Cov nom tswv ntawm Russia: cov npe, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm ob tog, lawv cov thawj coj thiab cov haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:54

Russia yog ib lub tebchaws ywj pheej. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm ntau tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe ntawm ntau pawg nom tswv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Txoj Cai Lij Choj, cov tog neeg uas txhawb nqa cov tswv yim ntawm fascism, haiv neeg, hu rau kev ntxub ntxaug hauv tebchaws thiab kev ntseeg, tsis lees paub txog tib neeg cov txiaj ntsig thoob ntiaj teb thiab cuam tshuam rau kev coj ncaj ncees tsis muaj cai nyob hauv Russia. Tab sis txawm tias tsis muaj cov tog txaus hauv Russia. Hauv qab no peb yuav tshaj tawm tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv luv luv txog lawv.

Txoj Cai ntawm Parliamentarism hauv Russia

Hmoov tsis zoo, kev ywj pheej hauv kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Monarchism thiab totalitarian socialism yog lwm yam. Tag nrho cov kev paub ntawm parliamentarism nyob rau hauv Russia yog txo mus rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm los ntawm lub creation ntawm lub xeev Duma (1905) mus rau lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917. ATNyob rau hauv lub USSR, parliamentarism nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug ib-tog system (Lub Communist Party ntawm lub Soviet Union) yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov mus rau txoj kab kev ywj pheej, qhov "legacy" manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam, intolerance ntawm tus neeg sib tw. Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub tswv yim ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkaus xwb ntawm " tog ntawm lub hwj chim" kuj tau dhau los ua keeb kwm los ntawm CPSU.

Administrative resource

Qhov kev paub ntawm ib tog kev hauv tebchaws Russia yog tus nplua nuj tshaj plaws. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias, nco txog yav dhau los, tsoomfwv cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws txaus siab los tsim ib tog uas txhawb nqa tsoomfwv tam sim no. Nws cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb yog tsoomfwv cov thawj coj, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xeev thiab hauv nroog, rau qee qhov, lub npe hu ua kev tswj hwm kev pabcuam (lub zog txhawb nqa) yog siv rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm tog. Ua raws li cov cim qhia no, cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev nom kev tswv suav nrog "United Russia", thiab cov qub "Peb Lub Tsev yog Russia", "Kev Sib Koom Tes" los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia.

Qub tshaj plaws

Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yuav tsum tau lees paub xws li tus thawj coj ncaj ncees ntawm CPSU. Cov kev hloov pauv nom tswv tau yuam cov neeg Communist niaj hnub hloov lawv txoj kev xav ntau mus rau sab xis thiab rov txhim kho, tab sis tseem, txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas lwm tus sab laug sab laug yog, Communist Party ntawm Lavxias Federation yog "tus ntxhais" ntawm CPSU.

Regular Duma

Tsuas yog ob tog tau txais txoj cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho xya lub rooj sib tham ntawm Lub Xeev Duma. Qhov no yog Communist Party thiab Liberal Democratic Party. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawjvim yog ib txwm muaj kev nyiam ntawm cov tswv yim socialist nyob rau hauv Russia, "tseem ceeb" txoj hauj lwm rau tsoom fwv Lavxias, uas yog ib tug yeej-yeej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov kws tshawb fawb nom tswv txo qis qhov ua tiav ntawm "liberals" rau tus kheej charisma ntawm tus tsim thiab tus thawj coj mus tas li, Vladimir Zhirinovsky.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ib txwm muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm "ob lub hwj chim" hauv Duma. "United Russia" yog lawv ncaj qha mus txuas ntxiv, tab sis raws li txoj cai nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lus dag. "United Russia" muaj nyob rau hauv Duma tsuas yog rau plaub lub rooj sib tham kawg.

nom tswv

Cov tog neeg niaj hnub hauv tebchaws Russia (hauv cov npe hauv qab no), yam tsawg kawg yog cov thawj coj, ua cov neeg hais lus rau cov tswv yim nrov thiab cov thawj coj hauv lawv qhov kev txhawb nqa:

• Yog li, "United Russia" yog lub siab xav kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm txoj cai-tis centrism, tshaj tawm rau kev txhawb zog ntawm lub xeev lub hwj chim thiab kev hwm rau nws, kev hlub, kev ywj pheej, kev sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog.
• Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Russia (KPRF) - kev ncaj ncees, kev hlub, kev hwm keeb kwm.
• Lub Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR) yog radicalism hauv kev nrhiav kev ncaj ncees.
• "Fair Russia" - lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog, suav nrog European kev yaum. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, SR ua raws li ib zaug muaj kev cuam tshuam, tab sis poob txoj cai Yabloko koom haum.

Ntawm los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia yog ib pawg neeg muaj zog sib caiskev txaus siab ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm hom pro-Western. Lub Union of Right Forces tau poob nyiaj txiag kev nom kev tswv, thiab Civic Platform tseem me me. Qhov kev sim zaum kawg kom deb li deb yog Party of Growth, tab sis zoo li nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag yog loj, thiab cov neeg pluag muaj ntau, cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov nplua nuj yog txawv teb chaws rau feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem.. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nom kev tswv "kev ua lag luam" yog hloov tau. Piv txwv li, nws ib txwm nyuaj rau xav txog tias Yabloko nrov yuav poob rooj zaum hauv parliament. Tiamsis…

Tag nrho cov koom haum nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia: npe thiab lawv cov thawj coj

Cia li nthuav qhia rau koj mloog lub rooj.

Nikolai Chebotarev Y

Nikolai Chebotarev Y

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws

Nikolai Konstantinov Y

Nikolai Konstantinov Y

Party	xyoo ntawm kev tsim	Ideology	Creators	Nyob
"United Russia"	2001	Right Democratic Centrism	Sergey Shoigu, Yuri Luzhkov, Mintimer Shaimiev	YDmitry Medvedev
KPRF	1993	Central Left	Valentin Kuptsov, Gennady Zyuganov	YGennady Zyuganov
LDPR	1989	Tshaj tawm txoj kev ywj pheej, tab sis yog tias koj ua tib zoo mloog tus thawj coj cov lus - ultra-right.	YVladimir Zhirinovsky	YVladimir Zhirinovsky
"Patriots ntawm Russia"	2005	Central Left	Gennady Semigin	Gennady Semigin
Democratic Party "Yabloko"	1995	Social Democracy	Grigory Yavlinsky, Yuri Boldyrev, Vladimir Lukin	YEmilia Slabunova
"Fair Russia"	2005	Social Democracy	Sergey Mironov	Sergey Mironov
"Growth Party"	2008	Right Conservative	Boris Titov	Boris Titov
People's Freedom Party	1990	Center Right, Liberalism	Vladimir Lysenko, Stepan Sulakshin, Vyacheslav Shostakovsky	YMikhail Kasyanov
Democratic Party of Russia	1990	Center Right, Liberalism	Nikolai Travkin	YTimur Bogdanov
"Rau Cov Poj Niam ntawm Russia"	2007	Kev saib xyuas, tiv thaiv poj niam txoj cai	Galina Latysheva	Galina Khavraeva
Green Alliance	2012	Social Democratic, ecology	Mitvol Fetisov	Alexander Zakondyrin
Union of Citizens (SG)	2012	Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog	Ildar Gayfutdinov	YDmitry Volkov
People's Party of Russia	2012	Centrism	YAndrey Bogdanov	Stanislav Aranovich
Txoj Haujlwm	2012	Liberalism	YAndrey Bogdanov	Andrey Poda
Social Democratic Party of Russia	2012	Social Democracy	YAndrey Bogdanov	SirazhdinRamazanov NWS
Communist Party of Socialist Justice (CPSU)	2012	Socialism	YAndrey Bogdanov	Oleg Bulaev
Party ntawm Pensioners ntawm Russia	2012	Kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg laus
Party "GROSS"	2012	Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog	Yuri Babak	Yuri Babak
Young Russia (MOLROSS)	2012	Centrism, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov hluas	Nikolay Stolyarchuk	Nikolay Stolyarchuk
Free Citizen Party	2012	Constitutionalism, liberalism	Pavel Sklyanchuk	Alexander Zorin
"Lub Greens"	1993	Centrism, ecology	YAnatoly Panfilov	YEvgeny Belyaev
Communists ntawm Russia (KOMROS)	2009	Luag	Konstantin Zhukov	Maxim Suraikin
Agrarian Party of Russia	1993	Centrism, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov pej xeem ua haujlwm hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ntawm kev lag luam	Vasily Starodubtsev, Mikhail Lapshin, Alexander Davydov	Olga Bashmachnikova
Russian People's Union (RUS)	1991	YPatriotism, kev saib xyuas, Orthodoxy	Sergey Baburin	Sergey Baburin
Party for Justice! (PARZAS)	2012	Patriotism, kev sib raug zookev ncaj ncees	YVladimir Ponomarenko	YVladimir Ponomarenko
Social Party kev tiv thaiv	2012	Kev Ncaj Ncees Sab laug	YViktor Sviridov	YViktor Sviridov
Civil Force	2007	Kev ywj pheej, ecology, kev tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam me thiab nruab nrab	Alexander Revyakin	Kirill Bykanin
Pensioners' Party for Social Justice	1997	Kev ncaj ncees, kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg laus	Sergey Atroshenko	YVladimir Burakov
People's Alliance	2012	Patriotism	YAndrey Bogdanov	Olga Anishchenko
Monarchist Party	2012		Anton Bakov	Anton Bakov
Civil platform	2012	Liberalism	YMikhail Prokhorov	Rifat Shaikhutdinov
"FAIR"	2012	Christianity, liberalism	Alexey Zolotukhin	Alexey Zolotukhin
Labour Party of Russia	2012	Liberalism	Sergey Vostretsov	Sergey Vostretsov
tawm tsam txhua tus	2012	kev ncaj ncees	YPavel Mikhalchenkov	YPavel Mikhalchenkov
Russian Socialist Party	2012	Socialism	Sergey Cherkashin	Sergey Cherkashin
PobCov qub tub rog Russia	2012	Kev hlub, kev tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm tub rog	Ildar Rezyapov	Ildar Rezyapov
ROT PIB	2012	Luag	YVictor Tyulkin, Sergey Ud altsov	Viktor Tyulkin
Caus Party	2012	Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam	Konstantin Babkin	Konstantin Babkin
Lub Tebchaws Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws Russia (PNBR)	2012	Patriotism	Alexander Fedulov	Alexander Fedulov
"Niam teb"	2003	Patriotism	Dmitry Rogozin, Sergei Glazyev, Sergei Baburin, Yuri Skokov	Aleksey Zhuravlev
Union of Labor	2012	kev ncaj ncees, kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm txoj cai	Alexander Shershukov	Alexander Shershukov
Russian Party of People's Control	2012	Social Democracy	Albert Mukhamedyarov	Albert Mukhamedyarov
"Cov Poj Niam Dialogue"	2012	Kev lig kev cai, kev hlub, kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm poj niam thiab menyuam	YElena Semerikova	YElena Semerikova
Village Revival Party	2013	Tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg nyob deb nroog	YVasily Vershinin	YVasily Vershinin
Tus Tiv Thaiv ntawm Fatherland	2013	Populism, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm tub rog tub rog	Nikolai Sobolev	Nikolai Sobolev
Cossack party	2013	Patriotism, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm Cossacks
Kev txhim kho ntawm Russia	2013	Social Democracy	Aleksey Kaminsky	Aleksey Kaminsky
Democratic legal Russia	2013	Moderate liberalism, Constitutionalism	YIgor Trunov	YIgor Trunov
"Kev ncaj ncees"	2013	Liberalism	Stanislav Bychinsky	Stanislav Bychinsky
Great Fatherland	2012	Patriotism	Nikolai Starikov	YIgor Ashmanov
Zaj tshoob	2013	Populism, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg ua teb	Igor Kasyanov	YAndrey Mayboroda
Civil teg num	2013	Democracy, liberalism	YDmitry Gudkov	Ksenia Sobchak
Renaissance Party	2013	Socialist Democracy	YGennady Seleznev	YViktor Arkhipov
National Course	2012	Patriotism	YAndrey Kovalenko	YEvgeny Fedorov
Cov neeg tawm tsam kev noj nyiaj txiag	2013	Anti-corruption	Grigory Anisimov	Grigory Anisimov
Native Party	2013	Pobulism	Sergey Orlov, Nadezhda Demidova	Sergey Orlov, Nadezhda Demidova
Sports party "He althy Forces"	2013	Populism, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg ncaws pob	YDavyd Gubar	YDavyd Gubar
International Party (IPR)	2014	kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tib neeg, kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb	YZuleikhat Ulybasheva	YZuleikhat Ulybasheva
Socialist Party Reform (AKP)	2014	kev ncaj ncees	Stanislav Polishchuk	Stanislav Polishchuk
XUB RUSSIA	2014	Tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg tsis taus	YVladimir M altsev	YVladimir M altsev
Nkauj Ntseeg Vajtswv	2014	Populism, kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo	YAndrey Kirillov	YAndrey Kirillov
Revival of agrarian Russia	2015	Tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm agro-industrial sector	YVasily Krylov	YVasily Krylov
Hloov	2015	kev ncaj ncees	Antonina Serova	Antonina Serova
Party of Parents (PWB)	2015	Populism, tiv thaiv kev txaus siab ntawm tsev neeg	YMarina Voronova	YMarina Voronova
Small Business Party (SMBP)	2015	Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam me	Yuri Sidorov	Yuri Sidorov
Non-party Russia (BPR)	2013	Patriotism, kev ncaj ncees	Alexander Safoshin	Alexander Safoshin
"Hwj chimRau cov neeg"	2016	Socialism, kev ncaj ncees, tib neeg txoj kev ywj pheej	YVladimir Miloserdov	YVladimir Miloserdov

Nov yog cov npe nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia niaj hnub no.

Kev ua phem

Txhua txoj kev ywj pheej yog qhov pheej hmoo, qhov khoob rau cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees. Parliamentarism yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub tebchaws thiab nws cov neeg. Kev nom kev tswv technologies tsis tshua tsim nyog xav tias yog ib qho txiaj ntsig. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshaj lij kev nom kev tswv Andrey Bogdanov tsim cov tog neeg thiab tom qab ntawd muag lawv ntawm kev hloov pauv rau txhua tus. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov npe saum toj no muaj ob peb yam xws li "cov khoom". Txawm hais tias nyob rau xyoo 2012 cov kev cai rau kev sau npe ntawm cov nom tswv tau nruj. Tias yog vim li cas qhov no kuj yog lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuaj tshiab tog. Tab sis kev ywj pheej zoo dua li kev txwv nruj.