Dab tsi yog monopolization thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev lag luam?

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog monopolization thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev lag luam?
Dab tsi yog monopolization thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev lag luam?

Video: Dab tsi yog monopolization thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev lag luam?

Video: Dab tsi yog monopolization thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev lag luam?
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Anonim

Nyob hauv kev lag luam, muaj ntau tus txheej txheem sib txawv uas cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog monopolization. Qhov tshwm sim no muaj ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo, thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab tswj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Yog li dab tsi yog monopolization, dab tsi yog nws qhov tseem ceeb thiab dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam?

monopolization yog dab tsi
monopolization yog dab tsi

Definition of concept

Txhawm rau nkag siab cov lus nug "dab tsi yog monopolization", nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias kev lag luam ntawm kev sib tw zoo meej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm homogeneity ntawm cov khoom muab, ntau tus neeg tsim khoom, kev ywj pheej ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws theoretically thiab raug coj los ua qauv, tab sis tsis tshwm sim hauv kev muaj tiag. Nws tag nrho opposite yog tsim ib tug monopoly. Ntawd yog, kev ua lag luam (lossis nws cov kev taw qhia cais) yog nyob ntawm ib lossis ob peb lub tuam txhab loj uas teeb tsa tus nqi txoj cai, tswj hwmntau lawm ntim, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm monopolization. Nws npog, raws li txoj cai, ib ceg ntawm kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub post-Soviet qhov chaw, yuav luag txhua qhov chaw muaj ib tug monopoly nyob rau hauv vaj tse thiab kev pab cuam. Lub monopolization ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog characterized los ntawm lub fact tias tsuas yog ib lub tuam txhab muab hluav taws xob rau cov pej xeem thiab cov lag luam, roj - qhov thib ob, dej - qhov thib peb, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg siv khoom tsis muaj lub sijhawm los xaiv tus neeg muag khoom, muaj. tsis muaj nqi sib tw, thiab lwm yam.

theem ntawm monopolization
theem ntawm monopolization

Negative facts

Cov teeb meem ntawm kev lag luam monopolization ncaj qha ua raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim nws tus kheej. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • qib qis lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm kev sib tw ua kom qeeb ntawm txoj kev txhim kho, txo qis kev xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kho kom zoo dua qub.
  • Tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem tsim tus nqi ntawm nws cov khoom, tsis hais tus neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm, uas ua txhaum tus nqi sib npaug.
  • Nyuaj nkag mus rau kev lag luam ntawm cov lag luam tshiab nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws.
  • txoj kev monopolization
    txoj kev monopolization

zoo

Dab tsi yog monopolization ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam? Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias cov txheej txheem no muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb, vim muaj ntau qhov kev sib cav hauv nws qhov kev pom zoo. Piv txwv li:

  • Ib lub chaw tsim khoom loj (lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw) muaj peev txheej nyiaj txiag thiab kev txawj ntse rau kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho thiab kev sivtechnologies tshiab los txo cov nqi tsim khoom.
  • Cov tuam txhab Monopolist, vim lawv qhov ntsuas, tiv taus ntau dua rau kev lag luam hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam lossis tag nrho kev lag luam, rau nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj txiag teeb meem, thiab lwm yam.
  • kev lag luam monopolization
    kev lag luam monopolization

Txhais tau

Thaum muaj monopolization, feem ntau muaj kev poob rau tib neeg. Qhov no tau qhia nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem nce tus nqi rau cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam yuav luag tsis muaj kev txwv, tsis hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi, thiab cov neeg siv khoom raug yuam kom yuav lawv ntawm cov xwm txheej tsim. Txij li cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom tsis nce, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom yuav khoom txo qis, uas txhais tau hais tias qib ntawm cov khoom lag luam tag nrho kuj poob. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus monopolist tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tsis tsim nyog, tag nrho cov zej zog ib qho poob los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo uas tau teev tseg saum toj no.

Yuav ua li cas paub?

Dab tsi yog monopolization los ntawm kev pom zoo? Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab kev lag luam, tus nqi los ntawm kev txiav txim siab theem ntawm kev sib tw nws txawv heev. Raws li txoj cai, nws ntseeg tau tias yog ib feem peb ntawm kev lag luam yog nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib lub chaw tsim khoom, ib nrab ntawm peb lub tuam txhab (cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov chaw muab kev pabcuam), thiab tsib lub npog ntau dua 60%, ces muaj kev sib tw qis. Ib lub lag luam raug lees paub tias yog monopolized yog tias tag nrho cov tuam txhab lag luam tsis ntau tshaj kaum. Rau kev suav, Harfindel-Hirschman Performance index feem ntau yog siv, raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm tag nrho cov tuam txhab thiab lawv cov peev txheej hauv kev lag luam raws li feem pua. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab theem ntawm monopolization thiab qib ntawm kev sib tw feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev, txij li cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev lag luam xwb, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho lub teb chaws, nrog rau, raws li kev lag luam. qhov tshwm sim, tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntawm cov pejxeem.

teeb meem ntawm kev ua lag luam monopolization
teeb meem ntawm kev ua lag luam monopolization

tsoomfwv kev cuam tshuam

Lub xub ntiag thiab theem ntawm monopolization nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam yog tswj nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj theem. Kev ntsuas nyiaj txiag tau siv los tswj kev sib tw thiab tiv thaiv kev ua lag luam thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo suav nrog:

  • Txhawb nqa, nyiaj txiag lossis muab kev txhawb siab rau cov neeg tsim khoom hloov khoom, cov khoom tsis txaus, thiab lwm yam.
  • Txoj kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam monopolized, suav nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws, nrog rau kev pab hauv lawv txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam
  • pib thiab nrhiav nyiaj txiag tshawb fawb thiab txhim kho kev ua ub no los txhim kho kev lag luam kev sib tw qis.

tsoomfwv cov kev ntsuas suav nrog:

  • Tswj kev tsim, kev sib koom ua ke, kev yuav khoom, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom.
  • Forceed demonopolization (sib cais, crushing).
  • Kev nplua, kev tswj hwm thiab kev lav phib xaub rau kev sim ua kom muaj kev lag luam.

Txoj kev nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab txhim kho kev tawm tsam tau raug txiav txim siab los qhia hauv Asmeskas. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Russia kuj tau los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua lag luam monopolization, suav nrog kev siv txoj cai lij choj ntawm Kev Sib Tw, thiab tsim ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb los ua haujlwm hauv qhov no.direction.

Pom zoo: