toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj heev tuaj yeem pom hauv cov chaw zoo thiab tshwj xeeb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws peaks yog Greater Caucasus Range. Qhov no yog thaj chaw ntawm cov roob siab tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Caucasus.
Lub Tsawg Caucasus thiab hav (Riono-Kura Kev Nyuaj Siab) sawv cev rau Transcaucasia hauv txoj kev.
Caucasus: piav qhia dav dav
Lub Caucasus nyob nruab nrab ntawm Hiav Txwv Caspian thiab Hiav Txwv Dub nyob rau sab hnub poob Asia.
cheeb tsam no suav nrog cov roob siab dua thiab qis dua Caucasus, nrog rau kev nyuaj siab ntawm lawv hu ua Riono-Kura kev nyuaj siab, ntug hiav txwv dej ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub thiab Caspian Seas, Stavropol Upland, ib feem me me ntawm lub Caspian lowland (Dagestan) thiab lub lowland ntawm lub Kuban-Priazovsky mus rau sab laug ntug dej ntawm lub Don nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm nws lub qhov ncauj.
Runtains ntawm Greater Caucasus muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1500 kilometers, thiab lub ncov siab tshaj plaws yog Elbrus. Qhov ntev ntawm lub roob Lesser Caucasus yog 750 km.
Cia peb saib ze ze ntawm Caucasus Range.
thaj chaw
Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Caucasus ciam teb ntawm Dub thiabSeas ntawm Azov, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - nrog lub Caspian. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, East European Plain txuas ntxiv, thiab ciam teb ntawm nws thiab Caucasian foothills rov qab ciam teb ntawm Asia thiab Europe. Thaum kawg khiav raws tus dej. Kuma, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm Kumo-Manych kev nyuaj siab, raws Manych thiab Vostochny Manych dej ntws, thiab ces raws li sab laug ntug dej ntawm lub Don.
Sab qab teb ciam teb ntawm Caucasus yog tus dej Araks, tom qab uas yog Armenian thiab Iranian Highlands, thiab tus dej. Chorokh. Thiab twb dhau tus dej lawm lub roob Pontic Peninsula ntawm Asia Minor pib.
Caucasus Ridge: Description
Cov neeg siab tawv tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg nce toj tau xaiv ntev ntev rau lub roob Caucasus, uas nyiam cov neeg siab phem los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Caucasian ridge faib tag nrho Caucasus rau hauv 2 qhov chaw: Transcaucasia thiab North Caucasus. Lub roob no nthuav tawm ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub mus rau ntug hiav txwv Caspian.
Lub Caucasus Range yog tshaj 1,200 mais ntev.
Qhov chaw, nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia, sawv cev rau cov roob siab tshaj plaws ntawm Western Caucasus. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab ntawm no yog ntau haiv neeg. Lawv cov cim txawv ntawm 260 txog 3360 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb me me thiab qhov chaw zoo nkauj ua rau qhov chaw no zoo tagnrho rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hnub so txhua lub sijhawm xyoo.
Lub ntsiab Caucasian roob hauv Sochi muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws: Fisht, Khuko, Lysaya, Venets, Grachev, Pseashkho, Chugush, Malaya Chura thiab Assara.
Cov pob zeb ntawm lub ridge: limestones thiab marls. Twb muaj ib tug dej hiav txwv pem teb no. Ntawm txhua yamTshaj ib qho loj loj, ib tug tuaj yeem saib tau hais tias folding nrog ntau glaciers, turbulent dej thiab roob pas dej.
Hais txog qhov siab ntawm Caucasus Range
Lub ncov ntawm Caucasus Range muaj ntau thiab ntau qhov siab.
Elbrus yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub roob Caucasus, uas yog lub ncov siab tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv Europe. Qhov chaw ntawm lub roob yog xws li ntau haiv neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, muab nws lub npe tshwj xeeb: Oshkhomakho, Alberis, Yalbuz thiab Mingitau.
Lub roob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Caucasus yog thib tsib ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov roob uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev no (vim los ntawm lub roob hluav taws kub hnyiab).
Qhov siab ntawm lub ncov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsib kilometers rau pua thiab plaub caug-ob meters.
Ntau cov ntsiab lus hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Caucasus
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Caucasus Range yog lub roob siab tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Nws zoo li ob lub cones, ntawm qhov uas (qhov deb ntawm 3 km ntawm ib leeg) ntawm qhov siab ntawm 5200 meters muaj ib lub eeb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv muaj, raws li twb tau sau tseg, qhov siab ntawm 5642 meters, ib tug me me - 5621m.
Zoo li tag nrho cov toj roob hauv pes volcanic, Elbrus muaj 2 qhov chaw: 700-meter pedestal ntawm pob zeb thiab ib lub khob loj loj (1942 meters) - qhov tshwm sim ntawm volcanic eruption.
Lub ncov yog npog nrog daus los ntawm qhov siab txog 3500 meters. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov dej khov, cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Me thiab Loj Azau thiab Terskop.
Kub rauQhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Elbrus yog -14 ° C. Los nag ntawm no yuav luag ib txwm ntog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov daus thiab yog li ntawd cov glaciers tsis yaj. Vim qhov pom kev zoo ntawm lub ncov Elbrus los ntawm qhov chaw deb deb thiab ntau lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, lub roob no kuj muaj lub npe nthuav - Me Antarctica.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thawj zaug lub ncov sab hnub tuaj tau kov yeej los ntawm cov neeg nce toj xyoo 1829, thiab sab hnub poob - xyoo 1874.
Glaciers saum Elbrus pub rau Kuban, Malka thiab Baksan dej ntws.
Central Caucasus: ntau yam, tsis muaj
Thaj chaw, Central Caucasus yog ib feem ntawm Greater Caucasus, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub roob Elbrus thiab Kazbek (nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj). Nyob rau hauv seem no, qhov ntev ntawm lub Main Caucasian Range yog 190 kilometers, thiab yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub meanders, txog 260 km.
Txoj kev ciam teb ntawm Lavxias lub xeev hla dhau thaj chaw ntawm Central Caucasus. Qab nws yog South Ossetia thiab Georgia.
22 mais sab hnub poob ntawm Kazbek (sab hnub tuaj ntawm Central Caucasus), tus ciam teb Lavxias hloov me ntsis mus rau sab qaum teb thiab khiav mus rau Kazbek, hla lub hav Georgian-muaj Terek River (saum toj).
Muaj 5 qhov sib npaug ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Central Caucasus (saib raws latitudes):
- Main Caucasian Range (qhov siab txog li 5203 m, Mount Shkhara).
- Bokovoy Ridge (qhov siab txog 5642 meters, Mount Elbrus).
- Rocky Ridge (qhov siab txog 3646 meters, Mount Karakaya).
- Pasture Ridge (mus txog 1541 meters).
- Ntoo Ridge (qhov siab 900 meters).
Cov neeg ncig teb chaws thiab cov neeg nce toj feem ntau tuaj xyuas thiab cua daj cua dub thawj peb lub roob.
North thiab South Caucasus
Lub Caucasus loj dua, raws li thaj chaw thaj chaw, pib los ntawm Taman Peninsula, thiab xaus rau thaj tsam Absheron (ceg av qab teb). Tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no belongs rau lub Caucasus. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov koom haum koom haum ntawm Russia, muaj qee qhov kev faib ua ob ntu:
- North Caucasus suav nrog Krasnodar Territory thiab Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia, Rostov Thaj Chaw, Chechnya, Koom pheej ntawm Adygea, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan thiab Karachay-Cherkessia.
- South Caucasus (los yog Transcaucasia) - Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan.
cheeb tsam Elbrus
cheeb tsam Elbrus yog thaj chaw sab hnub poob tshaj plaws ntawm Central Caucasus. Nws thaj chaw npog thaj tsam sab saud ntawm tus dej Baksan nrog nws cov ceg, thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Elbrus thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Mount Elbrus mus rau sab xis ntawm lub Kuban. Lub ncov loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av no yog lub npe nrov Elbrus, nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb. Lub ncov siab thib ob yog Mount Ushba (4700 meters).
cheeb tsam Elbrus yog nto moo rau ntau lub ncov nrog ntxhab ridges thiab pob zeb phab ntsa.
Cov dej khov loj tshaj plaws yog nyob hauv qhov loj loj Elbrus glacier complex, suav nrog 23 glaciers (tag nrho cheeb tsam - 122.6 sq. km).
Qhov chaw ntawm xeev nyob rauCaucasus
- Lavxias teb sab Federation ib feem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Greater Caucasus thiab nws cov ko taw los ntawm Kev Sib faib thiab Cov Caucasian Loj mus rau sab qaum teb. 10% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws nyob hauv North Caucasus.
- Abkhazia kuj muaj thaj chaw uas yog ib feem ntawm Greater Caucasus: thaj tsam ntawm Kodori mus rau Gagra ranges, Dub hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm tus dej. Psou thiab Enguri, thiab mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Enguri ib feem me me ntawm Colchis lowland.
- South Ossetia yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nruab nrab ntawm Greater Caucasus. Qhov pib ntawm thaj chaw yog Main Caucasian Range. Lub cheeb tsam txuas mus rau sab qab teb ntawm nws, nruab nrab ntawm Rachinsky, Suramsky thiab Lomissky ranges, mus rau lub hav ntawm Kura River.
- Georgia muaj thaj chaw uas muaj av thiab muaj neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv cov hav thiab cov av qis nruab nrab ntawm cov Lesser thiab Greater Caucasus mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Kakheti ntau yam. Cov roob siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws yog Svaneti, ib feem ntawm Greater Caucasus ntawm Kodori thiab Suram. Lub Georgian thaj chaw ntawm lub Lesser Caucasus yog sawv cev los ntawm Meskheti, Samsar thiab Trialeti ntau yam. Nws hloov tawm tias tag nrho cov Georgia yog nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus.
- Azerbaijan nyob nruab nrab ntawm Kev Sib Tw nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab Araks thiab Kura tus dej nyob rau sab qab teb, thiab nruab nrab ntawm Lesser Caucasus thiab Kakheti Range thiab Hiav Txwv Caspian. Thiab yuav luag tag nrho ntawm Azerbaijan (lub Mugan Plain thiab Talysh Toj siab yog nyob rau Iranian Highlands) nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus.
- Armenia muaj ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lesser Caucasus (sab sab hnub tuaj ntawm tus dej Akhuryan, uas yog ib feem ntawm Araks).
- Qaib ntxhw nyob sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm MalyCaucasus, sawv cev rau 4 lub xeev sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws no: Ardahan, Kars, ib nrab Erzurum thiab Artvin.
Lub roob Caucasus yog ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab txaus ntshai. Raws li cov kev xav ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb, muaj qhov ua tau tias nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo tom ntej no lub roob hluav taws (Mount Elbrus) yuav sawv. Thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov cheeb tsam nyob sib ze (Karachay-Cherkessia thiab Kabardino-Balkaria).
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xaus raws li qhov tsis muaj dab tsi zoo nkauj dua li roob. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los piav tag nrho cov zoo kawg li xwm ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus roob roob. Txhawm rau xav tias txhua yam, koj yuav tsum mus xyuas cov chaw zoo nkauj zoo nkauj no. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom los ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub ncov ntawm Caucasus Toj siab.
