Alpine Dagestan: xwm, nyem, teeb meem ib puag ncig

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Alpine Dagestan: xwm, nyem, teeb meem ib puag ncig
Alpine Dagestan: xwm, nyem, teeb meem ib puag ncig

Video: Alpine Dagestan: xwm, nyem, teeb meem ib puag ncig

Video: Alpine Dagestan: xwm, nyem, teeb meem ib puag ncig
Video: Icon APR-2150 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ib lub tebchaws zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Federation - Dagestan. Lub npe no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xya thiab txhais tau tias "lub teb chaws ntawm roob." Qhov no yog thaj av ntawm reserves, lub ces kaum ntawm amazing xwm.

Dab ntau Dagestan

thaj chaw ntawm High Dagestan - sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Caucasus thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Caspian lowland. Qhov no yog feem ntau nyob sab Europe sab qab teb ntawm Russia. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev yog 400 km ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Latitude - txog 200 km. Cov kab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Caspian stretch rau 530 km. Lub ciam teb ntawm lub koom pheej yog ob tug dej: Kuma (nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb) thiab Samur (nyob rau hauv sab qab teb). Cov pejxeem muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg.

roob dagestan
roob dagestan

thaj chaw nws tus kheej tau muab faib ua peb ntu, cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntuj tsim txawv ntawm ib leeg. 51% ntawm tag nrho cov koom pheej yog lowland. Sab qaum teb sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, uas sib cais los ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab hav, tuav 12% thiab hu ua foothills. Alpine Dagestan yog 37% ntawm cov koom pheej. Lub roob toj siab yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm lub toj siab loj mus rau lub ncov nqaim uas ncav cuag 2500 meters.

Dagestan arc

Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm lub tebchaws yog roob. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias feem ntau ntawm cov toj siablaj teb. Muaj ntau dua 30 lub ncov uas tau hla 4,000-meter cim. Thiab kaum ob lub roob, cov footage uas yuav luag txog qhov cim no. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub roob yog 25.5 txhiab km². Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm lub tebchaws yog 960 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Lub roob siab tshaj plaws yog Bazarduzu, nws qhov siab yog 4466 m.

Pob zeb, lub hauv paus ntawm lub roob, tau muab faib ua thaj tsam. Feem ntau yog cov dub thiab argillaceous shales, dolometic thiab alkaline limestones, thiab sandstones. Snow Ridge, Bogos thiab Shalib yog shale.

Cov toj roob hauv pes, ntev 225 km, txiav rau hauv txoj kab hla, yog li tsim cov phab ntsa pob zeb uas qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov toj siab sab hauv ntawm Dagestan. Nws yog nyob ntawd uas cov neeg tuaj ncig coob tshaj plaws.

nyem ntawm siab roob Dagestan
nyem ntawm siab roob Dagestan

Cov kev ncig ncig ntawm Dagestan hla lub roob, uas yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cheeb tsam. Muaj yeeb yuj peaks, picturesque ridges, ib daim phiaj ntawm lub roob ntws thiab hla ntawm tag nrho cov nyuaj theem yog lub ntsiab ntawm pilgrimage rau taug txuj kev nyuaj nrhiav.

roob huab cua zone

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tebchaws nyob ntawm thaj chaw av. Thaj chaw uas qhov siab tshaj 1000 meters yog roob. Cov cheeb tsam no occupies txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom pheej. Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov saum npoo, qhov kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem raug cais raws li temperate continental.

Lub roob siab Dagestan yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv piv rau cov lowlands. Ntawm qhov siab ntawm 3000 meters, qhov kub tsis nce siab tshaj 0 ° C thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Lub hli txias tshaj plaws yog Lub Ib Hlis, nws qhov taw qhiaHloov ntawm -4 ° C mus -7 ° C. Muaj daus me me, tab sis nws tuaj yeem npog hauv av txhua xyoo. Lub hli sov yog Lub Yim Hli. Lub caij ntuj sov txias ntawm lub ncov tab sis sov hauv hav.

nag xob nag cua tsis sib xws. Feem ntau ntawm cov nag poob los ntawm lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Xya Hli. Thunderclouds feem ntau hla dhau. Cov dej nag tuaj yeem rub rau ob peb lub lis piam. Cov dej nag ua rau cov dej ntws, rhuav tshem cov choj thiab txoj kev eroding.

River system

Txoj kev nyem ntawm lub roob siab Dagestan tau pab txhawb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej ntws sib sib zog nqus. Txog 6255 tus dej ntws ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 50,270 km². Tab sis ntawm no nws tsim nyog sau cia tias feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj qhov ntev tshaj li 10 km. Lub roob siab Dagestan tau nce mus rau ob tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws. Sulak tawg tawm ntawm roob nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab Samur nyob rau sab qab teb.

Geographical qhov chaw ntawm highland Dagestan
Geographical qhov chaw ntawm highland Dagestan

Txhua haiv neeg siv hu ua Sulak "yaj dej" lossis "kwj dej nrawm". Nws ntev yog 169 km. Qhov no yog tus tswv ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws canyon nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws qhov ntev yog li 50 km. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 1920 meters. Lub Samur yav tas los hu ua "Chveher River". Qhov no yog tus dej thib ob ntawm Dagestan. Nws ntev yog 213 km.

Feem ntau, 92% ntawm tag nrho cov dej ntws yog roob, qhov seem 8% ntws nyob rau hauv cov lowlands thiab foothills. Qhov nruab nrab tam sim no ceev yog 1-2 m / s. Hauv dej nyab, qhov nrawm nce ntxiv. Cov dej ntws tau ntxiv ntau dua nrog cov dej yaj. Qhov kev zam yog tus dej Gyulgerychay.

Txhua tus dej ntws mus rau hauv Caspian phiab, tab sis tsuas yog 20 ntawm lawv ntws mus rau hauv hiav txwv. Deltas tau tsim nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hiav txwv Caspian, uas hloov lawv cov lus qhia txhua xyoo.

Nyiaj txiag ntawm roobntug

Dagestan muab faib ua peb thaj chaw, txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

xwm ntawm highland dagestan
xwm ntawm highland dagestan

Npauj npaim yog ib qho chaw cog txiv ntoo thiab roob hav zoov av. Ntawm toj siab thiab toj siab, roob chernozem pom. Muaj steppe, hav zoov thiab meadow roob av.

Cov av qis yog siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov cheeb tsam roob muaj ntau cov hav zoov cog qoob loo (muaj ntau tshaj 10% ntawm tag nrho lawv). Lub hav zoov yog ua los ntawm oaks. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam, ib tug ntshiab beech-hornbeam hav zoov. Birch thiab ntoo thuv muaj nyob rau sab hauv. Lub toj siab yog ib qho chaw pasture rau pab yaj. Cov roob uas pluag tshaj plaws yog lub ncov. Tsuas yog cov kab mob khaub thuas-resistant mosses thiab lichens muaj sia nyob ntawd.

Tsiaj qus ntawm roob siab Dagestan yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov cheeb tsam no nyob ntawm Dagestan tur, tsaus xim av dais, noble Caucasian mos lwj, roe mos lwj, bezoar tshis, muaj tsov txaij. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xav tsis thoob hauv ntiaj teb cov noog. Ulars, kekliks, alpine jackdaws thiab eagles xav txog qhov chaw siab tshaj qhov chaw nyob.

Ecology thiab kev txuag

Qhov kev txaus siab ntawm thaj av yog thaj chaw cia thiab chaw ua si. Txhua xyoo muaj ntau thiab ntau thaj chaw nyob rau hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv. Lub ntiaj teb kev nplua nuj xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev saib xyuas. Kev khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv tam sim no.

ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm high-mountain Dagestan
ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm high-mountain Dagestan

Tab sis hnub no muaj teeb meem loj ib puag ncig hauv toj siab ntawm Dagestan. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw qias neeg ntawm cov dej haus. Kev puas tsuaj yog tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Thaum cov dej huv huv tau poob rau hauv ib lub roob ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev. Tsis yogMineral tub sab thiab deforestation ua phem tsawg. Cov huab cua yog polluted los ntawm factories thiab nroj tsuag. Kev siv pov tseg pov tseg tsis zoo.

Qhov phom sij loj tshaj plaws rau cov chaw zoo nkauj no yog qhov tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos rau qhov xwm txheej. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias tag nrho ntawm Dagestan yog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam roob. Indiscriminate deforestation ua rau lub fact tias cov slopes yog puas. Txhua xyoo cov txheej txheem ntawm erosion tsuas yog intensifies. Yog li ntawd, lub teb chaws yuav sai sai no tag nrho nws cov tsos los yog ploj tag nrho.

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