Birzhevaya Square hauv St. Petersburg - keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb, duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:52

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas Spit ntawm Vasilyevsky Island pierces lub Neva, faib nws mus rau hauv Bolshaya thiab Malaya, nruab nrab ntawm ob embankments - Makarov thiab Universitetskaya, ib qho ntawm feem nto moo St. Petersburg architectural ensembles - Birzhevaya Square flaunts. Ob lub drawbridges coj ntawm no - Txauv thiab Palace, cim lub nroog hauv ntau cov duab. Ntawm no yog lub tsev ntawm lub qub Tshuag Txauv nrog lub Central Naval Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws, lub Rostral Kab recognizable thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no sawv, ib tug zoo kawg li square yog kis. Exchange Square yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau qhov chaw pom thiab tsev cia puav pheej hauv nroog.

Dab tsi ua rau pom lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Vasilyevsky Island?

Keeb kwm ntawm Birzhevaya Square rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Ib feem ntawm cov kob no tau nce siab dua, yog li nws tau pib siv ua ntej nws thaj chaw. Thawj cov qauv yog windmills, kom txog rau thaum 1729 muaj txoj hauj lwm ntawm artillery roj teeb ntawm V. D. Korchmin.

Strelka tau raug xaiv rau kev ua koob tsheej nrog cov foob pob hluav taws; nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov yeeb yuj ua yeeb yam ntawm "Illumination Theatre" tau tshwm sim ntawm no.

Nyob rau xyoo 1716, txoj kev npaj tsim kho rau Vasilevsky Island tau pom zoo thiab thawj lub tsev pob zeb thiab ntoo - cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev - pib tsim rau ntawm Strelka. Lub chaw lag luam tshiab ntawm lub nroog thiab, raws li, lub nroog loj square tshiab yuav tsum nyob ntawm no. Cov tswv yim ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau ua tiav ib leeg, tab sis tsis haum rau huab tais kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1722, thiab lub tuam tsev npaj rau ntawm lub xwmfab yeej tsis tau tsim tsa, txij li thaum Petus tau tso tseg tag nrho nws cov haujlwm.

Txij li xyoo 1728, lub nkoj ntoo ntawm lub nkoj hiav txwv tau nyob ntawm Strelka, cov chaw pabcuam tau nyob ntawm no. Thawj qhov kev sib pauv hauv tebchaws Russia tau ua haujlwm hauv St. Petersburg txij li xyoo 1703, nws tau pauv mus rau Vasilyevsky Island nrog rau qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev lis kev cai. Qhov kev pauv tau thawj zaug nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev lossis lwm lub tsev ntoo.

Lub square, nyob rau ntawd, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam; thaum lub caij taug kev, lawv tau pauv nrog cov tub lag luam txawv teb chaws ntawm nws. Txij li thaum 1753, ntawm lub nroog txoj kev npaj, nws tau hu ua Kollezhskaya.

Yuav ua li cas cov niaj hnub architectural pawg ntawm Birzhevaya Square tshwm

Hauv xyoo 1764, ib qhov project tau tsim kho tshiab ntawm Spit of Vasilyevsky Island, thiab hauv 1767 nws tau pom zoo. Txoj kev npaj hu rau thaj tsam semicircular. Ntawm lwm lub tsev, nws tau npaj thiab nyob rau hauv 1783 kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev pob zeb ntawm Tshuag Txauv pib. Raws li sketch ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse D. Quarenghi. Tab sis nws tau hloov mus ua tsis tiav, nws tau rov tsim kho thiab ua tiav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm reorganizing lub architectural pawg nyob rau hauv 1804-1810 los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Thomas de Thomon.

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm loj no, Cape Strelka ntawm Vasilyevsky Island tau txais nws tam sim no paub daim ntawv - 123.5-meter embankment tau ua, txuas ntxiv nws, lub tsev tshiab Tshuag Txauv tau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom, Kollezhskaya Square tseem nyob. tom qab nws, thiab ib tug tshiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub facade semicircular, tam sim no yuav luag tag nyob rau hauv lub square. Rostral kab tau txhim tsa, ntug dej thiab nqes hav rau dej tau dai kom zoo nkauj. Tsis ntev tom qab ua tiav ntawm Lub Tsev Txiaj Ntsig, lub square tshiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws pib hu ua Birzhevaya.

Nyob rau xyoo 1826-32 lub tsev khaws khoom thiab kev lis kev cai tau tsim nyob ze ntawm lub tsev Exchange.

Xyoo 1937, lub xwmfab tau hloov npe rau hauv kev hwm ntawm A. S. Pushkin, nws kuj tau npaj los txhim kho ib lub cim rau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm no (nws thiaj li tau muab tso rau ntawm Arts Square).

1989 rov qab lub npe keeb kwm ntawm square.

Nyob rau xyoo 2010, architectural ensemble yog nruab nrog kos duab teeb pom kev zoo.

Npaj xav paub ntxiv

Ob kab Rostral, teeb tsa ua kev nco txog kev yeej tub rog, muaj ob daim duab puab ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, cim cov dej ntws loj ntawm Russia - Neva, Volga, Volkhov thiab Dnieper.

pob zeb loj loj dai kom zoo nkauj qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob hauv dej, tsim los ntawm tus tswv Samson Sukhanov, ua yam tsis siv cov ntsuas ntsuas.

Lub square nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev pauv pauv tau muab tso rov qab rau xyoo 1896. Xyoo 1920, muaj ib lub vaj nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si kom cawm tautshaib plab Petrograders. Cov dej nyab xyoo 1924 tau ntxuav ob lub square thiab lub vaj zaub. Rov npaj thiab npaj tau ua tiav xyoo 1925-1926.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-30s, es tsis txhob cobblestones, asph alt tau xub muab tso rau ntawm pavement.

Los ntawm 1927 txog 1949, busts ntawm architects D. Quarenghi thiab C. Rossi nyob rau ntawm Birzhevaya Square. Lawv raug tshem tawm vim kev puas tsuaj rau cov duab los ntawm hooligans. Cov pedestals uas tseem tshuav ntawm lawv sawv ntsug rau ob peb xyoos ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv 003, ob lub qhov muag tau ntsia rau ntawm Birzhevaya Square hauv St. Petersburg ib zaug - lub thauj tog rau nkoj ntawm thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo pom nyob rau hauv 2001 thiab niaj hnub bronze bas-relief depicting ib tug architectural pawg., nrog rau cov hnub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub Cheebtsam inscribed rau nws complex thiab cov npe ntawm cov architects.