Library of Congress: Cultural Heritage of Humanity

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:49

Txij thaum lub sijhawm Internet nkag mus rau peb lub neej thiab tau ua kom ruaj khov rau hauv nws, cov tsev qiv ntawv thoob ntiaj teb tau ntsib cov neeg nyeem paub meej. Tom qab tag nrho, vim li cas mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv yog tias World Wide Web tau nkag mus yuav luag txhua yam ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus no tuaj yeem tsis sib haum xeeb, vim tias muaj ntau yam kev sau ntawv sib txawv, cov lus qhia txog kev tshawb fawb thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau ua digitized. Muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas tsis tshua muaj neeg nrhiav tsis tau hauv Internet. Zoo li kov cov ntawv sau thaum ub los yog nplooj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yellowed ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg. Thiab qhov ntawd tsuas yog rau cov neeg nyeem ntawv xwb! Yog li ntawd, cov tsev qiv ntawv loj nrog cov ntawv sau dav dav tseem nrov. Rau cov kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv, cov nom tswv thiab ntau lwm tus, lawv tsuas yog hloov tsis tau. Ib qhov chaw khaws cia tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev paub yog US Library of Congress.

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob

Nws tau tsim los ntawm Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm John Adams thaum lub Plaub Hlis 24, 1800, thaum nws tsiv lub nroog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas los ntawm Philadelphia mus rau Washington. Nwskuj tau faib 5,000 las los yuav cov phau ntawv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm Congress thiab tsim ib chav tshwj xeeb rau lawv qhov chaw cia. Lub tsev qiv ntawv nyob hauv Capitol. Tsuas yog Thawj Tswj Hwm, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj, thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm Senate thiab Congress ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tuaj yeem siv nws. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tau txais nws lub npe "Library of Congress".

Tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev, Thomas Jefferson, uas yog ib tus neeg nyiam phau ntawv sau, kuj tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau nws. Nws tau muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab nquag ntxiv nws cov nyiaj. Thaum tsov rog ntawm Askiv thiab Asmeskas xyoo 1812-1814, Washington raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws, Capitol raug hlawv rau hauv av. James Madison, uas yog tus thawj tswj hwm, rov kho lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab yuav txog rau thiab ib nrab txhiab phau ntawv los ntawm Jefferson tus kheej archive. Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress tau muaj sia nyob lwm qhov hluav taws kub xyoo 1851, poob ntau dua li ib nrab ntawm nws cov khoom sau hauv cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua XIX, kev nkag tau qhib rau cov nom tswv, cov tswv cuab ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab, lees paub cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws sau ntawv, cov neeg sau xov xwm. Ib tsab cai tseem ceeb tau dhau los hauv 1870 los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, Ainsworth Rand Spofford, tias ib daim ntawv luam ntawm txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas yuav tsum muab tso rau BC. Ib qho yooj yim kev faib cov phau ntawv tau tsim los ntawm tus thawj coj tom ntej, Herbert Putnam. Lub tsev qiv ntawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 81 txhiab phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab) ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub luam-bibliophile Yudin Gennady Vasilievich tau yuav nyob rau hauv 1907 thiab pauv mus rau cov nyiaj. Qhov chaw uas cov ntawv sau ntau tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias yog nyob sab nraudRussia yog lub Library ntawm Congress. Lub National Library tau txais nws cov xwm txheej hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm noob neej

Cov nyiaj BC thawj zaug tsuas muaj 740 phau ntawv thiab peb daim ntawv qhia thaj chaw. Tau ntau xyoo, txawm tias muaj hluav taws kub, cov nyiaj tau loj hlob tuaj, thiab niaj hnub no US Library of Congress yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no nws khaws ntau dua 150 lab cov khoom sib txawv. Yog tias koj ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm cov txee, koj tau txais ntau tshaj 1000 km. Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv 470 yam lus. Muaj ntau tshaj peb caug lab phau ntawv, tshaj 60 lab phau ntawv sau, tshaj li ib lab ntawv xov xwm los ntawm 300 xyoo dhau los, txog tsib lab daim duab qhia thiab tshaj li ib lab US tsoom fwv cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv sau suav nrog ntau lab daim duab, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab suab kaw. Txhua xyoo, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm 1-3 lab units.

Temple of Knowledge in lej

Hnub no, txhua tus uas muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoos tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress. Muaj tseeb, tsis yog txhua yam ntaub ntawv muaj pub dawb, qee qhov raug cais. Koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab tam tsuas yog hauv chav nyeem ntawv xwb, muaj 20 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 1460 qhov chaw nyeem ntawv, kwv yees li 3.5 txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob ntawd. Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm digitization ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv cov nyiaj txiag tsis tau ua tiav, txog tam sim no nws tau ua tiav tsuas yog 10%. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej, tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khw twv txiaj digital yuav yog li 20 TB.

Zoo

Tam sim no Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress (duab txuas) yog nyob hauv peb lub tsev nyob ntawm Capitol Hill, txuas nrog cov kab hauv av thiab cov chaw tso nyiaj. Lub tsev qub tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb, coj lub npe ntawm Thomas Jefferson, tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1890s raws li ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm Gilded Age architecture. Xyoo 1939, Lub Tsev John Adams tau tshwm sim tom qab lub tsev loj. Nws qhov txawv feature yog lub qhov rooj bronze nrog depictions ntawm vajtswv los ntawm ntau lub ntiaj teb mythologies. Lub tsev thib peb tau qhib nws lub qhov rooj rau cov neeg nyeem nyob rau xyoo 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab yog lub cim nco txog rau lwm tus thawj tswj hwm Asmeskas, James Madison. Qhov no ntawm BC lub tsev yog Mary Pickford Theatre, uas tsis tu ncua qhia cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv TV los ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv cov ntawv sau dawb. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Packard yog lub npe ntawm qhov pom thiab lub chaw cia khoom, qhib rau xyoo 2007 thiab yog lub tsev tshiab tshaj plaws nyob hauv Culpeper, Virginia. Lub tsev tau rov tsim dua los ntawm lub qub bunker, thiab nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe David Woodley Packard, tus thawj coj ntawm Humanities Institute, uas tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub complex yog art deco xinesmas.

Copyright Office

Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov nws tau sau npe muaj cai rau 130 xyoo. Nws yog tib lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv teb chaws tso nyiaj hauv ntiaj teb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws tsim cov nyiaj tau los thiab pab txhawb rau kev ntxiv nyiaj rauaccount ntawm qhov nthuav tawm tshiab tshaj plaws. Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tso Cai tsis yog tsuas yog sau npe ua haujlwm los ntawm Asmeskas cov kws sau ntawv, cov pej xeem ntawm lwm lub tebchaws tuaj yeem siv cov kev pabcuam no. Koj tuaj yeem tso npe rau txhua yam haujlwm, xws li kev sau ntawv, suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam, kos duab, duab qhia chaw, cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, kev ua si hauv computer thiab cov haujlwm, thiab ntau ntxiv. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm hauv Is Taws Nem los ntawm kev sau daim ntawv thov hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob thiab tso nyiaj rau tus as khauj.