Moldova yog lub xeev me me nyob rau sab qab teb Europe sab hnub tuaj. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe nrog cov kab lis kev cai nplua nuj tshaj plaws. Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob ruaj khov yog cov pej xeem ntawm Moldova niaj hnub no? Thiab pes tsawg feem pua ntawm lawv nyob hauv nroog? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Cov neeg ntawm Moldova thiab nws qhov loj me
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem zaum kawg, kwv yees li 3.5 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv koom pheej ntawm Moldova. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj ib tug autonomous qhov chaw - tus kheej-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian koom pheej, yog li cov pej xeem ntawm Moldova tau qhia nyob rau hauv no tsis suav cov pej xeem ntawm lub PMR.
Rau txhua lub tebchaws ntawm qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, tib yam teeb meem ntawm pej xeem yog cov yam ntxwv: cov pejxeem poob qis, kev tuag siab, kev laus ntawm lub tebchaws. Thaj chaw ntawm Moldova tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, cov pej xeem uas tau poob qis txij li xyoo 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.
Tej zaum lub ntsiab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws nonyuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev loj hlob tsis zoo, cov pej xeem ntawm Moldova kuj tseem poob qis vim muaj zog khiav tawm txawv teb chaws. Moldovans nrhiav lub neej zoo dua tab tom mus rau ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe vam meej - mus rau Ltalis, Fabkis, Portugal, Russia.
Lub teb chaws tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem: kev suav pej xeem zaum kawg
2010-2015 xyoo nyob rau hauv Moldova yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog poob qis dua piv rau xyoo dhau los.
Hauv xyoo 2004 (Lub Kaum Hli), thawj qhov kev suav pej xeem loj thiab dav tau ua tiav nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha tau txais ntawm pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv Moldova, pes tsawg tus neeg nyob txawv teb chaws, hnub nyoog, haiv neeg thiab poj niam txiv neej tus qauv ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev suav pej xeem no tsis tau ua nyob rau sab laug ntawm Dniester.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev suav pej xeem, cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws muaj txog 3 lab 383 txhiab tus neeg. Nws kuj tau pom tias kwv yees li 8% ntawm Moldovans nyob txawv teb chaws (yuav luag 90% ntawm lawv yog cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw ua haujlwm). Hais txog tus lej tseeb, tus lej no yog 367 txhiab tus neeg.
Cov qauv kev sib deev ntawm cov pej xeem hauv tebchaws yog cov poj niam (51.9%) - qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv raws nraim cov ntaub ntawv uas cov pej xeem suav suav muab rau peb.
2010 hauv Moldova tau txawv los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov pejxeem poob qis. Yuav ua li cas nws tau hloov nyob rau hauv tsib caug xyoo dhau los no yuav tau tham txog hauv qab no.ntu.
Pawg neeg muaj zog hauv Moldova
Cov pej xeem ntawm Moldova tau hloov pauv li cas hauv 50 xyoo dhau los?
Txog thaum kawg ntawm 80s, cov pejxeem ntawm Moldova tsis tu ncua. Yog li, dhau 30 xyoo (los ntawm 1959 txog 1989), tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws tau nce ntau dua ib lab tus tib neeg! Hauv cov ntsiab lus feem pua, cov pejxeem loj hlob yuav luag 40%.
Tom qab xyoo 1989, cov pejxeem ntawm Moldova pib poob sai heev. Yog li, yog tias xyoo 1989 muaj 3.65 lab tus neeg nyob hauv lub xeev, ces xyoo 2014 twb muaj 3.56 lab. Kom meej meej dua, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Moldova tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab hauv qab no.
Pawg neeg los ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab tag nrho theem ntawm nroog loj hauv lub tebchaws
Cov pej xeem hauv nroog thiab nyob deb nroog ntawm Moldova faib li cas? Txog 61% ntawm Moldovans, raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 2004, nyob hauv nroog, thiab 39% - hauv cov zos. Yog li, Moldova raug suav hais tias yog lub tebchaws "nyob deb nroog" tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Cov cheeb tsam twg ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Moldova yog cov thawj coj ntawm cov pej xeem?
Tus thawj tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub tebchaws muaj 32 cheeb tsam thiab 5 lub nroog. Hais txog cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws, cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no yog cov thawj coj: Hincesti (120 txhiab), Cahul (119 txhiab), Orhei (116 txhiab), Ungen (110 txhiab).
haiv neeg thiab lus muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pejxeem
Cov haiv neeg ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Moldova, raws liQhov kev suav pej xeem tsis ntev los no yog raws li hauv qab no: kwv yees li 76% ntawm cov pejxeem yog Moldovans, thiab lawv cov lej tau nce los ntawm yuav luag 6% txij li lub tebchaws muaj kev ywj pheej. Lawv ua raws li Ukrainians (8.4%), Russians (5.9%), Gagauzes (4.4%), Romanians (2.2%) thiab Bulgarians (kwv yees 2%). Tsuas muaj li ntawm 12 txhiab Gypsies hauv Moldova (0.36%). Txawm li cas los xij, Moldova feem ntau yuam kev hu ua "Gypsy" lub teb chaws Europe.
Cov qauv haiv neeg ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem tau qhia meej txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim hauv Moldovan haiv neeg hauv 15-20 xyoo dhau los. Yog li, feem pua ntawm cov haiv neeg Slavic (Ukrainians, Russians) tau poob qis dua 20 xyoo dhau los, thaum cov neeg Romanians thiab Gagauz, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau nce.
Lwm qhov xav paub yuav tsum tau sau tseg: Cov neeg Lavxias thiab Ukrainians hauv Moldova nyob hauv nroog loj, thaum Moldovans, Bulgarians thiab Gagauz nyob hauv thaj chaw deb nroog.
99, 6% ntawm 3.5 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Republic of Moldova yog nws cov pej xeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tshaj 5,000 tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws, raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 2004, tsis muaj neeg xam xaj txhua.
Txoj kev hais lus hauv lub tebchaws sib xyaws heev. Yog li, thaum xyoo 2004 kev suav pej xeem, cov neeg teb tau nug ob lo lus nug:
- koj hom lus yog dab tsi?
- hom lus twg yog koj hom lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv lub neej txhua hnub?
Yog li, kwv yees li 78% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Moldova hu ua Moldavian hom lus lawv hom lus, 19% - Romanian, txog 2.5% - Lavxias. ATTib lub sijhawm, Moldovan yog hom lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus rau tsuas yog 59% ntawm Moldovans. Lwm 16% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws sib txuas lus hauv Romanian thiab Lavxias, txog 4% - hauv Ukrainian, txog 3% - hauv Gagauz. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus Moldovan thiab Romanian yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, thiab qhov kev faib no yog kev nom kev tswv ntau dua li kev hais lus.
Kev ntseeg hauv Moldova
Moldova yog officially ntseeg thiab feem ntau Orthodox lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Ntau tshaj 93% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws no suav lawv tus kheej cov ntseeg Orthodox. Ua raws li Kev Cai Raus Dej (kwv yees li 1 feem pua), Adventists thiab Pentecostals (0.4 feem pua txhua tus).
Tsis muaj ntau tus neeg ntseeg Vajtswv hauv Moldova - tsuas yog 76 txhiab tus neeg (uas tsuas yog tshaj li ob feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem hauv lub tebchaws).
In xaus…
Lub koom pheej ntawm Moldova yog lub xeev me me nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Kwv yees li 3.5 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv nws ciam teb, thiab ntau dua 300 txhiab Moldovans nyob txawv teb chaws.
Cov pej xeem hauv nroog thiab nyob deb nroog ntawm Moldova tau faib ntau lossis tsawg dua sib npaug thoob plaws nws thaj chaw. Yog li, kwv yees li 61% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, thiab 39% nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog. Rau Moldova, nrog rau lwm lub teb chaws ntawm qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, cov teeb meem ntawm pej xeem hauv qab no yog ib qho tseem ceeb: kev yug me nyuam tsawg, cov neeg tuag siab, kev laus ntawm lub teb chaws (raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj ob yam), nrog rau ib qho. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tawm mus rau lwm lub xeev nyob sab Europe tseem ceeb.
