Lub tebchaws twg yog NIS: Canada, Sweden, Kazakhstan lossis Thaib? Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv cov xeev ntawm pab pawg no. Thiab qhov no yog qhov uas peb cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm yuav pab tau koj.
NIS is…
NIS yog dab tsi? Thiab yuav ua li cas decipher no abbreviation kom raug?
NIS yog lub tebchaws uas muaj kev lag luam tshiab. Nyob rau hauv thawj (hauv lus Askiv) nws suab zoo li no: lub teb chaws tshiab industrialized, los yog NIC luv luv. Los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug abbreviation nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm NIK.
NIS yog ib pawg ntawm cov xeev uas qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb uas koom ua ke yog qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam uas tau tshwm sim (los yog tshwm sim) nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv.
NIS suav nrog cov tebchaws uas nyob ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Dab tsi raws nraim? Qhov no yuav tham ntxiv.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm NIS lub tebchaws
Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg NIS lub teb chaws yog cov hauv qab no:
- siab thiab kev lag luam nrawm nrawm;
- hloov pauv hloov pauv hauvmacroeconomics;
- kev hloov pauv hauv lub tebchaws kev lag luam;
- kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshaj lij ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm;
- kev koom tes hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb;
- dav kev nyiam ntawm txawv teb chaws peev thiab peev;
- siab feem ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam hauv cov qauv ntawm GDP (tshaj 20%).
Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog nyiaj txiag xa mus rau qhov no lossis lub xeev ntawd rau pawg NIS raws li ob peb lub ntsiab tsis tseem ceeb (qhov taw qhia). Nov yog:
- PIB (per capita);
- nws qhov kev loj hlob (nruab nrab txhua xyoo);
- sib faib ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam hauv cov qauv ntawm GDP;
- tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm;
- Kev nqis peev ncaj qha rau txawv teb chaws.
NIS lub teb chaws (list)
NIS lub teb chaws tau raug xaiv los ua ib pab pawg neeg tsim tawm. Cov txheej txheem no tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab-1960s. Niaj hnub no, NIS suav nrog cov xeev Asia, America thiab Africa. Muaj plaub theem (lossis nthwv dej) hauv kev tsim cov pab pawg ntawm lub tebchaws no.
Yog li, txhua lub tebchaws NIS (cov npe):
- thawj nthwv dej: lub npe hu ua "East Asian tsov" (Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong thiab South Kauslim), nrog rau peb lub xeev ntawm Asmeskas - Brazil, Argentina thiab Mexico;
- nthwv dej thib ob: Is Nrias teb, Malaysia, Thaib;
- nthwv dej thib peb suav nrog Cyprus, Indonesia, Qaib ntxhw thiab Tunisia;
- yoj plaub: Tuam Tshoj thiab Philippines.
Daim duab qhia chaw hauv qab no qhia qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb no.
Yog li, 16 txawvxeev. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb hais tias tag nrho cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev lag luam loj hlob sai tau tsim nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
NIS: keeb kwm thiab qauv ntawm kev txhim kho
Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm qee yam hauv cov teb chaws tsim kev lag luam hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum (xws li Asmeskas, Nyiv lossis Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), kev tsim khoom ntawm qee yam tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig. Peb tab tom tham txog textiles, electronics, khoom ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj. Thaum kawg, lawv cov khoom tsim tau raug xa mus rau cov tebchaws tsim, uas tuaj yeem " khav theeb" ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pheej yig thiab cov nqi av qis.
Lub sijhawm dhau los, ntau lub koom haum thoob tebchaws tau pib tso lawv cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm no. Thiab cov xeev uas yog thawj tus tsim kom muaj huab cua zoo rau kev nqis peev txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem ua tiav kev lag luam. Cov no yog NIS lub teb chaws ntawm thawj nthwv dej ntawm kev tsim: Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Singapore, Taiwan thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog qhov laj thawj uas dhau sijhawm, cov teb chaws tsim kho tshiab ntawm thawj tiam pib poob lawv qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua lwm lub tebchaws. Tam sim no lawv twb tau pib txav ib feem ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim tawm (feem ntau siv zog ua haujlwm) mus rau cov tebchaws nyob ze. Lawv yog: Thaib, Indonesia, Malaysia. Qhov no twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 80s. Tseem tom qab ntawd, Philippines, Nyab Laj, Sri Lanka thiab lwm tus tau kos rau hauv cov txheej txheem no.
Yog li, hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim NIS, muaj "kev ua lag luam maj mam". Kev tsim khothev naus laus zis, txhua lub tebchaws NIS lub sijhawm dhau los ua rau theem qis hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob mus rau cov xeev ntawm cov tiam tom ntej ntawm industrialization.
NIS: economic development model
Ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws uas tsim kho tshiab, muaj ob peb lub ntsiab ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Nov yog:
- Asian qauv;
- Latin American qauv.
Thawj yog qhov txawv los ntawm ib feem me me ntawm lub xeev cov tswv cuab hauv lub tebchaws kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub xeev cov koom haum rau kev lag luam ntawm cov teb chaws tseem nyob siab. Hauv cov xeev ntawm Asian sector ntawm NIS, muaj qee yam "kev coj ncaj ncees" rau "lawv" cov tuam txhab. Lub teb chaws kev lag luam ntawm cov teb chaws no tab tom txhim kho, tsom feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam sab nraud.
Tus qauv thib ob, Latin American, yog qhov zoo rau cov xeev ntawm South America, nrog rau Mexico. Ntawm no, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv tebchaws nrog kev tsom mus rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv.
"Essian tigers" - thawj ntawm NIS
Lawv hu txawv: "East Asian tsov", "me Asian dragons", "plaub Asian tsov". Tag nrho cov no yog cov npe tsis raug cai rau ib pawg ntawm tib lub tebchaws. Peb tab tom tham txog South Kauslim, Singapore, Taiwan thiab Hong Kong. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau pom qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam siab heev nyob rau hauv peb lub xeem thib peb ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1950s, Kaus Lim Qab Teb yog ib qho kev thim rov qab tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev hwmlub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv 30-xyoo, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev leap los ntawm kev txom nyem mus rau kev loj hlob siab. Lub teb chaws GDP ib tus neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau nce 385 zaug! Niaj hnub no South Kauslim yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim nkoj thiab kev lag luam tsheb hauv Asia.
Txawm li cas los xij, Singapore muaj kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm plaub qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem (kwv yees li 14% hauv ib xyoos). Lub xeev me me no yog ib lub chaw kho cov roj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam kev tshawb fawb-intensive kev lag luam tseem tab tom txhim kho hauv Singapore. Tseem muaj ob peb tug neeg txawv teb chaws tuaj ntawm no (tshaj 8 lab txhua xyoo).
Lwm lub tebchaws NIS - Hong Kong thiab Taiwan - ntau dua lossis tsawg dua los ntawm tsoomfwv PRC. Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam ntawm ob lub teb chaws no yog tourism. Taiwan tseem yog ib lub chaw tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej technology tshiab thiab nuclear fais fab thoob plaws Asia. Thiab lub teb chaws tuav lub ntiaj teb championship nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov marine yachts!
In xaus
Tom qab nyeem peb tsab xov xwm, koj yuav tau teb cov lus nug: "Lub teb chaws twg yog NIS?" Cov pab pawg no suav nrog hnub no tsawg kawg 16 lub xeev nyob hauv Asia, America thiab Africa.
NIS yog ib pawg ntawm lub tebchaws uas txawv ntawm ntau tus yam ntxwv. Cov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam, feem pua ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam hauv cov qauv ntawm GDP, kev koom tes hauv kev faib thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev nqis peev txawv teb chaws hauv kev txhim kho lawv. Economy.
