Dab tsi yog Shindand metropolis hauv Afghanistan? Dab tsi ntawm kev ua tub rog tau ua ntawm no? Peb yuav teb cov lus nug no thiab lwm yam hauv kab lus. Shindand yog lub nroog thiab lub peev ntawm Shindand koog tsev kawm ntawv hauv xeev Gerant nyob rau hauv koom pheej ntawm Afghanistan. Nws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Iranian medieval nroog Sabzevar.
Kev piav qhia
Shindand paub rau txhua tus hauv Afghanistan ua lub nroog zoo nkauj. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj muaj lub tshav dav hlau loj (kev dav hlau pej xeem thiab tub rog), ua haujlwm los ntawm OKSVA huab cua nkoj thaum tsov rog Afghan (1979-1989). Niaj hnub no, nws nyob hauv cov tub rog huab cua ntawm Asmeskas, Afghan thiab Italian rog ntawm lub koom haum tiv thaiv Taliban.
Cov ciam teb ntawm Shindand (Afghanistan) tau kaw nyob rau hauv txoj kev nplhaib, uas, nrog kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag los ntawm Iranian cov tub ceev xwm, tsis ntev los no tau tso rau hauv ciam teb thaj tsam ntawm Afghanistan (hauv txhua thaj tsam sab hnub poob) nrog Iran. Cov tub rog Afghan pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm chaw kho mob dawb uas muab kev pabcuam kho mob rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Geographically, lub nroog nyob raunyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Zirko Valley, yog ib lub chaw ua haujlwm poppy tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Western Afghanistan.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Lub Tuam Txhab Txwv Cov Tub Rog Soviet hauv Afghanistan (OKSVA) yog lub npe nom tswv ntawm pawg tub rog USSR, nyob rau xyoo 1989 hauv tebchaws Afghanistan.
Forces and means
Dab tsi yog Shindand (Afghanistan) nto moo rau? Nws paub tias lub xeev ntawm Herat tau suav nrog hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm 5th Motorized Rifle Guards Division ("RPD" ntawm cov nroog: Shindand thiab Herat) OKSVA thiab tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm nws qhov kev xa mus tas li.
Lub hauv paus rog thiab cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm pawg no yog:
- 101st Tsav Rifle Regiment (Herat);
- 12th Tsav Rifle Guards Regiment (Herat);
- 371st Tsav Rifle Guards Regiment (Shindand);
- 1060th Artillery Regiment (Shindand);
- 650th Independent Prague Reconnaissance Battalion ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Alexander Nevsky (Shindand);
- 68th Separate Sapper-Engineer Guards Battalion (Shindand) thiab lwm tus.
Kev ua tub rog
Ntau tus neeg nyiam saib daim duab Shindand (Afghanistan). Nws yog paub tias nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 1980 mus rau lub Plaub Hlis 1984 nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Herat, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm Shindand thiab Herat, tshwj xeeb cov dej num tau ua los ntawm lub detachments "Cascade" (tshwj xeeb rog ntawm lub KGB ntawm lub USSR), " Karpaty-1", "Karpaty".
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke txhawm rau txhawm rau ntes Kokari-Sharshari fortified cheeb tsam tau puv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm thaj chaw thaj tsam roob hauv Iranian-Afghanciam teb cheeb tsam, qhov twg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm diplomatic tsim nyog, cov thawj coj tau ntxiv dag zog rau OKSVA formations.
Cov chav ntxiv thiab OKSVA pawg tau koom nrog hauv kev tsaws ntawm cov tub rog siv dav hlau hauv thaj chaw roob ntawm lub xeev Herat. Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm caj npab "Cab" hauv 1986, Lub Yim Hli 19-25, hauv lub xeev Herat tau koom nrog:
- 149th Guards Motorized Rifle Regiment thiab 201st Motorized Rifle Division (Kunduz);
- 345th Separate Airborne Regiment (Bagram);
- 28th Artillery Regiment ntawm 40th Army (Shindand);
- border detachment Tahta-Bazar KSAPO.
Air Force
Cov tub rog hauv cheeb tsam Shindand (Afghanistan) sib ntaus li cas? Nws paub tias rau kev thauj mus los xav tau, kev koom tes nrog OKSVA hauv av cov tub rog thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tawm tsam, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua-pob zeb aviation tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tub rog. Cov hom phiaj tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm 40th Army kuj suav nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam (BShU).
Cov lus txib ntawm 40th Army hauv xeev Herat siv aviation ntawm cov cua hauv qab no:
- 17th cais tub rog ntawm KSAPO (Turkmen SSR) - Mary airbase, txib los ntawm Colonel N. Romanyuk;
- 302nd Separate Helicopter Squadron - Herat Province, Shindand Air Base;
- 303rd Separate Helicopter Squadron - Herat Province, Herat Air Base;
- 335th Separate Helicopter Regiment - Nangarhar Province, Jalalabad Air Base;
- 378th Assault Separate Aviation Regiment -Lub xeev Parwan-Kandahar, Bagram-Kandahar Air Base;
- 50th Aviation Separate Mixed Regiment, tshav dav hlau Kabul;
- 200th Aviation Separate Assault Squadron - Shindand Terminal;
- 154th Separate Fighter-Bomber Regiment - Kandahar Terminal;
- 378th Aviation Separate Assault Regiment - Shindand airfield.
Nkauj lub rooj vag
Koj puas paub tias tshav dav hlau Shindanda (Afghanistan) zoo li cas? Daim duab ntawm cov khoom tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no. Qhov tseeb, lub davhlau ya nyob twg nyob ze Shindand, ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1158 m saum toj no hiav txwv. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug 2700 x 48 m runway. Lub 302nd OVE (ib cais helicopter squadron - Mi-8MT, Mi-24, txuas Mi-6) ua nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob ntawm Afghanistan. Maneuvering cheeb tsam: nyob rau hauv latitude - los ntawm lub Soviet ciam teb (Turagundi-Kushka) mus rau yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub koom pheej - suab puam Gerishka, Zaranja, Lashkargakh (Loshkarevka) thiab ntxiv, nyob rau hauv longitude - los ntawm Iranian ciam teb mus rau lub roob Chagcharan.
Nyob rau xyoo 1986, Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, qhov sib xyaw ntawm 302nd OVE nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Shvetsov hloov "Alexander Black Pua pua" thiab ua tiav nws cov haujlwm hauv qib "Shvetsov's Wild Division" hauv 1987, thaum Lub Kaum Hli. 23.
Hnub no lub hauv paus huab cua yog siv los ntawm International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). Lub 838th Advisory thiab Expeditionary Group ntawm US Air Force yog nyob rau hauv lub tshav dav hlau. Cov pab pawg koom nrog hauv ISAF thiab NATO Kev Qhia Lub Hom Phiaj hauv Afghanistan.
3rd Wing ntawm Afghan National Air Force tseem nyob hauv Shindand.
Txoj kev ntxiab
Nyob hauv kev ua tub rog yog dab tsiPuas yog lub nroog Shindand (Afghanistan) koom nrog? Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv 1986, nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 18-26, Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan ua tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub code lub npe "Trap". Nws yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke loj-caj npab dav hlau-hauv av, uas tau ua nyob rau sab hnub poob xeev Herat. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm OKSVA thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm DRA (Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of State Security thiab Armed Forces of the DRA) yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov kev txhawb nqa logistics thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm Afghan cov tub rog tawm tsam ntawm "United Western Group" ntawm tus thawj coj nto moo Ismail Khan.
Qhov kev nqis tes ua tau ua nyob rau hauv peb theem ntawm qhov zoo siab pem hauv ntej ntawm thaj chaw roob roob thiab qis qis: nyob rau ciam teb nrog Iran, thaj tsam roob ntawm Sharsari thiab hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Herat qub. Ntawm lub tiaj tus thawj thiab thib peb theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab Herat raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov pab pawg hauv zos, ntawm lub hauv paus roob, Kokari-Shaishari hauv paus cheeb tsam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev thauj mus los thiab chaw ruaj khov ntawm ciam teb nrog Iran, tau kov yeej..
Txoj haujlwm no tau lees paub tias yog ib qho kev ua tiav loj tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ua ke ntawm caj npab ntawm OKSVA hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Afghan (1979-1989).
Military campaign
Kev Ua Haujlwm "Cab" koom nrog kev tsim thiab chav nyob ntawm OKSVA: 5th Motorized Rifle Guards Division, nyob hauv lub xeev Herat, 149th Motorized Rifle Guards Regiment (Kunduz) thiab 345th Airborne Parachute Guards Regiment (Bagram)), ib tug impressive quab yuam ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam los ntawm cov huab cua puag ntawm Shindanda, Kabul, Bagram, Mary (Turkmen SSR) thiab Jalalabad. Los ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm DRA, 17th Infantry Division, 5th Brigade tau koom nrogtank thiab lwm yam.
Kev tuag ntawm Su-25 nres dav hlau
Yog li, koj twb paub lawm tias Shindand airbase (Afghanistan) tau koom nrog hauv kev ua phem. Lub Su-25 tawm tsam aircraft ntawm 378th OSHAP, uas tau tawm ntawm Shindand airbase, koom tes nrog hauv av tawm tsam cov tub rog. Lawv qhov kev foob pob tawg yog tsim los rhuav tshem kev sib txuas lus engineering ntawm txoj kab uas nyob ib sab rau Iran - hauv thaj tsam ntawm Kokari-Sharshari puag cheeb tsam, thiab tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tua cov ntsiab lus.
Tib lub sijhawm, ZU-23-4 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab ntau tus yeeb ncuab MANPADS tau rov qab los tas li txhawm rau tua hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv 1986, nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 23, lub Su-25 nres aircraft ntawm 378th OSHAP, coj los ntawm tus tauj ncov loj A. G. Smirnov, raug tua los ntawm cov lus Askiv Blowpipe MANPADS (surface-to-air missile) los ntawm cov av ntawm ciam teb Iran. Lub rooj tsavxwm thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nyob ntawm txoj kab kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb thiab tau tawm ntawm kev dhia dej.
Lub dav hlau pib dov, vim nws poob tswj thiab raug tshem tawm. Tus kws tsav dav hlau tuaj yeem tshem tawm thiab tau khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw tsaws los ntawm lub dav hlau.
Ncua
Thaum kev ua tub rog pib hauv lub xeev Herat (hauv xyoo 1986, Lub Yim Hli 18), tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog huab cua tau tsa pawg thawj coj. Tus thawj coj ua raws li tus neeg saib xyuas uas tau cim lub hom phiaj thiab coj 24 tus neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv, taw qhia raws lub txaj ntawm tus dej Harirud.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tiaj tus theem ntawm kev sib tw yog los muab kev ruaj ntseg rau kev txav ntawm txhua lub tsheb armored thiab tsheb ntawm Kushka-Herat-Kandahar txoj kev loj, thauj tub rog, tib neeg thiab pej xeem.cargo hauv Helmand thiab Kandahar xeev.
Cov kws tsav dav hlau yuav tsum tau tshem thaj av Herat los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem ntawm Mujahideen nrog kev foob pob. Lub davhlau tau siv sijhawm ntau lub lis piam. Thaum qhov kev sib tw kawg tau ua tiav, cov tsheb tub rog thiab cov tub rog tau mus los ntawm Kandahar thiab Shindand, cov nyoob hoom qav taub tau tawm mus. Los ntawm saum toj no, nws tau pom meej tias qhov kev ua haujlwm loj npaum li cas.
Xaus 5-1 Tus Saib Xyuas. MSD los ntawm garrison raws txoj kev Shindand - Herat - Turugundi - Kushka pib, raws li lub sij hawm, thaum Lub ib hlis ntuj 29, 1989. Qhov kawg yog RR 371 SMEs, RR 101 SMEs. Qhov kev rho tawm tau xaus rau xyoo 1989, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15. Chav tsev tau tsiv mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv lub nroog Kushka.
