Chum salmon yog ib qho ntses anadromous ntawm tsev neeg salmon. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm catch ntim, nws tsuas yog me ntsis inferior rau liab salmon. Xyoo 2009, ntau tshaj 90,000 tons ntawm cov ntses no tau raug ntes mus muag. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm dej hiav txwv Pacific tau 3-5 xyoos, rog rog thiab rog, tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus rau hauv cov dej ntws thiab nce mus rau qhov chaw yug, kov yeej mus txog 2000 km, txawm dhia hla nrawm thiab dej tsaws tsag ob peb meters siab.. Yuav ua li cas cov ntses no pom nws qhov chaw yug - cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub txog. Ib txhia ntseeg tias nws nco txog "tsim ntawm lub tsev." Lwm tus xav tias lawv nco txog qhov saj ntawm cov dej ntawm cov kwj deg uas lub qe hatched. Tseem muaj lwm tus hais tias nws yog coj los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus.
Chum salmon mus qes lig thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab nws tshwm sim tias nws spawns hauv qab dej khov ntawm tus dej khov lawm. Nws tsis noj dab tsi hauv dej tshiab, tab sis noj cov rog ua ntej los ntawm adipose fin - daim tawv nqaij loj hlob muaj roj nyob ze ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej. Ua ntej yug me nyuam, nws yog nyias nyias, uas tsuas yog haum rau cov ntses los yog cov kaus poom. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub nkag mus rau hauv tus dej nws cov ntsiab lus rog yog los ntawm 9 mus rau 11%, ces tom qab spawning nws yog tsawg tshaj li 0.2 - 0.5%. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqaij hauv lub neej no theem hauv chum salmon ua flabby. Yog li ntawd, nws qab qab thaum ntes tau hauv hiav txwv lossis hauv ntug hiav txwv ntawm cov dej thaum pib khiav.
Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg salmon muaj ob hom kev muaj nyob: anadromous thiab nyob. Piv txwv li, sockeye salmon ua ob qho tib si daim ntawv tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab ib qho chaw nyob. Qhov chaw nyob tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov pas dej sib cais thiab hu ua kokani. Steelhead salmon muaj ob qho tib si anadromous thiab nyob hauv daim ntawv, xws li brook thiab pas dej trout.
Chum salmon ntses yog cov ntses tsis zoo, vim tias nws siv nws lub neej tag nrho hauv hiav txwv, thiab thaum neeg laus "dhau" mus rau hauv dej rau yug me nyuam. Nws belongs rau hom ntses salmon ntawm hiav txwv Pacific, tuag tom qab yug me nyuam. Vim li cas lawv thiaj tuag? Muaj ob peb versions. Ua ntej. Yuav ua li cas nws, uas nyob hauv hiav txwv thiab pub rau plankton, crustaceans thiab me me ntses, pub nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus dej nrog worms, qwj, crayfish, ntses dej tshiab? Thib ob. Hiav txwv ntses, tau taug kev ntev yam tsis muaj zaub mov, spawned, tsis muaj zog ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, tau muab cov xeeb ntxwv, ua tiav lub ntiaj teb hav zoov. Muaj lwm yam versions, tab sis lawv tsis tau muaj pov thawj rau hnub no.
Ntawm ob sab ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, suav nrog dais, paub txog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov caviar liab, uas tau muab los ntawm chum ntses thiab lwm cov salmonids: peb cov bears xim av, thiab dub Alaskan, thiab Kodiak loj - grizzlies, thiab Japanese - dub thiab xim av. Salmon mus rau spawn nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum bears ua lawv cov khoom rog rau lub caij ntuj no. Liab ntses yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no. Yog li ntawd, cov dais ntawm tus dej ntws los rub nws nrog lawv cov paws, mus rau cov lej loj.
Thaum muaj ntses nplua mias, zoo li cov gourmets tiag tiag, lawv noj caviar thiab taub hau, thiab cov seem muab pov rau ntawm ntug dej. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus nto moo explorer ntawm thaj av Ussuri V. K. Arseniev thiab nws tsis muaj npe nrov qhia Dersu Uzala dim ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis nrog ib tug ntses pov los ntawm ib tug dais. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm ntau txoj hauv kev hauv Is Taws Nem. Tab sis V. K. Arseniev nws tus kheej tau sau tias lawv tsis noj "dhia cov khoom seem", tab sis tag nrho cov khoom seem ntawm carcasses.
Bears nyiam caviar vim yog vim li cas. Lawv xav nrog cov tsiaj xav tias nws muaj txog li 20% ntawm cov proteins thiab xyaum tsis muaj carbohydrates. Thiab cov vitamins yog ib qho nyuaj rau suav. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias caviar thiab chum salmon nqaij muaj: retinol, folic thiab ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, calciferol, as Well as macro- thiab microelements: potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, thiab lwm yam. Interestingly, thiamine yog ib tug tiv thaiv los ntawm tshuaj lom. cov teebmeem ntawm cawv thiab luam yeeb. Yog tias cov ntses no tsis tu ncua hauv koj cov zaub mov, ces cov vitamins kim yuav tsis xav tau. Nws muaj tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Thiab tseem muaj ntau tshaj ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv caviar.
Ntawm no yog ntses ntses!
Daim duab ntawm ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug catch: chum raug ntes nyob rau hauv Alaska thaum lub sij hawm spawning thiab hnyav 15 kg.
Tus poj niam hauv daim duab muaj ib qho nyiaj chum salmon (ib daim ntawv marine chum salmon), ntes tau tib qho chaw, hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv, hnyav 13.5 kg.
Txhua yam ntses salmon ntes tau ntawm koj tus kheej txhais tes hauv tus dej hauv Kamchatka, Chukotka, Kola Peninsula, hauv Lake Ladoga lossis Onega, yog qhov tsis muaj nqi tiag. Zoo, yuav ntses, chilled los yogkhov, koj tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub tsev loj. Tus nqi rau chum salmon fluctuates ntawm 50 mus rau 75 - 80 rubles / kg.
