Veps neeg: duab, kab lig kev cai, kev lis kev cai, tsos, lub teb chaws costume, nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia, peb tau paub txog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws, peb kawm cov neeg ntawm Russia. Vepsians, rau qee qhov laj thawj, tseem tsis nco qab lawm. Qhov tseeb, peb tab tom tham txog ntau lub tebchaws Russia tsis xav txog nws cov hauv paus hniav. Rau lo lus nug: "Koj paub dab tsi txog Vepsians?" - yuav luag txhua tus yuav teb tias qhov no yog ib haiv neeg uas yuav luag ploj mus. Nws yog hmoov tsis zoo uas tib neeg tau tso tseg tsis txaus siab rau qhov peculiarities ntawm kab lis kev cai, kev ua ub no thiab kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg laus. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus paub tias Vepsian cov ntshav tuaj yeem ntws hauv lawv, thiab qhov no qhia tias Veps cov neeg yog ib feem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm ntau tsev neeg, yog li tsis muaj teeb meem lawv yuav tsum tsis nco qab, vim qhov no yog qhov koj tus kheej rhuav tshem koj yav dhau los. Puas muaj leej twg xav tias peb tshuav qhov kev vam meej ntawm peb thaj av rau cov neeg thaum ub ntawm Russia, yog li tsis nco qab Veps zoo li txiav tawm ib daim ntawm lub teb chaws keeb kwm.

Vajtswv yog leejtwg?

Nov yog ib lub tebchaws me me uas nyob hauv Republic of Karelia. Feem ntau cov neeg Veps,xyaum qee pawg ntawm Karelians yav qab teb, nws hu nws tus kheej lo lus "ladinikad". Tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg siv cov npe "bepsya" lossis "veps", txij li lawv tau paub ntev los ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Raws li txoj cai, Vepsians raug hu ua Chud, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub lawv siv cov npe nrog cov lus tsis zoo: chukhari lossis kayvans.

Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg Karelian

Cov neeg Veps tau raug hu ua Chud txog xyoo 1917. Lub npe laus Vepsya yuav luag tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Jordan, hnub tim rau xyoo pua 6 AD, ib tus tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Veps, lawv kuj tau hais nyob rau hauv Arabic qhov chaw, hauv Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo thiab hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm Western European sau ntawv. Cov archaeological monuments ntawm cov neeg thaum ub muaj xws li ntau faus mounds thiab ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 10th - thaum ntxov 12th centuries nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ladoga, Prionezhye thiab Belozerye. Cov Vepsians tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim ntawm Lavxias Komi. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, cov neeg Karelian tau raug xa mus rau Olonets caj npab factories. Xyoo 1930, lawv tau sim qhia Veps cov lus qhia hauv cov tsev kawm theem qis. Nyob rau xyoo 1980s, qee lub tsev kawm ntawv tau rov qhia cov lus, txawm tias ib qho tshwj xeeb primer tau tshwm sim, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sib txuas lus thiab xav hauv Lavxias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txav mus los, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb siab ntawm Vepsian kab lis kev cai.

Kev lig kev cai, Vepsians tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb, tab sis kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev yos hav zoov tau muab lub luag haujlwm thib ob. tseem ceeb heev rauIntra-tsev neeg noj tau ua si los ntawm kev nuv ntses thiab sib sau ua ke. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm otkhodnichestvo thiab barge ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws pib nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim tawm ntawm tus dej Oyati. Thaum lub sij hawm Soviet Union, cov Vepsians sab qaum teb tau pib koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm pob zeb zoo nkauj, thiab cov nqaij thiab cov mis nyuj tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua tsiaj txhu. 49.3% ntawm cov pejxeem nyob hauv nroog, ntau ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam txiav ntoo.

Cov cag ntawm cov neeg Vepsian rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txuas nrog ib qho ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb - Ladoga, tom qab lub keeb kwm yav dhau los tau cuam tshuam nrog lub xeev Novgorod.

Qhov chaw

Raws li niaj hnub no, cov neeg Karelian nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av Onega nyob rau sab qab teb-sab qaum teb, pib ntawm lub zos Gimreka (Northern Vepsians). Qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws yog Rybreka, Sheltozero thiab lub zos, nyob 60 mais ntawm Petrozavodsk, Shoksha.

Ntau lub zos nyob raws tus dej Oyat, thiab ciam teb nrog rau Vinnitsa koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Lakes, Yaroslavichi, Ladva thiab Nadporozhye.

Ib qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws, Shimozero, nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Veps Upland, tab sis ntau tus neeg tsiv mus rau sab qab teb: mus rau Megra, Oshta thiab Ascension.

Nyob rau hauv lub tributary ntawm lub Megra, ib pawg ntawm cov zos tau localized, hu ua Belozersky. Nws nyob 70 km ntawm lub pas dej Dawb. qhov loj tshajPodala suav hais tias yog kev sib hais haum.

Nyob rau hauv lub tributary ntawm lub Chagodish, muaj kev sib hais haum ntawm Sidorovo, qhov twg Efimov Veps nyob. Pawg Shugozero nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Pasha thiab Kapsha Rivers.

Khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom siv

Veps noj cov zaub mov tshiab thiab ib txwm ua. Lawv lub khob cij yog txawv txawv, nrog qaub. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam hauv khw muag khoom. Ntxiv nrog rau cov pastries tseem ceeb, Veps noj ntses pies (kurniki), kalitadas - qhib pies nrog millet porridge los yog qos yaj ywm mashed, txhua yam ntawm koloboks, cheesecakes thiab pancakes. Raws li rau stews, qhov dav tshaj plaws yog cabbage kua zaub, ntau yam kua zaub thiab ntses kua zaub. Kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub ntawm Veps suav nrog porridge, rau kev npaj cov rye groats (hmoov) siv. Zoo li cov neeg Karelian thiab oatmeal jelly. Ntawm cov tais diav qab zib, lingonberry kua txiv thiab m alt mov paj yog ntau. Raws li nyob rau hauv Russia, Vepsians nyiam qhob cij kvass thiab barley npias. Brewing tau tuav ob zaug hauv ib xyoos, rau cov hnub so tom ntej. Tab sis nyob rau hnub ua hauj lwm zoo tib yam Veps nyiam cov tshuaj yej muaj zog.

Tsis lagging qab kev vam meej thiab yuav luag tsis nco qab los ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Tam sim no, lawv tuaj yeem yuav khoom dawb hauv kev lag luam network uas lawv tsuas yog npau suav ua ntej (khoom qab zib, hnyuv ntxwm, qab zib, ncuav qab zib), thiab Veps tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm qee yam khoom (pasta, kaus poom zaub mov thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo). Cov khoom lag luam ntau tshaj plaws yog yuav hauv khw muag khoom los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov zos hav zoov. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg Veps kuj paub cov tais diav tshiab (borscht, goulash, dumplings, vinaigrette).

chav kawm thiab lub neej

Raws li tau hais dhau los, kev ua liaj ua teb yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam, txawm tias cov tsiaj txhu nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ib tug loj-scale kev loj hlob ntawm txiav ntoo pib. Kev ua liaj ua teb tau tsom mus rau cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis hauv kev noj tsiaj.

Nyob hauv thaj chaw uas Veps nyob, tsis muaj cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam, uas ua rau muaj coob tus neeg muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Kev daws teeb meem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev npaj pub dawb. Qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev tau txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev yooj yim struts thiab contours ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv.

Tsev vaj tse

Lub tsev pheeb suab feem ntau ua rau hauv qab daus siab, qhov chaw cellar nyob raws li kev cai ntawm cov neeg. Cov Vepsians siv larch cav rau phab ntsa ntawm lawv lub tsev. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov tsoos Vepsian tsev pheeb suab yog T-shaped layout. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev muaj ib tug nyob ib feem thiab ib tug ob-storey tsev. Cov neeg nplua nuj Vepsians (ib tug neeg uas nws nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej tsis tshua paub) ua lub tsev nrog lub qhov rais dav nrog cov architraves, me ntsis nias tob rau hauv phab ntsa. Lub façade ntawm lub tsev yeej saib ntawm txoj kev, thiab tag nrho cov tsev pheeb suab uas nyob sib ze sawv raws nraim hauv kab. Txhua tus ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem kho kom zoo nkauj rau lawv lub tsev: qee tus muaj lub sam thiaj nyob hauv qab lub ru tsev.

Chav tsev sab hauv tau muab faib ua 2 qhov chaw nrog ob lub tais nrog cov tais diav thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Nyob ntawmib kab nrog lub thiaj li hu ua muab faib yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab qhov cub - qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Karelian no tau siv tsis yog rau cua sov xwb, tab sis kuj rau so thiab ziab khaub ncaws. Cov Vepsians ntseeg ruaj khov tias brownie (Pertijand) nyob hauv qab qhov cub.

Nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev pheeb suab muaj ib lub ces kaum dawb huv, nyob rau hauv sab sauv ntawm cov icons tau muab tso rau, thiab nyob rau hauv qis ib feem koob thiab threads thiab knots nrog ntsev. Lwm yam khoom me me, nrog rau cov ntoo thiab cov khoom siv hauv av, tau muab tso rau hauv lub txee. Raws li Finnish layout, lub rooj nyob ib qho chaw ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub façade. Lub tsev Veps tsoos tau teeb nrog lub teeb roj. Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub tsev yog lub txaj ntoo. Raws li txoj cai, lub rooj zaum thiab lub hauv siab tau muab tso rau hauv poj niam ib nrab ze ntawm lub txaj, hauv qee lub tsev pheeb suab tau teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov rais.

Khawm

Tab neeg Veps homespun khaub ncaws tsis tau ua txij thaum ntxov 30s. Cov khaub ncaws thoob plaws hauv nroog tau dhau los ua dav. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov Veps mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ris thiab ib tug luv luv caftan hnav ris tsho hauv qab. Cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws zoo ib yam hauv kev txiav rau cov txiv neej, tsuas yog lub tsho (ryatzin) thiab tiab tau hnav hauv qab.

Vepsians, cov neeg (cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv cov khoom no), nyob hauv Karelia, hnav khaub ncaws ntse rau hnub so. Cov poj niam tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tsho Cossack kaj thiab tiab nrog aprons. Ib txoj phuam qhwv caj dab ua ib lub taub hau, thiab cov neeg sawv cev sib yuav ntawm ib nrab ntawm tib neeg tsis muaj zog kuj yuav tsum hnav ib tug tub rog. Nkawm khau tau ua los ntawm tawv tawv, khau tawv tawv tawv tawv, lossis virzut, tsuas yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm xwb.

Qhia thiabcov khoom siv rau tailoring yog heev ze rau Northern Great Lavxias teb sab, tab sis muaj ntau yam zoo li qub nta. Yog li, nyob rau hauv sundresses ib tug tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog Vepsians nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Karelia, tab sis cov poj niam ntawm thaj av Onega - nyob rau hauv longitudinally striped tiab. Cov txiv neej hnav lub kaus mom ua los ntawm hare fur thiab neckerchief (kaglan pike) thaum lub caij ntuj no.

Hnub no, Vepsians tsis hnav tsoos tsho, lub teb chaws costume yog khaws cia rau cov neeg laus. Ntawm cov tsoos, cov phuam qhwv taub hau, ib nrab-daim ntaub kaftans, woolen tiab thiab knitwear tseem siv.

Vepsians (neeg): tsos thiab haiv neeg

Cov neeg Karelian thaum ub yog ib feem ntawm haiv neeg Caucasoid nrog Ural admixture. Vepsians yog qhov me me, nrog qhov nruab nrab lub taub hau loj, lawv lub ntsej muag yog me ntsis flattened, lawv lub hauv pliaj yog qis, lub puab tsaig qis me ntsis nthuav dav, lub cheekbones protrude, lub taub ntswg yog tsa, thiab me ntsis kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub hau. qis ntawm lub ntsej muag kuj yog yam ntxwv. Cov plaub hau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia yog ncaj, feem ntau lub teeb.

Kev ntseeg

Cov neeg zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Veps tsis tau poob lawv lub tebchaws. Koj yuav kawm luv luv txog kab lig kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai me ntsis tom qab, tab sis tam sim no kuv xav tham txog kev ntseeg. Cov Vepsians nyo hau ua ntej spruce, juniper, roob tshauv, alder, lawv ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm brownies, watermen, courtyards thiab lwm yam tswv. Nyob rau hauv lub 11-12 centuries, Orthodoxy kis tau nyob rau hauv lub Veps, tab sis pre-Christian kev ntseeg tau nyob mus ib txhis.

kab lis kev cai

Los ntawm zaj dab neegnrov yog cov pov thawj, ditties, bylichki thiab ntau yam lus dab neeg txog cov conquerors. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub kantele tau hloov los ntawm accordion nrog me me nplai. Cov Vepsians carved ntoo, wove los ntawm birch bark, sculpted los ntawm av nplaum, embroidered thiab wove.

Tsheb

Cov neeg Vepsian tau mus rau thaj chaw nyob sib ze feem ntau yog txoj kev, tab sis kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Lodeynoye Ncej thiab Leningrad tau txuas nrog huab cua. Cov Vepsians yav qab teb tuaj yeem siv lub zeb zeb txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Zaborie chaw nres tsheb. Hauv qee qhov chaw, kev txav mus los tsuas yog ua tau ntawm lub tsheb laij teb nrog lub trailer. Dug-out aspen nkoj tau siv los ntawm Veps nyob ntawm cov dej me me. Cov neeg (duab thiab nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej yog muab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no) kuj tsiv mus nyob rau shuttles (hon-goi), nyob rau sab ntawm uas ntab cav tau txuas.

Kev lig kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm Vepsians

Kev lis kev cai ntawm tib neeg (Vepsians tsis muaj kev zam) tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog lawv. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia ua si ua tshoob nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tab sis tsuas yog ua ntej qhov kev sib tw tau tshwm sim. Thaum tsis kam, tus ntxhais yuav tsum pov 3 lub log rau ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm nws lub tsev. Yog hais tias kev sib tw ua tiav nrog kev tso cai, tus nkauj nyab niam txiv tau mus xyuas tus nraug vauv mus xyuas lub tsev thiab tsev neeg. Ua ntej tshoob, cov hluas yuav tsum tau txais koob hmoov los ntawm niam txiv.

Vepsian ntees muaj ob hom: thawj muab rau kev quaj ntsuag ntawm tus neeg tuag, thiab qhov thib ob - "kev zoo siab" ntawm tus neeg tuag.