Tus Pej thuam ntawm Pharaoh Amenemhet III thiab lwm yam khoom pov thawj ntawm Egyptian Hall ntawm Hermitage

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Tus pej thuam ntawm Pharaoh Amenemhat III yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb ntawm Egyptian Hall ntawm Hermitage. Nws yog zoo heev khaws cia thiab, tej zaum, yog nws lub ntsiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Tab sis dua li qhov no, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ntau yam qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no.

yam ntxwv dav dav

Egyptian kab lig kev cai yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb kev vam meej. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws no yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev - txog plaub txhiab xyoo. Thaum lwm tus, piv txwv li, Greek - tsuas yog ob txhiab xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau khaws cia tshwj xeeb monuments thiab artifacts. Lawv tso cai rau peb los txiav txim qhov kev nplua nuj mythology, thawj lub ntiaj teb saib. Ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb kev pom ntawm cov neeg Iyiv yog kev ntseeg ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag ntawm tus ntsuj plig, yog li ntawd txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws tau npaj tag nrho nws lub neej rau kev hloov mus rau tom qab txoj sia. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias ritual rites, faus neeg ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv lawv cov kab lis kev cai.

Sacralization ntawm kab lis kev cai

Lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lawv lub neej kev nom kev tswv thiab kab lis kev cai yoglub deification ntawm rulers, raws li piv txwv los ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm Pharaoh Amenemhat III. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv zoo heev mob. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej tom qab, cov neeg Iyiv tau tso tseg ntau yam ritual thiab cov khoom uas khaws cia rau hauv lub Hermitage. Steles, kos duab nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab sau cov lus dawb ceev kuj tau khaws cia.

yam ntxwv dav dav

Lub Egyptian Hall tau tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse A. Sivkov hauv xyoo 1940 ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj noj mov hauv Tsev Hais Plaub Lub Caij Ntuj No. Chav tsev no nthuav qhia txog keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm kev vam meej txij li xyoo pua 4 xyoo BC. Qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog qhov nthuav tawm ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj Qub, nrog rau lub sijhawm tom ntej: Ptolemaic thiab Roman, lub sijhawm ntawm Byzantine domination.

Los ntawm yav tas los, npib ntawm imperial thiab Alexandrian minting nrog cov duab ntawm cov thawj coj tau khaws cia. Los ntawm cov chav tsev ntawm Hermitage tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke ntawm no. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog kev sau ntawm Coptic antiquities uas tau pom thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm Bock. Nws tau mus ncig thiab hla lub tebchaws no thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Ntxiv nrog rau kev nrhiav ntau yam qub txeeg qub teg, nws kuj tau mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj Liab thiab Dawb, nrog rau cov necropolis, qhov chaw nws kawm cov ntawv sau.

Exhibits

Cov khoom pov thawj hauv tebchaws Egypt ntawm Hermitage muaj ntau haiv neeg. Qhov no yog cov duab puab loj, thiab cov yas me me, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab cov khoom siv ritual, nrog rau cov ntawv sau, kos duab, duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, mummies tau khaws cia ntawm no. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev ntseeg thiablub hom phiaj ritual. Piv txwv li, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem qhuas Ipi stele (XIV xyoo pua BC). Nws piav txog tus kws sau ntawv huab tais, tus kiv cua thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tsev neeg. Nws tau nthuav tawm ua ntej tus dab pegan Anubis.

Cov tom kawg yog piav qhia nrog ib tug jackal lub taub hau nyob rau hauv nws txoj siv, ib tug pas nrig nyob rau hauv ib tes thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb hieroglyph uas cim lub neej ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub. Nws hu ua "ankh". Daim duab ntawm Anubis tau ua tib zoo sau thiab ua tiav hauv cov xim tsoos uas cov neeg Iyiv tau pleev xim rau: xiav thiab ntsuab. Cov duab puab ntawm tus sau ntawv, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ntau schematic. Nws hnav ib lub tsho nrog lub tes tsho dav thiab lub kaus mom. Lub stele qhia txog lub nkoj fij, muaj cov ntawv sau ntawm kev ua koob tsheej tseem ceeb, thiab cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm Ipi nws tus kheej.

Sculpture

Qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev nthuav tawm yog tus pej thuam ntawm Pharaoh Amenemhat III. Raws li tau hais los saum no, nws tau khaws cia zoo thiab tso cai rau peb los txiav txim seb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm lawv cov thawj coj ua si hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub. Tus vaj ntxwv no yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm kaum ob dynasty, uas kav thaum lub sij hawm Middle Kingdom (XIX caug xyoo BC). Hauv qab nws, lub xeev Iyiv tau ua tiav lub zog loj, uas, tshwj xeeb, tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev tsim kho loj.

Peb tab tom tham txog kev tsim lub tuam tsev loj heev nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Fayum oasis, uas cov neeg Greek thaum ub hu ua "labyrinth". Tus pej thuam ntawm Pharaoh Amenemhet III yog ua nyob rau hauv lub post-Amaran kev lig kev cai, yam ntxwv ntawm lub reign ntawm Akhenaten tus successors. Nws muaj lub ntsej muag zoo. Tus kws sau ntawv tau mob siab rau kev tsim cov duab zoo li qub, uas yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau pem hauv ntej piv rau kev kos duab ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj qub.

Cov leeg tshwj xeeb yog ua tib zoo kos. Amenemhet 3 yog piav nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws yooj yim: nws hnav ib lub apron thiab ib txoj phuam tshwj xeeb ntawm nws lub taub hau - ib txwm hnav ris tsho ntawm cov vaj ntxwv-tus thawj coj. Lub qhov muag tshwj xeeb yog kos tau zoo, uas, ua tsaug rau lawv qhov chaw, muab kev xav rau qhov zoo. Lub cev yog ua nyob rau hauv cov style ib txwm: nws yog ncaj, slender, uas sib haum mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub hais txog cov xwm txheej siab ntawm tus vaj ntxwv, uas nws cov duab yuav tsum ua kom pom lub hwj chim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev Egyptian.

Lwm yam khoom

Lwm qhov khoom pov thawj uas ntxim nyiam yog tus mlom ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Iyiv thaum ub Semkhet. Nws tau piav qhia nrog lub taub hau ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav, txij li cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Iziv sawv cev nws ua lub qhov muag loj ntawm lub hnub. Lawv suav hais tias nws yog tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau kab mob thiab kho lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws raug suav hais tias yog tus kws kho mob patroness.

Tus tsov ntxhuav lub taub hau zoo kawg nkaus qhia tias cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub pom tias yog hom kev rau txim. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub teb chaws - kev tshaib kev nqhis, kab mob, kev tsov kev rog, kab mob - cov inhabitants suav hais tias yog ib tug rau txim. Lwm qhov khoom pov thawj yog embalmed mummy ntawm ib tug pov thawj, uas qhia tau hais tias kev kos duab ntawm mummification tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau pharaohs, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg muaj nyiaj.