Russia yog ib lub tebchaws ywj pheej. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm ntau tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe ntawm ntau pawg nom tswv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Txoj Cai Lij Choj, cov tog neeg uas txhawb nqa cov tswv yim ntawm fascism, haiv neeg, hu rau kev ntxub ntxaug hauv tebchaws thiab kev ntseeg, tsis lees paub txog tib neeg cov txiaj ntsig thoob ntiaj teb thiab cuam tshuam rau kev coj ncaj ncees tsis muaj cai nyob hauv Russia. Tab sis txawm tias tsis muaj cov tog txaus hauv Russia. Hauv qab no peb yuav tshaj tawm tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv luv luv txog lawv.
Txoj Cai ntawm Parliamentarism hauv Russia
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev ywj pheej hauv kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Monarchism thiab totalitarian socialism yog lwm yam. Tag nrho cov kev paub ntawm parliamentarism nyob rau hauv Russia yog txo mus rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm los ntawm lub creation ntawm lub xeev Duma (1905) mus rau lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917. ATNyob rau hauv lub USSR, parliamentarism nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug ib-tog system (Lub Communist Party ntawm lub Soviet Union) yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov mus rau txoj kab kev ywj pheej, qhov "legacy" manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam, intolerance ntawm tus neeg sib tw. Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub tswv yim ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkaus xwb ntawm " tog ntawm lub hwj chim" kuj tau dhau los ua keeb kwm los ntawm CPSU.
Administrative resource
Qhov kev paub ntawm ib tog kev hauv tebchaws Russia yog tus nplua nuj tshaj plaws. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias, nco txog yav dhau los, tsoomfwv cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws txaus siab los tsim ib tog uas txhawb nqa tsoomfwv tam sim no. Nws cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb yog tsoomfwv cov thawj coj, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xeev thiab hauv nroog, rau qee qhov, lub npe hu ua kev tswj hwm kev pabcuam (lub zog txhawb nqa) yog siv rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm tog. Ua raws li cov cim qhia no, cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev nom kev tswv suav nrog "United Russia", thiab cov qub "Peb Lub Tsev yog Russia", "Kev Sib Koom Tes" los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia.
Qub tshaj plaws
Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yuav tsum tau lees paub xws li tus thawj coj ncaj ncees ntawm CPSU. Cov kev hloov pauv nom tswv tau yuam cov neeg Communist niaj hnub hloov lawv txoj kev xav ntau mus rau sab xis thiab rov txhim kho, tab sis tseem, txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas lwm tus sab laug sab laug yog, Communist Party ntawm Lavxias Federation yog "tus ntxhais" ntawm CPSU.
Regular Duma
Tsuas yog ob tog tau txais txoj cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho xya lub rooj sib tham ntawm Lub Xeev Duma. Qhov no yog Communist Party thiab Liberal Democratic Party. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawjvim yog ib txwm muaj kev nyiam ntawm cov tswv yim socialist nyob rau hauv Russia, "tseem ceeb" txoj hauj lwm rau tsoom fwv Lavxias, uas yog ib tug yeej-yeej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov kws tshawb fawb nom tswv txo qis qhov ua tiav ntawm "liberals" rau tus kheej charisma ntawm tus tsim thiab tus thawj coj mus tas li, Vladimir Zhirinovsky.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ib txwm muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm "ob lub hwj chim" hauv Duma. "United Russia" yog lawv ncaj qha mus txuas ntxiv, tab sis raws li txoj cai nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lus dag. "United Russia" muaj nyob rau hauv Duma tsuas yog rau plaub lub rooj sib tham kawg.
nom tswv
Cov tog neeg niaj hnub hauv tebchaws Russia (hauv cov npe hauv qab no), yam tsawg kawg yog cov thawj coj, ua cov neeg hais lus rau cov tswv yim nrov thiab cov thawj coj hauv lawv qhov kev txhawb nqa:
- Yog li, "United Russia" yog lub siab xav kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm txoj cai-tis centrism, tshaj tawm rau kev txhawb zog ntawm lub xeev lub hwj chim thiab kev hwm rau nws, kev hlub, kev ywj pheej, kev sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog.
- Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Russia (KPRF) - kev ncaj ncees, kev hlub, kev hwm keeb kwm.
- Lub Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR) yog radicalism hauv kev nrhiav kev ncaj ncees.
- "Fair Russia" - lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog, suav nrog European kev yaum. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, SR ua raws li ib zaug muaj kev cuam tshuam, tab sis poob txoj cai Yabloko koom haum.
Ntawm los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia yog ib pawg neeg muaj zog sib caiskev txaus siab ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm hom pro-Western. Lub Union of Right Forces tau poob nyiaj txiag kev nom kev tswv, thiab Civic Platform tseem me me. Qhov kev sim zaum kawg kom deb li deb yog Party of Growth, tab sis zoo li nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag yog loj, thiab cov neeg pluag muaj ntau, cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov nplua nuj yog txawv teb chaws rau feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem.. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nom kev tswv "kev ua lag luam" yog hloov tau. Piv txwv li, nws ib txwm nyuaj rau xav txog tias Yabloko nrov yuav poob rooj zaum hauv parliament. Tiamsis…
Tag nrho cov koom haum nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia: npe thiab lawv cov thawj coj
Cia li nthuav qhia rau koj mloog lub rooj.
| Party | xyoo ntawm kev tsim | Ideology | Creators | Nyob |
| "United Russia" | 2001 | Right Democratic Centrism | Sergey Shoigu, Yuri Luzhkov, Mintimer Shaimiev | YDmitry Medvedev |
| KPRF | 1993 | Central Left | Valentin Kuptsov, Gennady Zyuganov | YGennady Zyuganov |
| LDPR | 1989 | Tshaj tawm txoj kev ywj pheej, tab sis yog tias koj ua tib zoo mloog tus thawj coj cov lus - ultra-right. | YVladimir Zhirinovsky | YVladimir Zhirinovsky |
| "Patriots ntawm Russia" | 2005 | Central Left | Gennady Semigin | Gennady Semigin |
| Democratic Party "Yabloko" | 1995 | Social Democracy | Grigory Yavlinsky, Yuri Boldyrev, Vladimir Lukin | YEmilia Slabunova |
| "Fair Russia" | 2005 | Social Democracy | Sergey Mironov | Sergey Mironov |
| "Growth Party" | 2008 | Right Conservative | Boris Titov | Boris Titov |
| People's Freedom Party | 1990 | Center Right, Liberalism | Vladimir Lysenko, Stepan Sulakshin, Vyacheslav Shostakovsky | YMikhail Kasyanov |
| Democratic Party of Russia | 1990 | Center Right, Liberalism | Nikolai Travkin | YTimur Bogdanov |
| "Rau Cov Poj Niam ntawm Russia" | 2007 | Kev saib xyuas, tiv thaiv poj niam txoj cai | Galina Latysheva | Galina Khavraeva |
| Green Alliance | 2012 | Social Democratic, ecology | Mitvol Fetisov | Alexander Zakondyrin |
| Union of Citizens (SG) | 2012 | Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog | Ildar Gayfutdinov | YDmitry Volkov |
| People's Party of Russia | 2012 | Centrism | YAndrey Bogdanov | Stanislav Aranovich |
| Txoj Haujlwm | 2012 | Liberalism | YAndrey Bogdanov | Andrey Poda |
| Social Democratic Party of Russia | 2012 | Social Democracy | YAndrey Bogdanov | SirazhdinRamazanov NWS |
| Communist Party of Socialist Justice (CPSU) | 2012 | Socialism | YAndrey Bogdanov | Oleg Bulaev |
| Party ntawm Pensioners ntawm Russia | 2012 | Kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg laus | ||
| Party "GROSS" | 2012 | Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog | Yuri Babak | Yuri Babak |
| Young Russia (MOLROSS) | 2012 | Centrism, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov hluas | Nikolay Stolyarchuk | Nikolay Stolyarchuk |
| Free Citizen Party | 2012 | Constitutionalism, liberalism | Pavel Sklyanchuk | Alexander Zorin |
| "Lub Greens" | 1993 | Centrism, ecology | YAnatoly Panfilov | YEvgeny Belyaev |
| Communists ntawm Russia (KOMROS) | 2009 | Luag | Konstantin Zhukov | Maxim Suraikin |
| Agrarian Party of Russia | 1993 | Centrism, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov pej xeem ua haujlwm hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ntawm kev lag luam | Vasily Starodubtsev, Mikhail Lapshin, Alexander Davydov | Olga Bashmachnikova |
| Russian People's Union (RUS) | 1991 | YPatriotism, kev saib xyuas, Orthodoxy | Sergey Baburin | Sergey Baburin |
| Party for Justice! (PARZAS) | 2012 | Patriotism, kev sib raug zookev ncaj ncees | YVladimir Ponomarenko | YVladimir Ponomarenko |
| Social Party kev tiv thaiv | 2012 | Kev Ncaj Ncees Sab laug | YViktor Sviridov | YViktor Sviridov |
| Civil Force | 2007 | Kev ywj pheej, ecology, kev tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam me thiab nruab nrab | Alexander Revyakin | Kirill Bykanin |
| Pensioners' Party for Social Justice | 1997 | Kev ncaj ncees, kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg laus | Sergey Atroshenko | YVladimir Burakov |
| People's Alliance | 2012 | Patriotism | YAndrey Bogdanov | Olga Anishchenko |
| Monarchist Party | 2012 | Anton Bakov | Anton Bakov | |
| Civil platform | 2012 | Liberalism | YMikhail Prokhorov | Rifat Shaikhutdinov |
| "FAIR" | 2012 | Christianity, liberalism | Alexey Zolotukhin | Alexey Zolotukhin |
| Labour Party of Russia | 2012 | Liberalism | Sergey Vostretsov | Sergey Vostretsov |
| tawm tsam txhua tus | 2012 | kev ncaj ncees | YPavel Mikhalchenkov | YPavel Mikhalchenkov |
| Russian Socialist Party | 2012 | Socialism | Sergey Cherkashin | Sergey Cherkashin |
| PobCov qub tub rog Russia | 2012 | Kev hlub, kev tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm tub rog | Ildar Rezyapov | Ildar Rezyapov |
| ROT PIB | 2012 | Luag | YVictor Tyulkin, Sergey Ud altsov | Viktor Tyulkin |
| Caus Party | 2012 | Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam | Konstantin Babkin | Konstantin Babkin |
| Lub Tebchaws Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws Russia (PNBR) | 2012 | Patriotism | Alexander Fedulov | Alexander Fedulov |
| "Niam teb" | 2003 | Patriotism | Dmitry Rogozin, Sergei Glazyev, Sergei Baburin, Yuri Skokov | Aleksey Zhuravlev |
| Union of Labor | 2012 | kev ncaj ncees, kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm txoj cai | Alexander Shershukov | Alexander Shershukov |
| Russian Party of People's Control | 2012 | Social Democracy | Albert Mukhamedyarov | Albert Mukhamedyarov |
| "Cov Poj Niam Dialogue" | 2012 | Kev lig kev cai, kev hlub, kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm poj niam thiab menyuam | YElena Semerikova | YElena Semerikova |
| Village Revival Party | 2013 | Tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg nyob deb nroog | YVasily Vershinin | YVasily Vershinin |
| Tus Tiv Thaiv ntawm Fatherland | 2013 | Populism, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm tub rog tub rog | Nikolai Sobolev | Nikolai Sobolev |
| Cossack party | 2013 | Patriotism, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm Cossacks | ||
| Kev txhim kho ntawm Russia | 2013 | Social Democracy | Aleksey Kaminsky | Aleksey Kaminsky |
| Democratic legal Russia | 2013 | Moderate liberalism, Constitutionalism | YIgor Trunov | YIgor Trunov |
| "Kev ncaj ncees" | 2013 | Liberalism | Stanislav Bychinsky | Stanislav Bychinsky |
| Great Fatherland | 2012 | Patriotism | Nikolai Starikov | YIgor Ashmanov |
| Zaj tshoob | 2013 | Populism, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg ua teb | Igor Kasyanov | YAndrey Mayboroda |
| Civil teg num | 2013 | Democracy, liberalism | YDmitry Gudkov | Ksenia Sobchak |
| Renaissance Party | 2013 | Socialist Democracy | YGennady Seleznev | YViktor Arkhipov |
| National Course | 2012 | Patriotism | YAndrey Kovalenko | YEvgeny Fedorov |
| Cov neeg tawm tsam kev noj nyiaj txiag | 2013 | Anti-corruption | Grigory Anisimov | Grigory Anisimov |
| Native Party | 2013 | Pobulism | Sergey Orlov, Nadezhda Demidova | Sergey Orlov, Nadezhda Demidova |
| Sports party "He althy Forces" | 2013 | Populism, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg ncaws pob | YDavyd Gubar | YDavyd Gubar |
| International Party (IPR) | 2014 | kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tib neeg, kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb | YZuleikhat Ulybasheva | YZuleikhat Ulybasheva |
| Socialist Party Reform (AKP) | 2014 | kev ncaj ncees | Stanislav Polishchuk | Stanislav Polishchuk |
| XUB RUSSIA | 2014 | Tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg tsis taus | YVladimir M altsev | YVladimir M altsev |
| Nkauj Ntseeg Vajtswv | 2014 | Populism, kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo | YAndrey Kirillov | YAndrey Kirillov |
| Revival of agrarian Russia | 2015 | Tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm agro-industrial sector | YVasily Krylov | YVasily Krylov |
| Hloov | 2015 | kev ncaj ncees | Antonina Serova | Antonina Serova |
| Party of Parents (PWB) | 2015 | Populism, tiv thaiv kev txaus siab ntawm tsev neeg | YMarina Voronova | YMarina Voronova |
| Small Business Party (SMBP) | 2015 | Kev ywj pheej, tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam me | Yuri Sidorov | Yuri Sidorov |
| Non-party Russia (BPR) | 2013 | Patriotism, kev ncaj ncees | Alexander Safoshin | Alexander Safoshin |
| "Hwj chimRau cov neeg" | 2016 | Socialism, kev ncaj ncees, tib neeg txoj kev ywj pheej | YVladimir Miloserdov | YVladimir Miloserdov |
Nov yog cov npe nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia niaj hnub no.
Kev ua phem
Txhua txoj kev ywj pheej yog qhov pheej hmoo, qhov khoob rau cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees. Parliamentarism yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub tebchaws thiab nws cov neeg. Kev nom kev tswv technologies tsis tshua tsim nyog xav tias yog ib qho txiaj ntsig. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshaj lij kev nom kev tswv Andrey Bogdanov tsim cov tog neeg thiab tom qab ntawd muag lawv ntawm kev hloov pauv rau txhua tus. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov npe saum toj no muaj ob peb yam xws li "cov khoom". Txawm hais tias nyob rau xyoo 2012 cov kev cai rau kev sau npe ntawm cov nom tswv tau nruj. Tias yog vim li cas qhov no kuj yog lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuaj tshiab tog. Tab sis kev ywj pheej zoo dua li kev txwv nruj.
