Chaw riam phom: piav qhia, daim ntawv thov, hom thiab yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Rau ntau tus neeg, kev ua tsov rog hauv qhov chaw yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam. Tab sis qhov tseeb, thawj qhov kev sim tsim riam phom qhov chaw tau ua los ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Cov kev txhim kho no tau pib rov qab rau xyoo caum thiab cuam tshuam rau hom riam phom thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qhov chaw. Thawj cov qauv ntawm cov qauv siv tau raug nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub seventies. Tam sim no, txoj kev loj hlob tsis tau nres, tsis tas li ntawd, Tuam Tshoj kuj tau koom nrog kev sib tw.

Artillery

QF Mark V yog tam sim no qhov loj tshaj plaws-caliber artillery riam phom siv nyob rau hauv nkoj. Nws siv cov tshuaj phom sij thaum ntxov, tab sis qhov tseeb qhov chaw riam phom no zoo heev rau ntau qhov laj thawj. Txawm tias cov nkoj uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov tsis muaj huab cua tiv thaiv hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv.

Vim qhov yooj yim, kev ntseeg tau thiab tus nqi qiscov chav no tuaj yeem yooj yim siv cov mos txwv loj. Cov khoom siv yog tsim los rau kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub nees nkaum xyoo, shrapnel projectiles nrog tej thaj chaw deb detonators tau dav siv los tiv thaiv missile tiv thaiv. Tab sis txij li kev tsim riam phom nuclear, kev siv hom riam phom no tau dhau los ua tsis tshua muaj.

Lub ntsiab tub rog-chaw riam phom niaj hnub no yog kev coj tus nqi nuclear. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tiam. Thaum lub nuclear nucleus tawg, qhov nqaim pem hauv ntej yog nrawm mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Kev ntaus lub hom phiaj, xws li cov mem tes plasma muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov khoom. Tab sis tus nqi yuav tsum tau qhia, vim hais tias ib tug banal tawg yuav tsis coj tej yam kev puas tsuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom tsuas yog rau thermal thiab radioactive los ntawm lub fact tias tsis muaj yuav tsum tau acceleration tus nqi. Hom riam phom qhov chaw no tau tsim nyob hauv Asmeskas xyoo 1989.

Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog lub tshuab tua hluav taws uas tso cai rau koj tso cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntawm lub nkoj tua. Txhawm rau kom tus nqi kom raug ntaus lub hom phiaj, maneuvering thiab orientation engine yog siv. Lawv nyob ntawm lub taub hau, tswj los ntawm lub nkoj thauj khoom thiab tawg tsuas yog thaum lawv nyob ze rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm tsam. Vim lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib txawv thiab ceev ntawm 20 txhiab kilometers ib ob, lawv tsis muab sij hawm rau cov yeeb ncuab los mus dodge qhov kev tawm tsam. Thaum ntaus ib lub hom phiaj, cov projectiles tsim kinetic thiabthermal shock uas ua rau cov khoom raug puas tsuaj loj heev.

Laser

Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau, laser turrets yog riam phom loj hauv qhov chaw. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov iav uas tuaj yeem tswj tau lub zog ntws. Feem ntau, lasers yog optical quantum generators, ib hom ntawm qhov chaw riam phom uas siv lub zog ntawm stimulated emission kom tau ib tug nqaim taw qhia lub zog txaus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog thermal nyhuv ntawm lub hom phiaj. Lawv ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb nrawm, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm ua riam phom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tsov rog hauv chaw.

Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim lub hom phiaj algorithm, vim tias lub teeb mus txog 300 txhiab kilometers ib ob. Kev taw qhia siab ua rau lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev sib ntaus sib tua maneuvering lub hom phiaj.

Kev sim ntawm qhov chaw riam phom tau pom tias hauv kev xyaum nrog lasers txhua yam tsis yooj yim li. Qhov teeb meem yog tias lub nqaj nthuav dav, thiab nyob rau qhov ntev xws li kev tawm tsam tsis zoo heev. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev siv riam phom ntawm qhov ntev yog qhov tsis muaj qab hau, vim tias qhov concentration ntawm lub zog poob qis heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj teeb meem hauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev teeb tsa laser hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv, vim lawv xav tau cov nqi hluav taws xob siab thiab ua kom txias tas li. Tab sis nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tawm tsam buckshot, fighters, missiles thiab lwm yam me me. Ntau lub dav hlau tau nruab nrog lub hau-mounted lasers, thiablub zog tau muab rau lawv ua tsaug rau lub tshuab tsom iav.

tshuaj lasers

Hom riam phom qhov chaw no muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Thaum piv nrog cov qauv hluav taws xob qauv, lawv yog cov compact, tab sis xav tau kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis zoo li yav dhau los, lawv cov nqi tsuas yog txwv los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj reagents. Lawv siv rau cov tsheb thauj me me thiab cov nkoj uas tsis muaj lub tshuab fais fab.

Rockets

Nyob rau xyoo pua xya xyoo dhau los, foob pob hluav taws yog riam phom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua tsov rog hauv chaw. Lawv tau coj projectiles launched los ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij cav. Lawv nrawm dua li cov mos txwv phom loj thiab nruab nrog xov tooj cua hais kom ua. Tab sis lawv muaj qhov tseem ceeb drawbacks. Cov no yog qhov hnyav, txwv nqi thiab qhov tsis zoo rau lwm hom riam phom.

Railguns (Gauss phom)

Hais txog qhov chaw riam phom, nws tsim nyog hais txog lub npe Gauss phom. Qhov no yog ib hom artillery piece uas siv projectiles. Lawv ceev muab ib qho chaw electromagnetic uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm ob peb conductors. Lawv yog cov nrawm dua li qhov chaw artillery. Txhua yam yuav zoo, tab sis lawv haus ntau lub zog thiab tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau.

Lawv qhov loj thiab qhov xav tau rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj loj yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev siv ntawm cov nkoj, thiab lawv kuj muaj kev phom sij rau yeeb ncuab riam phom. Kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov riam phom no, xws licov kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom, yog qhov ceev ntawm qhov projectile, vim nws kov yeej qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib txhiab mais hauv ob peb feeb xwb. Yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm maneuver, nws yuav muaj peev xwm zam kev sib tsoo. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem siv buckshot lossis shrapnel, tab sis qhov no yuav txo qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev.

Retrorockets

Nov yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm missile uas yog mounted rau spaceships mus ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug ntiaj chaw. Lub projectile yog raug rho tawm haujlwm tawm tsam lub orbital motion vector. Tom qab ntawd nws txo qhov ceev mus rau thawj qhov chaw thiab poob rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Lawv tau siv zog heev hauv 60-80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Askiv, Asmeskas thiab Soviet.

Torpedoes

Lwm hom riam phom hauv Asmeskas thiab Lavxias yog torpedoes. Cov no yog cov nkoj tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb nruab nrog nuclear tsav. Qhov no yog dab tsi distinguishes lawv los ntawm rockets nruab nrog tshuaj xyaw xyaw. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb, txog li ob peb lab kilometers. Txij li thaum lawv tsis yog npaj rau kev siv neeg coob, lawv tsis xav tau cushioning, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yooj yim tsim kom muaj kev nrawm nrawm. Feem ntau, lawv cov kev tsim kho yog cov khoom, lawv muaj armored, uas tiv thaiv lub torpedoes ntawm shrapnel los yog me me-caliber projectiles.

Lub torpedoes tau ntim nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj zog, uas tau teeb tsa hauv cov mines cais thiab npaj txhij thaum nws ya mus txog lub hom phiaj.

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov riam phom no yog nws xav tau kev txhawb nqa sensor. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev ncua ntev mus ntev. Qhov kev txiav txim tsuas yog lig, lub xov tooj cua beam tsis ncav cuag lub cuab yeej ntawm lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau lub torpedo cia siab rau tsuas yog lub hwj chim ntawm nws tus kheej radars, uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus hloov los ntawm lub hom phiaj siv hluav taws xob ua tsov ua rog. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis muaj npe ntawm hom riam phom no, raws li qhov tseeb, tus nqi ntawm chav tsev, nrog rau nws qhov hnyav.

US chaw riam phom

Txij li xyoo 2010, Asmeskas cov lus qhuab qhia hauv thaj chaw tau tsim kev txhais lus, kev npaj thiab xwm txheej los tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, yog tias muaj, ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab cov tebchaws koom nrog. Lawv yuav tswj hwm qhov chaw nyob ze ntiaj teb nrog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tawm tsam. Lub drone hu ua X-37B tau tsim kho tau ntau xyoo.

Nws tau tso tawm rau hauv lub voj voog, tab sis raws li Pentagon, lub cuab yeej tsis dhau tag nrho cov kev xeem thiab kev kuaj xyuas. Tebchaws Meskas tseem tab tom zais qhov tseeb ntawm cov haujlwm uas lawv muab rau cov cuab yeej tsis muaj neeg siv no. Tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis lees paub tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm chav tsev yog kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo, xa cov tshiab thiab rhuav tshem cov qub satellite systems. X-37B yog qhov kawg ntawm qhov chaw riam phom nruab nrog tis ntawm 4.5 meters thiab ntev ntawm 8.8 meters. Thaum rov qab los rau lub ntiaj teb, lub cuab yeej yuav muaj qhov hnyav li ntawm tsib tons.

American Missile Defense

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg Asmeskas siv lub teb chaws foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv, suav nrog cov chaw nres tsheb radar, taug qab cov tshuab satellite, cov tshuab tua hluav taws.kev teeb tsa, nrog rau cov chaw nres tsheb uas cuam tshuam cov cuaj luaj. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub complex muaj peev xwm ua kom puas missiles tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub orbit, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Raws li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm Russia, cov riam phom no yog qhov txaus ntshai rau lub koomhaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev xa tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv missile systems nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe lees paub qhov no. Lub complex suav nrog:

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Hauv Ntiaj Teb Nruab Nrab - muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov foob pob hluav taws;
• Aiges is a ship system;
• THAAD - mobile anti-missile system;
• MIM-104 Patriot anti-aircraft missile system;
• SBIRS - lub hnub qub ntawm satellites.

Lwm yam kev txhim kho hauv Asmeskas

Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tsim riam phom loj tshaj plaws hauv chaw. Cov kws tshaj lij Asmeskas tsis khoom tsim cov geostationary thiab ze-Lub Ntiaj Teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev pab cuam Space Fence tau raug coj los siv, txhawm rau taug qab lub ntiaj teb. Lub tebchaws United States tau txaus siab rau kev sib tw los tsim riam phom rau kev ua tsov ua rog sab nraum lub ntiaj teb, tab sis tsis tau pib ua cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb kom txog thaum tom qab Tuam Tshoj tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws xyoo 2013.

Russian chaw riam phom

Lub tswv yim tiv thaiv ntawm Lavxias Federation tseem nyiam tiv thaiv qhov chaw sab nraud. Raws li cov lus tshaj tawm, lub xeev muaj riam phom tiv thaiv satellite thiab cov khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm siv hluav taws xob jamming satellite systems. Nyob rau hauv 2015, peb satellites tau launched los ntawm Plesetsk cosmodrome. Raws li Asmeskas, muaj qhov ua tau tias cov khoom siv notsom rau kev rhuav tshem lwm lub tshuab hauv qhov chaw.

Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg. Ua ntej, cov tub ceev xwm tsis tau ceeb toom rau leej twg txog kev tshaj tawm. Qhov thib ob, lawv txav mus tsis zoo, thiab koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev xav tias lawv muaj lub hom phiaj sim sib tsoo nrog lwm yam khoom. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav, yog tias cov chav no tau nruab nrog lub laser lossis cov khoom tawg, ces lawv tuaj yeem tawg sai li sai tau thaum lawv mus txog cov cuab yeej ua tub rog ntawm lub xeev kev sib tw.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Txog hnub no, raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, Russia tau tshaj tawm txog 80 cov tub rog satellite systems. Kuj tseem muaj cov cuab yeej siv los txheeb xyuas cov neeg soj xyuas satellites sib tw. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub tsim los rau kev soj ntsuam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug cai, lub dav hlau A-60 tam sim no tab tom tsim, uas yuav tau nruab nrog lub cim tshiab ntawm riam phom laser. Lub xeev tseem npaj yuav tsim ob lub radars hla lub qab ntug uas yuav taug qab lub teb chaws thaj tsam ciam teb. Ua tsaug rau cov chav nyob no, Russia npaj yuav ceeb toom raws sijhawm thiab nrog rau txhua yam khoom nruab nrog riam phom nuclear ntawm qhov deb txog li 2,000 mais ntawm ciam teb. Raws li kev npaj, lub xeev yuav siv ntau lub ZGO radars nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, B altic, thiab Siberia. Lub thawv hom khoom yuav raug ntsia rau ntawd. Tab sis hauv Sevastopol, ntawm Kola Peninsula thiab hauv B altiysk, nws tau npaj los nruab Sunflower-type systems.

Zoo kawg

Nov yog qhov niaj hnub Asmeskas thiabLavxias teb sab riam phom. Kev txhim kho tau pib txij li xyoo pua dhau los, thiab cov peev nyiaj txiag loj tau faib rau lawv. Tej zaum, peb tsis paub txhua yam uas tau muab zais rau hauv chav kuaj zais cia thiab muab zais rau hauv qab lub ntsiab lus "secret". Zoo, peb tsuas tuaj yeem txaus siab nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thiab tsis ua txhaum kev ruaj ntseg ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Tab sis txawm tias peb muaj tam sim no yog qhov tsis xav txog hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los.

Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub hloov cov tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv sau txog kev tshawb fawb mus rau qhov tseeb thiab niaj hnub txhim kho cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm, sim ua kom muaj kev sib tw los tsim riam phom chaw thiab tswj lub zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Yav dhau los, ob lub hwj chim loj, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Soviet Union, tsis tuaj yeem sib koom lub zog ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw sab nrauv thiab sab nrauv. Tam sim no kev tsov rog no txuas ntxiv ntawm Russia thiab Asmeskas. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg koom tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw - Tuam Tshoj.

Qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag - kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv lossis kev npaj rau kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb thib peb, tseem tsis tau meej. Tej zaum cov ntaub ntawv hem yuav tsis txaus ntshai li qhov uas tos peb tom ntej. Tab sis ib yam yuav tsum to taub: kev sim ntawm qhov chaw riam phom txuas ntxiv mus, thiab txhua tus neeg sib tw muaj zog sim tsis ua kom qis dua rau nws tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm riam phom.