Psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): biography, discoveries thiab nthuav tseeb

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Psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): biography, discoveries thiab nthuav tseeb
Psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): biography, discoveries thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: Psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): biography, discoveries thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: Psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): biography, discoveries thiab nthuav tseeb
Video: Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) [HPsy 5.1] 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Wilhelm Wundt yog tus kws tshawb fawb zoo. Nws lub npe tseem muaj npe nrov ua tsaug rau ntau cov thwjtim uas tau txais los ntawm nws tsis yog tsuas yog cov tswv yim xwb, tab sis kuj coj tus cwj pwm, cov lus qhuab qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo.

wundt xav
wundt xav

Wilhelm Max Wundt yug rau lub Yim Hli 16, 1832 hauv Neckarau. Nws yog tus menyuam thib plaub hauv tsev neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj ob tus menyuam tuag thaum yau, thiab tus tij laug Ludwig tau kawm thiab nyob hauv Heidelberg, nrog nws niam tus muam. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim tias Wilhelm tau txais lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib tus menyuam xwb.

Wundt txiv yog ib tug xibhwb, tsev neeg zoo li tus phooj ywg zoo rau ntau tus, tab sis tom qab Wundt nco qab tias nws feem ntau xav tias kho siab thiab qee zaum tau txais kev rau txim ntawm nws txiv vim nws tsis mloog lus.

Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm Wundt cov txheeb ze tau kawm zoo thiab qhuas tsev neeg hauv qee qhov kev tshawb fawb. Tsis muaj leej twg pinned xws li kev cia siab rau Wilhelm, nws raug suav hais tias tsis muaj tseeb thiab tsis muaj peev xwm kawm tau. Qhov no kuj tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus tub tsis tuaj yeem xeem dhau qib 1.

Kev cob qhia

Nyob rau qib ob, tus tub txoj kev kawm tau muab rau Friedrich Müller, tus pabtxiv. Wilhelm poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws tus cob qhia tag nrho nws lub siab, nws txawm nyob ze nws dua nws niam nws txiv.

Thaum tus pov thawj hluas raug yuam tawm mus rau lwm lub tsev teev ntuj, Wilhelm chim heev rau nws txiv, pom nws tus tub txoj kev txom nyem, tso cai rau nws nyob tau ib xyoos ua ntej nkag mus rau gymnasium nrog nws tus kws cob qhia.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos, Wundt pib kawm ntawm Catholic Gymnasium hauv Bruchsal. Kev kawm tau muab rau nws nrog kev nyuaj siab, nws poob qis dua nws cov phooj ywg, cov qhab nia tau lees paub qhov no.

Wilhelm kawm ntawm Bruchsal tsuas yog ib xyoos xwb, ces nws niam nws txiv tau pauv nws mus rau Heidelberg Gymnasium, qhov chaw nws tau ua phooj ywg tiag tiag thiab pib sim ua kom mob siab rau nws txoj kev kawm. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoos, nws tau kawm tiav qhov kev kawm gymnasium thiab npaj siab mus kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Wilhelm nkag mus hauv University of Tübingen, Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj, tom qab ntawd tau txais kev kawm kho mob ntawm peb lub tsev kawm ntawv ntxiv.

Wilhelm Wundt Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt Psychology

xov xwm txawv txawv

Thaum kawm hauv Heidelberg nrog xibfwb Gasse, Wilhelm Wundt ua haujlwm pabcuam hauv cov poj niam lub tsev kho mob hauv zos, uas yog tus saib xyuas tus xibfwb nws tus kheej. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj, tus tub kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua hauj lwm rau ib hnub, nws nkees heev, nws nyuaj rau sawv los mus ncig cov neeg mob.

Ib yam funny tshwm sim ib zaug. Thaum tsaus ntuj, Wundt tau sawv los tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob typhus, uas yog delirious. Wundt mus rau nws ib nrab pw tsaug zog. Nws ua txhua yam kev ua haujlwm: nws tham nrog tus kws tu neeg mob, thiab tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob, thiab teem caij. Yog li ntawd, es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug sedativeTus kws pab hluas tau muab iodine mob (ces nws zoo li nws yog ib qho sedative). Hmoov zoo, tus neeg mob nplawm nws tam sim ntawd. Wundt paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum nws rov qab los rau hauv nws chav. Lub xeev ntawm qaug zog nyob rau hauv uas nws ua tsis tau muab nws so. Thaum sawv ntxov nws qhia txhua yam rau tus xibfwb thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd calmed me ntsis. Tiamsis qhov xwm txheej no ua rau tus tub hluas no muaj kev nyuaj siab heev. Rov qab txog nws txoj kev xav, Wundt tuaj txog qhov xaus tias nws qhov kev xav tau txawv ntawm qhov tseeb: qhov kev ncua deb zoo li ntau dua, cov lus tau hnov zoo li nyob deb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws pom txhua yam ntawm pob ntseg thiab pom tseeb.

Wundt piv nws tus mob nrog kev nco qab ib nrab thiab piav qhia tias nws yog qib qis ntawm somnambulism. Qhov xwm txheej no ua rau Wilhelm Wundt tso nws txoj haujlwm ua kws kho mob. Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau siv sijhawm ib semester hauv Berlin, qhov chaw nws kawm nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm I. P. Muller, xyoo 1856 hauv Heidelberg, Wundt tiv thaiv nws daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob.

Kev ua haujlwm

Hauv xyoo 1858, Wundt tau los ua tus pabcuam rau xibfwb Helmholtz, tau koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog ntau yam teebmeem hauv natural sciences.

Tom qab 6 xyoo nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, Wundt ua haujlwm hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj rau lwm 10 xyoo. Los ntawm 1867, nws pib qhia, uas nrov heev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1874, Wilhelm Wundt tau raug caw tuaj rau Switzerland, mus rau University of Zurich, thiab muab kev qhia txog kev xav nyob ntawd. Tus xibfwb lees txais qhov kev caw, tab sis ib xyoos tom qab nws rov qab los rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab txuas nws lub neej nrog University of Leipzig, uas nws tau muab 40 xyoo thiab.ib zaug nws txawm ua tus rector.

wilhelm wundt lab
wilhelm wundt lab

Neeg Laboratory

Xyoo 1879, Wundt tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj lub chaw kuaj mob hlwb nrog nws tus kheej cov nyiaj.

Wilhelm Wundt lub chaw kuaj mob tau dhau los ua qauv uas cov tsev kawm zoo sib xws tau tsim nyob rau lwm lub tebchaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Ua ntej, nws tau los ua ke tag nrho cov neeg uas xav kawm txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev xav hauv German cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus ua ib lub chaw rau cov kawm tiav hauv Asmeskas thiab Askiv uas xav kawm txog kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Tom qab Wilhelm Wundt's Psychological Laboratory tau los ua Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Nyuaj Siab (tus qauv ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb niaj hnub no).

wundt wilhelm pab txhawb rau psychology
wundt wilhelm pab txhawb rau psychology

Qhov chaw kuaj mob

Pib, lub chaw kuaj mob tau tshawb fawb hauv peb thaj chaw:

  • tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub hlwb;
  • rection time.

Tom qab, Wundt tau npaj siab los kawm ntxiv txog kev koom tes thiab kev xav.

Raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sau tseg, Wilhelm Wundt nws tus kheej tsis ua qhov kev sim hauv chav kuaj. Nws tsis nyob ntawd ntev dua 5-10 feeb.

Txoj kev qhia yog qhov tshwj xeeb: Wundt muab cov ntawv qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog cov teeb meem kev sim, tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txiav txim siab tias nws txoj haujlwm tsim nyog tshaj tawm hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb. Phau ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm tus xibfwb nws tus kheej kom haum rau nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

Williamwundt cov phau ntawv
Williamwundt cov phau ntawv

Qhia

Vim li cas cov tub ntxhais kawm thiaj li nyiam tuaj koom Wundt cov lus qhuab qhia? Cia peb sim nkag siab tias lawv cov khawv koob yog dab tsi. Ua li no, cia peb tig los nco txog cov me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm tus xib hwb zoo, sim rov qab mus rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo dhau los thiab pom peb tus kheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lub rooj zaum pem hauv ntej ntawm tus kws sau cov kev xav tsis txawj tuag.

Yog li … Lub qhov rooj qhib qhib thiab Wundt nkag mus. Nws hnav tag nrho cov dub, los ntawm khau mus rau khi. Nyias thiab me ntsis stooped, nqaim-lub xub pwg nyom, zoo li nws yuav siab npaum li nws qhov siab tiag tiag. Cov plaub hau tuab tau thinned me ntsis ntawm lub kaus mom, nws tau npog nrog curls tsa los ntawm ob sab.

Qhia nrov nrov, Wundt mus rau ib lub rooj ntev, tej zaum rau kev sim. Muaj ib tug me me portable bookcase rau ntawm lub rooj. Tus xibhwb xaiv ib daim av nplaum haum rau ob peb vib nas this, ces tig mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib, leans ntawm lub txee thiab pib cov lus qhuab qhia.

Nws hais lub suab qis, tab sis tom qab ib feeb, cov neeg tuaj saib tau ntsiag to. Wundt lub suab tsis yog qhov qab ntxiag tshaj plaws rau pob ntseg: ib qho tuab baritone qee zaum hloov mus ua ib yam dab tsi zoo ib yam li barking, tab sis qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev hais lus tsis tso cai rau ib lo lus mus tsis hnov.

Kev qhuab qhia tshwm sim hauv ib qho pa. Wundt tsis siv cov ntawv sau, nws ob lub qhov muag tsuas yog qee zaum poob ntawm nws txhais tes, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis txhob dag ib pliag: lawv txheeb cov ntawv, tom qab ntawd ua qee yam zoo li yoj taw, lossis pab cov neeg tuaj saib. nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, qhia txog tus xibfwb cov lus.

Wundt xaus lus qhuab qhia nyob rau lub sijhawm. Tsuas yog slouching thiab stomping nrov, nws tawm hauv cov neeg tuaj saib. Fascinating, puas yog?

Biography ntawm Wilhelm Wundt
Biography ntawm Wilhelm Wundt

Books

Wundt tshuav tom qab ib txoj kev tshawb fawb loj heev. Hauv nws lub neej, nws tau sau ntau dua 54,000 nplooj ntawv (tsis xav tias tus xibfwb tau npau suav los ua tus kws sau ntawv nto moo thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus).

Ntau Wilhelm Wundt cov phau ntawv tau luam tawm thiab rov luam tawm dua thaum nws lub neej. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub los ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb zej zog.

  • Wilhelm Wundt thawj phau ntawv, Essays on the Study of Muscular Movement, tau luam tawm xyoo 1858. Phau ntawv no tau sau thaum tus kws tshawb fawb nyiam tsis mus dhau physiology, txawm tias nws twb pib "ze" rau txoj kev kawm. ntawm psychology.
  • Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, thawj feem ntawm txoj hauj lwm "Essays on theory of sensory perception" tau luam tawm. Phau ntawv tag nrho "Rau Txoj Kev Xav Txog Kev Xav" tau luam tawm xyoo 1862, thaum tag nrho 4 cov ntawv luam tawm.
  • 1863 yog xyoo tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov zej zog puas siab ntsws. Nws yog tom qab ntawd cov haujlwm "Kev qhuab qhia ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus txiv neej thiab tsiaj txhu" tau luam tawm, qhov twg Wundt tau piav qhia txog ntau yam teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev sim siab.
  • In 1873-74. luam tawm "Fundamentals of Physiological Psychology" - lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov tshiab hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws.
  • Kev npau suav ntawm kev tsim kev xav hauv zej zog (kev coj noj coj ua-keeb kwm) tau coj mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws lub neej. "Psychology of Peoples" muaj 10 phau ntawv uas tau luam tawm ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, los ntawm 1900 txog 1920.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus xibfwb niaj hnub no yuav luag tsis paub rau leej twg. Biography ntawm Wilhelm Wundt txaus siab rau txhua tus ntawm nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no yog li cas tus cwj pwm zoo tau ploj tom qab daim ntaub thaiv txoj haujlwm.

Wilhelm Wundt yog tus coj tus yam ntxwv, tsis muaj kev ntseeg hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Txhua yam hauv nws lub neej tau raug txiav txim kom meej, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm phau ntawv teev npe ntawm nws tus poj niam, Sophie Mau:

  • Morning - ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv sau, paub cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab, kho cov phau ntawv journal.
  • Tsev - ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, mus saib lub chaw kuaj mob, ntsib cov tub ntxhais kawm.
  • Tom qab taug kev.
  • Hmoob - txais qhua, hais lus, ntaus suab paj nruag.

Wundt tsis yog neeg pluag, nws tsev neeg nyob nplua mias, muaj cov tub qhe thiab. Cov qhua yeej ib txwm txais tos hauv nws lub tsev.

Kev koom tes rau kev tshawb fawb

Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li cas, Wilhelm Wundt qhov kev koom tes rau kev puas siab puas ntsws tiag tiag tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau. Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tsim nyob ib puag ncig tus xibfwb thiab nws lub chaw kuaj mob, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau xav txog nws. Maj mam, psychology tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib qho kev sim cais. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm tus xibfwb. Kev tsim lub chaw kuaj mob uas tsis yog Qav lossis nas tau kawm, tab sis ib tus neeg thiab nws tus ntsuj plig, yog qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab. Cov zej zog ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb-psychologists, cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws sim pib tsim, cov chaw soj nstuam thiab cov chaw haujlwm tau qhib, cov ntawv xov xwm tau luam tawm. Thiab xyoo 1899, thawj lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim.

Wilhelm Wundt tuag xyoo 1920. Tab sis nws lub tswv yim tseem muaj sia nyob.

Wilhelm wundt kev sim
Wilhelm wundt kev sim

"Leej Txiv ntawm kev sim siab ntsws" Wilhelm Wundt yogib tug neeg txaus siab. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, nws nyiam xav xav, ua npau suav los ua ib tug kws sau ntawv, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm "sau nws lub siab nyiam rau hauv lub nrig" thiab, nrog rau kev siv zog ntau, kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab yuam nws tus kheej kom txaus siab rau kev tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ib txwm mus txog kev paub txog yam uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev paub. Nws tau zoo ib yam hauv txhua yam, ob qho tib si hauv science thiab hauv lub neej. Peb sim qhia koj Wundt ua ib tug neeg, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm "txiv neej" thiab "ss" merged ua ke.

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