Yezid yog haiv neeg uas keeb kwm keeb kwm yog Mesopotamia. Lawv yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Babylonians thaum ub. Kev ntseeg nws tus kheej yog hu ua "Yazidism" thiab yog ib yam ntawm lub xeev kev ntseeg ntawm Ancient Babylon, uas muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv bygone millennia. Raws li lwm version, qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev ntseeg no yog txuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm kev ntseeg ua ntej-Islamic thiab Sufi cov lus qhia nrog cov ntseeg gnostic views.
Yezidis yog leej twg
haiv neeg Yezidi feem ntau yog faib rau thaj chaw ntawm Iraq, Qaib ntxhw, Syria, tab sis cov neeg ntawm kev ntseeg no kuj nyob hauv Russia, Georgia, Armenia, thiab qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.
Cov lej tseeb qhia tias muaj 0.3-0.5 lab Yezidis. Muaj kev lees paub dav dav tias lawv yog ib pab pawg neeg Kurds cais. Tab sis txhua tus Yezidi suav tias yog haiv neeg ntawm nws cov neeg tshwj xeeb, categorically tsis lees paub kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Kurds. Tam sim no nyob rau theem thoob ntiaj teb lawv tau lees paub tias yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib pawg neeg lees paub cais. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov no tau ua los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm orientalists ntawm Armenia, rau leej twg qhov noqhov kev tshawb pom tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog kev tshem tawm ntawm Armenia ntawm qhov kev hem thawj loj heev kom muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv lub tebchaws nrog "Kurdish yam".
Tab sis tseem, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hais txog kev sib txuas los ntawm haiv neeg "Kurd - Yezidi". Piv txwv li, N. Y. Marr ntseeg tias Yezidism yog kev ntseeg Kurdish, uas tau coj los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Kurds ua ntej lawv hloov mus rau Islam.
Yazidi haiv neeg: keeb kwm
Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm cov neeg no kuj yog ib qho teeb meem. Raws li thawj version, lo lus "Yazid" muaj Persian keeb kwm thiab txhais tau tias "vajtswv" hauv kev txhais lus. Qhov thib ob version hais tias lub npe ntawm cov neeg los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov geniuses ntawm kev zoo thiab lub teeb, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cim ntawm Zoroastrian qhia. Adherents ntawm peb version hais tias nws los ntawm lub npe ntawm Caliph Yazid, uas yog tus tub ntawm Caliph Moavia. Tab sis, raws li koj paub, consonance tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus, yog li qhov tseeb version muaj ntau tus neeg tawm tsam. Muaj lwm yam laj thawj uas yog vim li cas cov neeg Yezidis lawv tus kheej tsis xav ntseeg txog kev sib txuas ntawm lawv haiv neeg nrog lub npe ntawm tus neeg tua neeg ntshav siab Caliph Yazid.
Ib yam yog qhov tseeb: haiv neeg no yog ib qho qub tshaj plaws. Cov neeg no ua txhua yam ua tau los khaws lawv tus kheej, hom lus, kab lis kev cai, kab lis kev cai thiab hnub so. Yezidis - haiv neeg (duab hauv qab no) yog qhov sib ze thiab zoo siab.
Lalesh - lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb ntawm Yezidis
Feem ntau ntawm lub thaj neeb yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Northern Iraq. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Lalesha Nurani. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg nws yog hu ua kaj los yog dawb huv Lalesh. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua tus Yezidi ua kev mus ncig rau qhov chaw no tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej. Yog tias peb kos qhov sib piv, ces peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lalesh yog qhov sib xws nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Yeluxalees rau cov ntseeg, Mecca rau Muslims lossis Mount Fuji rau Shintoists. Lalesh yog qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov ntxa Sheikh Adi ibn Muzaffar, uas yog tus tsim thiab hloov kho ntawm txoj kev ntseeg no.
Kev ua koob tsheej ntawm "Aida Ezid"
Hnub so tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg no poob rau nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Nws hu ua "Aida Ezida". Nws suav hais tias yog hnub ntawm kev sib haum xeeb. Ua kev zoo siab rau hnub Friday thib ob ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Peb hnub kawg ua ntej hnub so yog lub sijhawm nruj tshaj plaws. Txog thaum hnub poob, nws txwv tsis pub noj, haus dab tsi, haus luam yeeb. Hnub Thursday yav tsaus ntuj, cov neeg lees paub thiab cov neeg pe hawm siv sijhawm ntawm cov txiv plig, hu nkauj qhuas Vajtswv thiab seev cev. Hnub Friday yog hnub ntawm kev mus xyuas cov phooj ywg hauv tebchaws uas nyuam qhuav poob ib tus neeg nyob ze lawv. Ib lub lim tiam tom qab "Aida Ezid" los txog rau hnub so tseem ceeb - "Aida Shams", suav tias yog hnub ntawm Lub Hnub. Kev npaj ceremonial yuav luag tib yam.
Hidir Nabi Hnub so
Khidyr Nabi yog hnub so uas txhua tus Yazidis hwm. Haiv neeg, kev ntseeg, txoj kev xav - tag nrho cov no, raws li cov neeg no, yuav tsum yog lub hauv paus xaiv ntawm txhua tus neeg. Thiab Khidir Nabi yog lub npe ntawm ib tug tim tswv patron uas pab ua kom tiav cov kev xav ncaj ncees thaum xaiv qhov raug. Nabis yog tus patronlovers, reunites lub halves ntawm ib tug tag nrho. Hnub so, txhua tus tub hluas thiab txhua tus ntxhais yuav tsum noj cov ncuav qab zib kom pom lawv txoj hmoo hauv npau suav. Rau cov kws tshaj lij, qee qhov zoo sib xws nrog hnub so ntawm St. Sargis, uas muaj nyob hauv Armenians, yog qhov pom tseeb.
Nyob Zoo Xyoo Tshiab
Zoo li ntau haiv neeg thaum ub, cov Yezidis khaws lub sijhawm tsis yog los ntawm lub caij ntuj no, tab sis los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, lossis zoo li, txij lub Plaub Hlis. Xyoo Tshiab coincides nrog lub teb chaws hnub so ua kev zoo siab rau thawj hnub Wednesday ntawm lub hli. Lub keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Malak-Tavus - tus tub qhe ntawm Vajtswv, uas ncaj qha ua raws li lub siab nyiam ntawm lub Supreme Almighty. Malak-Tavusa txhais ua Vajntxwv Peacock. Nyob rau hauv lub npe no, Ezrael yog revered ntawm lub Yezidis, raws li lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm xya tus tim tswv tsim los ntawm tus uas muaj hwjchim loj kawg nkaus. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tug tim tswv poob. Nws raug txheeb xyuas nrog Lucifer hauv kev ntseeg thiab Shaitan hauv Islam. Nws yog qhov kev ntseeg no uas ua rau ntau tus neeg nyob sib ze kom muaj kev xav ntawm Yezidis li "dab ntxwg nyoog pe hawm". Leej twg paub … Haiv neeg (cov neeg Yezidis, txawm li cas los xij, yeej tsis koom nrog pawg no) tsis tuaj yeem hu ua xws li, vim tias muaj ntau tus phooj ywg thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev ntseeg nws tus kheej. Lawv lawv tus kheej paub tseeb tias thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm yuav muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Vajtswv thiab tus tim tswv uas poob. Vim li no, nws raug txwv tsis pub nyob hauv Yezidi kev ntseeg kom foom tsis zoo rau Xatas. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm yam kev ntseeg feem ntau mob siab rau thuam txoj kev ntseeg rau qhov no. Hnub ua ntej hnub so rau cov poj niam yog lub sijhawm ci ncuav mog qab zib loj ritual (gata). Nws cov duab yog sib npaug, npaj los ntawm nplua nuj mov paj. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv lub Ghats ntawm lub Yezidishlaws tau ci. Tus poj niam laus tshaj plaws hauv tsev neeg yog tus saib xyuas tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Thaum pib ntawm hnub so, tus txiv neej tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg faib gata rau txhua tus txheeb ze. Leej twg tau txais ib daim nrog hlaws dai yuav muaj hmoo txhua xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg no koom nrog lwm txoj kev ntseeg nrog lub Plaub Hlis: Lub Plaub Hlis yog, zoo li nws yog, "ntxhais nkauj" ntawm lwm lub hlis, yog li cov Yezidis muaj kev txwv nruj rau kev tuav tshoob hauv lub Plaub Hlis; thiab, koj ua tsis tau ib lub tsev, cog thaj av, hloov koj qhov chaw nyob.
Yazidis thiab Armenians
Yezid yog haiv neeg uas muaj kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg sawv cev hauv Armenia. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg no rau ib leeg tau tsim txij thaum ub los. Lawv yeej ib txwm ua phooj ywg zoo. Lawv tau txuas nrog txoj hmoo zoo sib xws, vim tias ob leeg, hauv kev tawm tsam rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg, raug kev tsim txom thiab kev tsis txaus ntseeg, uas tau yuam kom lawv tawm hauv lawv lub tebchaws keeb kwm, khiav tawm ntawm lawv cov neeg tsim txom. Ntau Yezidis tom qab ntawd nyob hauv Eastern Armenia.
Armenia yog tib lub xeev uas muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv uas kawm cov lus Yezidi. Muaj li ntawm 23 tus ntawm lawv, nyob hauv lub tebchaws, muaj ntau lub tsev tshaj tawm luam tawm cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv tseeb ua lus Yezidi. Muaj nyiaj pab txhawb kev txhim kho Yezidi science thiab kos duab.
Yazidi cov chaw nyob tau raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm av qeeg loj heev uas tau tsoo Armenia xyoo 1988. Raws li kev pom zoo los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm USSR Nikolai Ryzhkov, uas tau mus xyuas thaj tsam kev puas tsuaj, ntau ntawm lawv(kwv yees li 5,5 txhiab tus neeg) tau tsiv mus rau Krasnodar Territory.
Txawm hais tias nws yuav nyuaj siab, tab sis peb, raws li classic, "tub nkeeg thiab incurious." Thiab txawm niaj hnub no, lawv nyob deb ntawm kev paub txog cov neeg thaum ub zoo li Yezidis nyob ib sab nrog peb. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug thiab tsis meej. Tab sis ib yam yog qhov tseeb. Yezidi yog ib haiv neeg uas cov neeg sawv cev tau tswj kom dhau txhua qhov kev xeem, thaum khaws lawv cov keeb kwm zoo li qub thiab tus kheej. Thiab tsim nyog nws.
Yazidi kab lig kev cai
Yazidis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem caste-theocratic ntawm tib neeg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tsuas yuav tau ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tib pawg neeg. Kev sib yuav nrog cov neeg ntawm lwm txoj kev ntseeg yog txwv tsis pub txhua.
Cov pov thawj ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam xaiv tib txoj kev ntawm txoj sia. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub tsev teev ntuj tsis tuaj yeem ua tus txiv plig.
Raws li cov Yezidis, lawv yog cov neeg xaiv, thiab qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov pauv, uas yog, nws tau dhau los ntawm cov neeg laus mus rau cov hluas.
Tseem tsis muaj kev sau ntawv pov thawj txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg. Lawv cov vaj lug kub, ib yam nkaus, yuav luag tsis tshua xav txog ntawm daim ntawv. Lawv hlub lawv txoj kev ntseeg heev thiab ntseeg tias nws nyuaj heev kom khaws cov ntawv dawb ceev los ntawm Lwm Haiv Neeg txhais tes. Thiab lawv tuaj yeem nthuav qhia qhov tsis meej ntawm lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj ua. Keeb kwm tseeb hais txog cov neeg, canons ntawm kev ntseeg, ntawv ntawm kev thov Vajtswv, kev cai dab qhuas rites - tag nrho cov no tau dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov ncauj rau ntau centuries.
ntawv dawb ceev
Muaj ob peb nqe vaj lug kub. Kev cai dab qhuas qhia nws tus kheej tau nthuav tawm nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm ob phau ntawv dawb ceev - Jilva thiab Mashafe Rash. Thawj yog "Phau Ntawv Qhia Tshwm", qhov thib ob yog "Black Book". Lawv cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo li yuav nkag siab los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm txoj kev ntseeg, vim tias cov phau ntawv tau sau ua lus Kurdish yav qab teb.
Vim ib yam ntshai Lwm Haiv Neeg, cov Yezidis suav nrog ntau yam kev txawj ntse zais cia hauv lawv cov ntawv uas tsis yog ib tus neeg txawv tebchaws tuaj yeem sau lawv cov ntawv.
Kev txwv thiab kev cai
Cov ntseeg Yezidi txwv tsis pub ntau rau nws cov thwjtim. Tsuas yog ua raws li tag nrho cov ntawv sau thiab kev txwv tsis pub dhau lub neej tso cai rau koj ua raws li kev ntseeg tseeb.
Ntau tshaj yog txwv tsis pub noj mov. Tseem muaj ntau yam taboos nyob rau hauv tsos. Piv txwv li, koj hnav tsis tau khaub ncaws xiav.
Kuj paub txwv tsis pub cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus: hluav taws, dej thiab lub ntiaj teb. Feem ntau, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no yog nyob rau hauv Zoroastrian kev qhia, uas txwv tsis pub cov ntsiab lus saum toj no.
Qhib qhov chaw tshiab ntawm kev mus ncig hauv Armenia
Tsis ntev los no, ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb heev rau Yezidis tau tshwm sim hauv Armenia, uas tau coj cov neeg taug kev los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tuaj koom ua ke. Lawv tau qhib qhov chaw tshiab ntawm kev mus ncig ze ntawm lub zos Aknalich hauv thaj av Armavir. Nws yog qhov xwm txheej no uas ua rau lub Cuaj Hlis 29 (hnub qhib), raws li kev txiav txim ntawm National Council ntawm Yezidis ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, kom ua kev zoo siab los ntawm cov neeg no ua hnub ntawm Yezidis Pilgrimage. Lub tuam tsev tau txais ib lub npe consonant nrog lub ntsiab sanctuary ntawm lub Yezidis, uasnyob rau sab qaum teb Iraq, Lalish.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm pawg neeg sawv cev kuj yog mus xyuas lub cim nco txog ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Armenian genocide hauv Tsitsernakaberd, qhov twg xyoo 1915-1918. Ntau tshaj 1.5 lab Armenians raug tua, ntawm cov uas muaj ob peb tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Yezidi haiv neeg.
Lub teb chaws twg tsis muaj chaw dawb huv hauv nws lub tebchaws. Lub tuam tsev tshiab yog thawj qhov chaw pe hawm rau Yezidis sab nraum Kurdistan. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau 30 tus neeg thiab zoo li Yazidi lub khob hliav qab-zoo li lub chaw dawb huv. Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho yog cib, thiab sab saum toj ntawm lub tsev yog lined nrog marble. Nyob ze yog ib lub tsev kho mob uas tuaj yeem ua tau 2,000 tus neeg.
Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no hauv zej zog ntawm Yezidis yog qhov tuav lub Rau Hli 30, 2008 hauv Yerevan ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Yezidis ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas tau koom nrog cov ntseeg los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb. Nws tau nyob ntawd uas tau hu rau 2 lab Yezidis los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb los koom ua ke txhawm rau khaws thiab xa mus rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm keeb kwm, kev ntseeg, kab lis kev cai, kos duab. "Txhua tus Yazidis hauv ntiaj teb, koom nrog peb - hola, hola, hola, hola Sultan Yezide sora!" Qhov no yog lub credo thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Yezidis.
Cov haiv neeg no tseem muaj sia nyob tsis yog vim qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam nyuaj mus txog rau thaj chaw roob. Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov Yezidis tuav txoj kab thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm ntau tus neeg kov yeej, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv kev ntseeg mus txog niaj hnub no.
Summming, yuav tsum hais tias Yezidism yog kev ntseeg, Yezidi yog haiv neeg. Muslims tsis yog haiv neeg, tab sis kev cog lus rau kev ntseeg (Islam), yog li kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus no tsis raug.
