Nagorno-Karabakh yog thaj av hauv Transcaucasia, uas yog thaj chaw raug cai ntawm Azerbaijan. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, ib tug tub rog sib tsoo tshwm sim ntawm no, vim hais tias feem coob ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm Nagorno-Karabakh muaj Armenian keeb kwm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog tias Azerbaijan ua qhov kev xav tau tsim nyog ntawm thaj chaw no, tab sis cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av gravitate rau Armenia ntau dua. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 12, 1994, Azerbaijan, Armenia thiab Nagorno-Karabakh tau pom zoo rau txoj cai uas tsim kom muaj kev sib tw, ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb.
A trip to history
Armenian keeb kwm qhov chaw hais tias Artsakh (lub npe Armenian thaum ub) tau hais thawj zaug hauv xyoo pua 8 BC. Raws li cov peev txheej no, Nagorno-Karabakh yog ib feem ntawm Armenia thaum ntxov Hnub Nyoog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog hnyav ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv thiab Iran nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Armenia tau los tswj hwm ntawm cov tebchaws no. Armenian cov thawj coj,los yog melikdoms, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Karabakh, tuav ib tug ib nrab ywj siab xwm txheej.
Azerbaijan muaj nws tus kheej qhov kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb hauv zos, Karabakh yog ib thaj chaw qub keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub tebchaws. Lo lus "Karabakh" nyob rau hauv Azerbaijani txhais raws li nram no: "gara" txhais tau tias dub, thiab "bag" txhais tau tias vaj. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, nrog rau lwm lub xeev, Karabakh yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Safavid, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib qho kev ywj pheej khanate.
Nagorno-Karabakh thaum lub sij hawm Lavxias teb sab Empire
Nyob rau xyoo 1805, Karabakh Khanate tau nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab xyoo 1813, raws li Gulistan Peace Treaty, Nagorno-Karabakh kuj tau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia. Tom qab ntawd, raws li Turkmenchay Treaty, nrog rau qhov kev pom zoo tau xaus rau hauv lub nroog Edirne, Armenians tau rov qab los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv thiab Iran thiab nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Northern Azerbaijan, suav nrog Karabakh. Yog li, cov pej xeem ntawm cov av no feem ntau yog Armenian keeb kwm.
Raws ib feem ntawm USSR
Nyob rau xyoo 1918, lub koom pheej ywj pheej Azerbaijan tau tsim tshiab tau tswj hwm Karabakh. Yuav luag ib txhij, Armenian koom pheej tau thov rau thaj chaw no, tab sis ADR tsis lees paub cov lus thov no. Xyoo 1921, thaj chaw ntawm Nagorno-Karabakh nrog rau txoj cai ntawm kev ywj pheej dav tau suav nrog hauv Azerbaijan SSR. Ob xyoos tom qab, Karabakh tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev ywj pheej (NKAR).
In 1988Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm NKAR thov rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm AzSSR thiab ArmSSR ntawm cov koom pheej thiab thov kom hloov thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb rau Armenia. Daim ntawv thov no tsis tau tso cai, vim tias muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov nroog ntawm Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region. Kev tawm tsam kev sib koom siab kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv Yerevan.
Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev ywj pheej
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum ntxov xyoo 1991, thaum lub tebchaws Soviet twb pib poob lawm, NKAR tau txais tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tshaj tawm txog Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Ntxiv mus, ntxiv rau NKAO, nws suav nrog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm AzSSR qub. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev pov npav rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10 ntawm tib lub xyoo hauv Nagorno-Karabakh, ntau dua 99% ntawm cov pejxeem hauv cheeb tsam tau pov npav rau kev ywj pheej los ntawm Azerbaijan.
Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov tub ceev xwm Azerbaijani tsis lees paub qhov kev tawm suab no, thiab kev tshaj tawm nws tus kheej tau raug xaiv ua txhaum cai. Ntxiv mus, Baku txiav txim siab tshem tawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Karabakh, uas nws nyiam nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev puas tsuaj tau pib lawm.
Karabakh teeb meem
Armenian detachments sawv rau kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej tshaj tawm lub tebchaws, uas Azerbaijan sim tawm tsam. Nagorno-Karabakh tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nom tswv Yerevan, nrog rau los ntawm lub teb chaws diaspora nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, yog li cov tub rog tswj hwm los tiv thaiv cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ceev xwm Azerbaijani tseem tau tswj hwm los tswj hwm ntau thaj chaw, uas tau pib tshaj tawm ib feem ntawm NKR.
Txhua tus neeg tawm tsam muab nws tus kheej txheeb cais ntawm kev poob hauv Karabakh tsis sib haum xeeb. Muab piv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias 15-25 txhiab tus neeg tuag hauv peb lub xyoos ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo. Tsawg kawg yog 25,000 tus raug mob, thiab ntau dua 100,000 tus neeg pej xeem raug yuam kom tawm hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob.
kev sib haum xeeb
Kev sib tham, thaum lub sijhawm ob tog sim daws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, pib yuav luag tam sim tom qab tshaj tawm NKR ywj pheej. Piv txwv li, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 23, 1991, muaj kev sib tham, uas tau koom nrog cov thawj tswj hwm ntawm Azerbaijan, Armenia, nrog rau Russia thiab Kazakhstan. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1992, OSCE tau tsim ib pab pawg los daws cov teeb meem Karabakh.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev siv zog ntawm cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntshav, nws tsis yog txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1994 uas tau muaj kev sib tua. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 5, Bishkek raws tu qauv tau kos npe hauv lub nroog Kyrgyzstan, tom qab ntawd cov neeg koom nrog kev tua hluav taws ib lim piam tom qab.
Cov tog neeg ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis pom zoo rau qhov kawg ntawm Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan xav kom muaj kev hwm rau nws lub tebchaws thiab hais kom tswj hwm nws thaj chaw muaj kev ncaj ncees. Cov kev txaus siab ntawm tus kheej tshaj tawm cov koom pheej yog tiv thaiv los ntawm Armenia. Nagorno-Karabakh tau pom zoo rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thaum cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov koom pheej hais txog tias NKR muaj peev xwm sawv ntsug rau nws txoj kev ywj pheej.
