Tub rog ntawm Czech koom pheej: keeb kwm, nta thiab nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:49

Cov Tub Rog ntawm Czech koom pheej (Czech: Armáda České republiky, AČR) yog lub koom haum tub rog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub tebchaws no raws li kev lav phib xaub thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev cog lus tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke. Cov tub rog tau raug hu kom txhawb kev ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, cawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg ob qho tib si ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov tub rog muaj xws li General Staff, Ground Forces, Air Force thiab pab txhawb nqa.

Tub Rog ntawm Czech koom pheej: Keeb Kwm

Txij thaum kawg ntawm 1940 txog 1989, Czechoslovak People's Army (kwv yees li 200,000 tus txiv neej) yog ib tus ncej ntawm Warsaw Pact cov tub rog sib koom ua ke. Tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm Czechoslovakia, Czech koom pheej tau ua qhov kev tsim kho tshiab thiab txo cov tub rog, uas txuas ntxiv tom qab nkag mus rau Czech koom pheej hauv NATO thaum Lub Peb Hlis 12, 1999.

Raws li Czech Txoj Cai No 219/1999, Czech pab tub rog yog tus thawj cojtub rog ntawm lub xeev.

Kingdom of Bohemia

Cov tub rog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Czech hnub rov qab mus rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab kev tsim ntawm Bohemian Principality, thiab tom qab ntawd - Bohemian Kingdom. Thaum lub sij hawm Hussite Wars, Jan Žižka tau los ua ib tug thawj coj tub rog, thiab nto moo rau cov txuj ci thiab kev ua tau zoo uas Hussite cuab yeej cuab tam tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb thiab kav ntev ntawm Czech tub rog kev lig kev cai. Cov European Tsov Rog ntawm Kev Ntseeg dua tau rhuav tshem Czech thaj av, thiab hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Lub Roob Dawb hauv xyoo 1620, Czech kev ywj pheej tau tso tseg rau Habsburg huab tais. Thaum lub sij hawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev tswj hwm txawv teb chaws, Czechs tau raug mob Germanization. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv khaws lawv tus kheej haiv neeg thiab txeeb lub sijhawm rau kev ywj pheej thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Czechs thiab Slovaks deserted ntau los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Austria-Hungary thiab thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tsim lub Czechoslovak Legion, uas tawm tsam rau sab ntawm lub Entente rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Czechoslovakia.

Lub sijhawm ntawm thawj Czechoslovakia

Cov Tub Rog Czechoslovak tau tsim thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, 1918, thaum 6,000 tus tswvcuab ntawm Czechoslovak Legion, uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1914, tau cog lus rau Fabkis thiab tau txais lawv tus kheej kev sib ntaus sib tua chij los ntawm Fabkis, uas ua ntej. cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Czechoslovakia plaub lub hlis tom qab. Kev ua tub rog ua tiav ntawm Czechoslovak legions ntawm Fabkis, Italian thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Lavxias teb sab pem hauv ntej tau dhau los ua ib qho kev sib cav tseem ceeb uas Czech cov thawj coj tau tig mus rau kev txhawb nqa lub teb chaws txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov phoojywg. Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I.

Cov tub rog Czechoslovak tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1918 tom qab Czechoslovakia tau txais kev ywj pheej los ntawm Austria-Hungary.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Ua qauv tom qab Austro-Hungarian tub rog tub rog, cov tub rog suav nrog cov tswv cuab qub ntawm Czechoslovak Legion uas tau tawm tsam nrog Entente thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog luv luv Polish-Czechoslovak, uas lub tebchaws hluas no tau txuas ntxiv Zaozie, thaj chaw uas yav dhau los tau koom nrog Poland. Cov tub rog tau zoo niaj hnub los ntawm nws cov qauv, nrog rau thaj tsam loj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, phom zoo, thiab txawm tias nws lub tank. Mobilized thaum lub rooj sib tham Munich, cov tub rog tub rog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas koom pheej tsis koom nrog kev koom tes hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm kev tawm tsam German vim kev cais thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Czechoslovakia.

End of the Republic

Cov tub rog raug tshem tawm tom qab German txeeb Czechoslovakia xyoo 1939. Thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, nws tau rov tsim dua nyob rau hauv exile, thawj zaug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tshiab Czechoslovak legion uas tawm tsam nrog Poland thaum lub sij hawm ntxeem tau ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab ces nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tub rog loyal rau tsoom fwv ntawm Czechoslovakia nyob rau hauv exile, raws li nyob rau hauv lub invaded lub teb chaws. London.

Hauv xyoo 1938, cov tswvcuab ntawm Czechoslovak cov tub rog thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tau koom nrog kev ua tsov rog ciam teb uas tsis tau tshaj tawm tawm tsam German-backed Sudetenland rog thiab Polish thiab Hungarian paramilitaries. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm Munich Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo, cov cheeb tsamCov neeg nyob ruaj khov los ntawm cov haiv neeg uas hais lus German, tau suav nrog Thib Peb Reich, thiab cov tub rog uas nyob ntawd tau raug xa mus rau hauv Wehrmacht.

Raws li ib feem ntawm Thib Peb Reich: tiv thaiv ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia

Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Czechoslovakia hauv xyoo 1939 thiab tsim cov Protectorate ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia, tsoomfwv tiv thaiv muaj nws tus kheej cov tub rog - tsoomfwv cov tub rog (6500 tus neeg), uas tau tso siab rau cov haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas pej xeem. kev ruaj ntseg. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, ntau lub Czechoslovak units thiab kev tsim ua haujlwm hauv Polish Army (Czechoslovak Legion), Fabkis Army, Royal Air Force, British Army (1st Czechoslovak Armored Brigade) thiab Tub Rog Liab. Plaub Czech thiab Slovak squadrons ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Allies tau pauv mus rau kev tswj ntawm lub rov tsim Czechoslovakia thaum kawg ntawm 1945.

The era of the second Czechoslovakia

Tom qab tsov rog, Czech thiab Slovak units uas tawm tsam nrog cov phoojywg rov qab los rau Czechoslovakia thiab tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog tshiab, rov tsim dua Czechoslovak. Txawm li cas los xij, lub koom pheej tshiab no, coj los ntawm tsoomfwv uas txhawb nqa Soviet, tau dhau los ua Soviet, thiab xyoo 1954 nws cov tub rog tau raug hloov npe hu ua Czechoslovak People's Army. Cov tub rog ntawm Czechoslovakia rov qab los rau nws lub npe qub hauv xyoo 1990, tom qab Velvet Revolution, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1993, tom qab Velvet Sib nrauj, nws tau tawg thiab muab faib rau cov tub rog niaj hnub ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab Slovak armed rog.

Los ntawm 1954 txog 1990 cov tub rog no yoglub npe hu ua Czechoslovak People's Army (ČSA). Txawm hais tias CSA, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1945, suav nrog ob tus neeg txawv tebchaws thiab cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tau kawm los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thiab Askiv, "Western" cov tub rog raug ntiab tawm ntawm CSA tom qab xyoo 1948, thaum cov communist los ua hwj chim. Lub CSA tsis tau tawm tsam xyoo 1968 los ntawm Soviets los teb rau Prague Caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tau hloov kho los ntawm Soviets tom qab kev kho dua ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv Prague.

Tus lej thiab yam ntxwv

Koj tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog lub hauv paus rog ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia thaum lub sijhawm ntawd? Ntawm kwv yees li 201,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv CSA xyoo 1987, txog 145,000 (kwv yees li 72%) tau ua haujlwm hauv av, feem ntau hu ua tub rog. Kwv yees li 100,000 ntawm lawv yog cov tub rog. Muaj ob cheeb tsam tub rog - Sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj. Xyoo 1989 cov npe ntawm cov tub rog qhia txog ob pab tub rog Czechoslovak nyob rau sab hnub poob: Cov Tub Rog 1 hauv Příbram nrog ib pawg armored thiab peb lub cev muaj zog phom loj, 4th Army hauv Pisek nrog ob pawg armored thiab ob pawg phom loj. Muaj ob lub tank faib nyob rau hauv Eastern Military District, lub 13th thiab 14th, nrog ib tug saib xyuas lub hauv paus hauv Trencin, lub Slovak ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws.

Thaum Tsov Rog Txias, CSA tau nruab nrog cov riam phom hauv Soviet, txawm hais tias qee yam riam phom xws li OT-64 SKOT cov neeg ua haujlwm armored, L-29 Delfín thiab L-39 Albatros aircraft, P-27 Pancéřovka tiv thaiv. - tank foob pob hluav taws launcher yog cov khoom tsim hauv zos.

Czech Tub Rog: 21st Century

Cov tub rog ntawm Czech koom pheej tau tsim tom qab kev sib cais ntawm Czechoslovak cov tub rog, uas tshwm sim tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Czechoslovakia thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1993. Lub zog ntawm Czech cov tub rog hauv xyoo 1993 yog 90,000. Tus lej no tau txo qis rau 65,000 thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau 63,601 hauv xyoo 1999 thiab 35,000 xyoo 2005. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov rog tau hloov kho tshiab thiab rov kho dua tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua tsov rog. Xyoo 2004, cov tub rog tau dhau los ua lub koom haum ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua tub rog raug tshem tawm. Nws tuav ib qho chaw ruaj khov.

International context

Lub Czech koom pheej yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm United Nations thiab lub koom haum rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Ntawm Washington Summit hauv 1999, Czech koom pheej koom nrog NATO. Txij li thaum xyoo 1990, Czech cov tub rog tau koom nrog ntau yam kev ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg, suav nrog hauv Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Kosovo, Albania, Qaib ntxhw, Pakistan thiab, nrog rau pab pawg tub rog, hauv Iraq. Nws tseem koom nrog hauv txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm NATO, txawm tias ua phem thiab ua phem.

Rearmament

Dab tsi yog tshuav ntawm cov tub rog Soviet hauv Czech koom pheej? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, ntau yam riam phom Soviet tseem nyob hauv lub tebchaws no. Cov tub rog Czech tseem siv ntau yam riam phom los ntawm Warsaw Pact era. Thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias, Czechoslovakia yog tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, armored neeg ua haujlwm nqa, tsheb tub rog thiabkev cob qhia dav hlau - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog xa tawm mus rau cov neeg koom tes hauv huab cua tsheb. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, nws yuav tsum tau hloov cov khoom siv uas siv tsis tau thiab xyuas kom nws ua tau raws li NATO cov qauv. Cov phiaj xwm niaj hnub no suav nrog kev nrhiav tau ntawm ntau lub luag haujlwm nyoob hoom qav taub, thauj dav hlau, tsheb tub rog sib ntaus sib tua, thiab huab cua tiv thaiv radars thiab missiles. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsoomfwv Czech tsom mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm cov koom pheej tau nruab nrog kwv yees li 3,000 T810 thiab T815 tsheb ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho, tsim los ntawm Czech tuam txhab Tatra Trucks. Tatra Defense Vehicle cog muab kev tso cai tsim tawm ntawm Pandur II thiab Titus armored tsheb.