Cov txheej txheem:
- History
- Tus tsim tawm
- Cov neeg tsim khoom ntsib teeb meem dab tsi?
- Kev daws teeb meem
- Device
- riam phom hauv qab dej ua haujlwm li cas?
- Ambition
- QBS-06
- Suav qauv specifications
- NATO analogues: BUW-2
- R11
Video: Underwater assault phom APS: duab, piav qhia, analogues
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, divers siv riam los ua lawv cov riam phom loj. Nyob rau xyoo 1950, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj cov cuab yeej scuba, nws tau pom tseeb tias tus neeg ua luam dej muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qab dej yog tias nws khaws nws tus neeg sib tw nyob deb. Yog li ntawd, riam tau hloov los ntawm harpoon spearguns, uas tsuas yog ua pov thawj zoo rau kev yos hav zoov lossis tiv thaiv sharks. Cov riam phom no muaj tus nqi qis ntawm kev ceev, ntau yam, qhov hluav taws kub thiab tsis muaj zog tuag taus. Nws nyuaj heev los tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab tshwj xeeb uas siv rab phom harpoon nkaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tsim kev ua hauj lwm tau pib nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm underwater multi-shot phom. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog APS underwater tua tshuab tsim los ntawm Soviet gunsmiths.
Kab lus muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov riam phom hauv qab dej no thiab qee cov qauv zoo sib xws siv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lwm lub xeev.
History
Lub Kaum Hli 1955 hauvLub Sevastopol Bay ntawm Novorossiysk raug kev puas tsuaj txaus ntshai, thaum lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua. Rau qee lub sijhawm, muaj kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tias qhov ua rau muaj kev phem yog kev puas tsuaj. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm sab nraud cuam tshuam, cov xwm txheej ntawm 1955 yuam cov tub rog xav txog cov lus nug: yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau zoo dua los tiv thaiv submarine sabotage pawg? Nyob rau xyoo 1960, ntau lub koom haum ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej tau tsim nyob rau hauv USSR, uas Soviet gunsmiths ua ib rab phom APS submachine (daim duab ntawm riam phom tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm).
Tus tsim tawm
Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab kev txhim kho tau ua tiav ntawm TsNIItochmash kev lag luam hauv Podolsk raws li kev coj ntawm V. V. Simonov. Thawj version ntawm APS tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm tus tsim qauv P. A. Tkanev. Txij li xyoo 1975, APS tau tsim tawm ntau ntawm cov khoom siv riam phom hauv Tula. Kev lig kev cai, cov tub rog ntawm Soviet tshwj xeeb tub rog ntawm Navy tau ua tub rog nrog cov phom loj hauv qab dej. Niaj hnub no, cov riam phom hauv qab no yog siv los ntawm Lavxias thiab Ukrainian kev sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej.
Cov neeg tsim khoom ntsib teeb meem dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov caj npab me me hauv qab dej, cov neeg tsim khoom tau ntsib teeb meem, uas yog qhov muaj dej tsis kam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob ntawm tsis siv neeg thiab semi-automatic qauv, chav sau, uas ua rau cov riam phom siv tsis tau. Thaum tsim lub tshuab APS tshwj xeeb hauv qab dej, ob yam no tau muab rau hauv tus account.
Kev daws teeb meem
Underwater APS submachine rab phom yog siv los ua riam phom ntawm tus kheej los ntawm scuba divers rau tua ntawm lub hom phiaj saum npoo av thiab hauv qab dej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov riam phom no, cov neeg tsim qauv tsim ib daim cartridge MPS (tshwj xeeb marine cartridge) ntawm 5.6 hli caliber, uas muaj ib rab koob-puab (xub-puab) mos txwv, qhov loj ntawm tsis pub tshaj 15 g. Cov mos txwv loj yog 12 cm.. Lub taub hau muaj qhov nqaim. Outwardly, lub mos txwv zoo li lub khob hliav ob truncated. Nws lub taub hau muaj cov kab noj hniav, uas yog tsim los muab cov mos txwv:
- kev txav chaw ruaj khov hauv dej.
- Kev txuag hluav taws xob hla kev deb.
Vim vim tsis muaj phom phom nyob rau hauv APS submachine rab phom thaum lub sij hawm txav ntawm cov mos txwv, kev tsim lub zog tsis suav nrog. Thaum tua ntawm qhov chaw, cov mos txwv tsis ruaj khov thiab ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb txog li ib puas meters, uas txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm scuba divers ntawm ntug dej.
Txhawm rau ua txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg ua luam dej siv APS submachine phom thiab SPP-1 pistols (tshwj xeeb hauv qab dej), uas, zoo li rab phom tshuab, tau yoog rau hluav taws MPS thiab MPST cartridges (tshwj xeeb tracer marine cartridges siv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej. kho shooting).
Vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm automation hauv APS, cov dej tsis zoo hauv lub cev tau kov yeej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, APS submachine rab phom tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau kev tua hauv qab dej ntawm kab-ntawm-pom qhov deb. Xws li lub zog tuagmos txwv thiab muzzle tshaj tawm (365 m / s) yog txaus rau tho 0.5 cm organic iav thiab ntaus ib tug yeeb ncuab hnav ib tug wetsuit.
Device
Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv rau APS submachine rab phom, siv cov ntawv hlau stamped. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov me me caj npab no yog npaj rau kev khiav dej num hauv qab dej, nws txawv me ntsis los ntawm cov phom sij hauv av. Lub APS tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tsis siv neeg reloading, uas ua haujlwm vim lub zog ntawm cov hmoov gases tshem tawm ntawm lub chim channel thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm.
Cov riam phom tau nruab nrog lub tshuab ua kom tso cai rau tus neeg tua hluav taws tua ob qho tib si thiab txuas ntxiv tawg. Txhawm rau kho hom kev tua, lub tshuab tau nruab nrog lub tshuab txhais lus tshwj xeeb. Qhov chaw rau nws qhov chaw yog sab laug ntawm tus txais.
Ua tsaug rau cov hlau xaim thim rov qab, lub tshuab ua haujlwm yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, lub pob tw no yooj yim rau xaub mus rau hauv lub receiver, thiab lub tshuab rab phom lawv tus kheej yuav txuas mus rau sab ntawm underwater tsheb. APS yog tsim los rau 2000 txhaj tshuaj hauv qab dej. Nws cov peev txheej hauv huab cua yog 180 txhaj tshuaj.
riam phom hauv qab dej ua haujlwm li cas?
Thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, APS shutter, txav rov qab, qhib lub thoob channel, tshem cov ntaub ntawv cartridge los ntawm lub chamber thiab rho tawm. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rov qab los nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub bolts ncej yog compressed, txav lub cutter thiab teem lub trigger mechanism ntawm lub cocking. Tom qab tus txhais tau nias, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pib uarov qab mechanism. Thaum nws rov qab txav mus rau pem hauv ntej nrog kev pab ntawm lub qhov rooj kaw, cov mos txwv tom ntej raug xa los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm mus rau hauv lub chamber thiab lub thoob channel kaw. Lub receiver yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb lugs uas yog tsim los xauv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Xauv yog suav tias yog ua tiav yog tias lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nrog nws cov lugs tau dhau mus dhau qhov nres. Lub bolt ncej, txav mus rau pem hauv ntej, cuam tshuam nrog tus ntaus nruas, uas, nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug striker, lov cov mos txwv primer, vim qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tshwm sim.
Ambition
Ib lub thawv-zoo li ob kab ntawv xov xwm uas muaj peev xwm txog li 26 mos txwv tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tuav cov cartridges. Kev sib cais ntawm cov cartridges hauv lub khw yog nqa tawm siv lub phaj tshwj xeeb. Cov ntawv xov xwm muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuav ruaj ntseg cov mos txwv sab sauv hauv APS submachine phom. Raws li kws txawj, tsis muaj analogues ntawm no underwater riam phom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Soviet riam phom tsim qauv hauv lwm lub tebchaws, tau sim ua kom tsim cov riam phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv qab dej.
QBS-06
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej ntawm Cov Neeg Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Tshoj tau nruab nrog tus neeg tsis siv neeg caj npab me me txij li xyoo 2006. QBS-6 yog rab phom underwater submachine uas tus neeg dhia dej tuaj yeem ntaus cov yeeb ncuab hauv qab dej thiab lub hom phiaj saum npoo.
Lub thoob ntawm cov riam phom no yog xauv nrog lub bolts teb, tus kov uas nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub tshuab. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom txais, stamped steel ntawv yog siv. Tsis zoo liSoviet APS, Suav qauv muaj ib lub hnab yas. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau tus neeg tua hluav taws hauv hnab looj tes siv QBS-6, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau ua kom dav txaus. Cov stems yog uncut. Cov cav tov yog nruab nrog lub xub pwg hlau nres. Lawv tuaj yeem muab tais yog tias xav tau. Cov mos txwv yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv-zoo li yas magazine tsim rau 25 rounds ntawm 5.8 hli caliber. Tsis-hloov kho qhov muag tau tsim rau QBS-6 submersibles.
Suav qauv specifications
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm QBS-6 nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov dhia dej. Thaum siv riam phom tsis siv neeg ntawm qhov tob ntawm 5 m, qhov ntau ntawm cov riam phom yog 30 m, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm 20 m, cov cartridges muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov deb ntawm 20 m. ntawm qhov chaw, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no ua rau txo qis. qhov tseeb ntawm hits thiab cov peev txheej ntawm lub tshuab. QBS-6 siv tib lub tswv yim thiab tsim raws li Soviet submachine phom APS.
NATO analogues: BUW-2
Nyob rau xyoo 1971, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tsim ntau qhov kev them nyiaj semi-automatic underwater rab yaj phom BUW-2. Cov mos txwv rau nws yog active-reactive mos txwv, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm hydrodynamic stabilization. Cov cartridges muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub pov tseg ntawm plaub chim. Kev tua hluav taws hauv qab dej tsis tshaj 10 meters, hauv huab cua - 250. Cov mos txwv yog nruab nrog cov koob steel ntawm 4.5 hli caliber. Lawv qhov ntev yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 6 cm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ampoules uas muaj cov tshuaj lom yog txuas nrog rau cov koob. Cov mos txwv yog muab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 15 txog 20 koob.
R11
Lub tuam txhab German Heckler Koch tau tsim P11 rab yaj phom hauv qab dej tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ua luam dej. Cov riam phom no tau nruab nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv, uas nyob rau hauv lub thoob, uas yog pre-nruab ntawm lub Hoobkas, thiab reloading tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb rhiav. Tom qab tag nrho cov nqi raug rho tawm haujlwm, cov blocks raug tshem tawm ntawm rab yaj phom. P11 yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov nqi thiab tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas pib txhua lub thoob hluav taws xob primer. 9-volt roj teeb (ob daim) yog siv los ua lub zog. Lawv qhov chaw nyob yog qhov chaw kaw hauv qhov kov.
Vim muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov chaw yooj yim tau muab. Tua ib rab phom underwater nrog tshwj xeeb 7.62 mm caliber mos txwv, uas yog nruab nrog rab koob zoo li cov mos txwv. Cov mos txwv Standard muaj ib lub mos txwv uas muaj cov hlau lead. Armor-piercing mos txwv yog nruab nrog ib lub mos txwv xim dub, uas muab cov tub ntxhais hlau. rab yaj phom muaj qhov ua tau zoo txog li 15 meters hauv qab dej thiab 30 meters hauv huab cua.
Hnub no, cov neeg ua luam dej hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, Ltalis, Fabkis, Norway, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv tau ua tub rog nrog cov phom dej hauv qab no.
Pom zoo:
BMP-3: cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, piav qhia nrog cov duab, khoom siv, lub zog, riam phom, phom thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim
Lub Soviet Union tau raug suav hais tias yog lub xeev uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov tsheb armored, uas yog cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua infantry. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, designers tsim lub BMP-1, thawj tub rog tsheb ntawm chav kawm ntawv no. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub hwj chim loj, cov hauj lwm ntawm lawv predecessors tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab designers
MP5 phom phom: piav qhia nrog cov duab, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab tua ntau yam
Lub MP5 rab phom submachine yog ib qho piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov phom niaj hnub no. Kev ntseeg tau, kev ua tau zoo, kev siv yooj yim - tag nrho cov no ua rau nws yog lus dab neeg tiag tiag
Dyakonov rab phom phom tua phom: piav qhia, txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, duab
Dyakonov lub foob pob hluav taws yog ib rab phom phom uas siv los ntawm qhov chaw kaw. Nrog kev pab los ntawm fragmentation grenades raug rho tawm los ntawm lub grenade launcher, lub manpower ntawm tus yeeb ncuab raug rhuav tshem, qhov chaw uas tau ua nruab firing ntsiab lus thiab teb fortifications. Ib rab phom phom uas txuas nrog lub muzzle ntawm 1891 Mosin phom yog siv los tua cov mos txwv. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, cov yam ntxwv thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dyakonov grenade launcher tuaj yeem pom hauv tsab xov xwm
Cov phom phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Sab saum toj 10: duab, piav qhia, yam ntxwv
Kev piav qhia ntawm rab phom sniper, lawv qhov zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv, ua tsaug rau cov kws tshaj lij suav tias lawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
FN FAL phom: piav qhia, chaw tsim tshuaj paus, yam ntxwv, aiming, qhov ntev, yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab piav qhia nrog daim duab
Cov phom phom Belgian FN FAL tau tsim nws tus kheej ua ib qho kev ntseeg siab thiab tsis muaj peev xwm me me. Vim li no, qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov qauv no hauv ntiaj teb tau piav qhia. Cov phom tsis siv neeg yog loj-tsim nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Brazil txog niaj hnub no