj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Cov thawj coj ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia

Raws li thaum xyoo pua 19th, nyob rau xyoo 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntau pawg nom tswv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab xeev, cov loj tshaj plaws yog United Russia, Yabloko, LDPR, Communist Party ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, thiab lwm yam. Lawv cov thawj coj raws li V. Putin thiab D. Medvedev, G. Yavlinsky, V. Zhirinovsky, G. Zyuganov.

zoo-paub nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia
zoo-paub nom tswv cov nuj nqis ntawm Russia

Siv qhov xaus

Cov npe saum toj no ntawm cov nom tswv tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Russia, tau kawg, tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tiav. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau ntau pua xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv uas suav nrog lawv tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

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