Moskovskaya Square Rogozhskaya Zastava tau hloov nws lub npe ntau dua ib zaug thaum nws nyob. Tam sim no nws nyob yuav luag nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv lub Tagansky koog tsev kawm ntawv, thiab ib zaug nws yog lub sab nrauv. Muaj ntau ntau zaj dab neeg nthuav txog qhov chaw no. Cov chaw nres tsheb metro "Rimskaya" thiab "Ploschad Ilyicha" nyob rau ntawm lub square.
History of the Square
Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, nyob rau sab laug ntawm Yauza, cov kws qhia pib ua haujlwm, xa ntawv thiab cov neeg caij tsheb. Lawv nqa khoom mus rau lub zos Rogozhsky Yam (tom qab lub nroog ntawm Bogorodsk, tam sim no Noginsk). Cov chaw xa ntawv tau hu ua qhov chaw, uas nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 60-70 km (kwv yees li ib hnub khiav ntawm nees). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, tom qab tsim lub Kamer-Kollezhsky Val, ib qho ntawm 16 outposts nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Moscow yog nyob rau ntawd. Thaum xub thawj, cov khoom xa tuaj rau Moscow tau kuaj xyuas ntawm cov chaw tshaj tawm thiab tau sau lub luag haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd cov haujlwm raug muab tso tseg, thiab cov chaw tawm haujlwm tsuas yog rau tub ceev xwm tswj hwm. Rogozhskaya outpost vam meej thiab loj hlob nplua nuj. Lub chaw tshaj tawm tau pib muaj neeg coob coob, tsev tau tsim, khw muag khoom thiab chaw ua haujlwm tau qhib, tsim ua lag luam.
Cov ntseeg qub
Cov Tsev Neeg ntawm Cov Ntseeg Qub tau nyob hauv kev sib cais los ntawm Yauza Dej los ntawm xyoo pua 17th. Ntau tus tub lag luam uas lees paub txoj kev ntseeg no kuj nyob ntawm no. Rogozhsky tojntxas yog qhov chaw ntawm lub zej zog. Nyob rau hauv 1825 nws muaj txog 68,000 parishioners. Sloboda txawv ntawm tus so ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv nws tshwj xeeb patriarchal txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Nws nyuaj rau cov neeg sab nraud nrhiav qhov chaw nyob ntawd. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj tus kab mob plague nyob rau xyoo 1771, Cov Ntseeg Qub tau teeb tsa cov kab mob plague rau cov neeg mob nrog lawv tus kheej cov nyiaj. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev noj mov rau cov neeg laus, cov tsev nyob, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv tau tshwm sim. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Ntau tshaj 700 tus neeg laus nyob hauv lub tsev noj mov. Hauv kev sib hais haum muaj ib lub koom haum qub Ntseeg. Kev cob qhia nyob ntawd tau siv sijhawm 6 xyoo. Cov tub lag luam Morozov, Ryabushinsky, Soldatenkov, uas tau ua ntau yam rau Russia, raug faus rau ntawm Rogozhsky tojntxas.
Xyoo 1845, tsis deb ntawm kev sib hais haum, Goujon cog tau pib, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv kev lag luam loj rauj thiab Sickle. "Caw Warehouse No. 1" tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawd, uas hloov mus rau "Crystal" cog
Nrog kev tsim kho ntawm Nizhny Novgorod railway, kev nkag tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj tshiab rau kev sib hais haum, thiab txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub neej tsis muaj nyob. Yamskaya nuv ntses kuj poob rau hauv kev lwj.
Vladimirka
Txoj kev Vladimirsky pib los ntawm Rogozhskaya Zastava. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, cov neeg raug kaw raug xa mus ua haujlwm hnyav hauv Siberia. Rau lub suab ntawm chains, ib nrab-shorn convicts rushed rau alms, uas tau muab pov los ntawm compassionate neeg nyob. Hnav ris tsho grey pea, nrog ib qho ace ntawm pob zeb diamond ntawm lawv nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kem, muaj cov neeg uas mus ua haujlwm hnyav. Lawv tau ua raws li cov uas tsis uamuaj cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv raug ntiab tawm ntawm Moscow mus rau sab nraud. Thaum kawg ntawm theem, lub laub nrog cov txheeb ze, poj niam thiab menyuam tau tsiv mus. Los ntawm 1761 txog 1782 kwv yees li 60 txhiab tus neeg dhau los ntawm theem. Thaum lub sijhawm Nicholas kuv, txog li 8,000 tus neeg raug kaw hauv ib xyoos dhau los ntawm Vladimirka. Lub nroog Vladimir tau hu ua txoj kev nyuaj siab. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam uas cov neeg uas hu ua txoj kev no "Enthusiast Highway" tau xav.
Square in the 20th century
Nyob rau xyoo 1919, Rogozhskaya Sennaya Square tau hloov npe hu ua Ilyich Square, thiab Rogozhskaya Zastava hauv xyoo 1923 tau los ua lub npe hu ua Ilyich Zastava, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Nyob rau hauv 1994 lub qub keeb kwm lub npe raug xa rov qab mus rau lub square. Cov tuam tsev ua lag luam ib nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tau khaws cia hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv 1816, Alexander tus thawj txiav txim siab hais tias lub tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau "ntse thiab nrog cov xim zoo tshaj plaws." Cov xim rau painting lub facades ntawm lub tsev tau txiav txim siab. Niaj hnub nimno architects coj kom zoo dua ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm huab tais thiab pleev xim rau lub ntxim hlub ob-zaj dab neeg lub tsev nyob rau hauv thawj xim.
Ploshad Ilyicha metro chaw nres tsheb
Chaw nres tsheb muaj txij li xyoo 1979. Nws yog qhov chaw nres tsheb sib sib zog nqus, pylon, muaj peb lub vaults thiab ib lub platform. Yim pylons lined nrog pob zeb liab "Salieti", plinths - nrog "Labradorite". Hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv lub aisle yog them nrog dub "Gabro", thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub platform yog tiav nrog dawb "Koelga" pob zeb. Qhov chaw nres tsheb yog illuminated los ntawm fluorescent teeb uas tsim ib lub strip. Nruab nrab ntawm cov pylons, cov teeb yog nyob rau hauv caissons. Cov kws sau ntawv-architects ntawm chaw nres tsheb yog Klokov, Popov, Petukhova. Sculpture los ntawm V. I. Lenin yog tsim los ntawm sculptor Tomsky. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub chaw tos txais muaj kev hloov mus rau Rimskaya chaw nres tsheb. Los ntawm txoj kev hauv av koj tuaj yeem mus rau Rogozhskaya Zastava Square, mus rau Hammer thiab Sickle platform, mus rau Txoj Kev Txaus Siab. Chaw nres tsheb "Rimskaya", "Ploshchad Ilyicha", platform "Sickle thiab Rauj" tsim lub hub loj thauj.
Kev tsim kho ntawm chaw nres tsheb nyuaj. Vim geological nta, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tau txo. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, lub pas dej hauv av tau cuam tshuam thiab cov tunnels dej nyab. Kev ua haujlwm engineering complex tau ua tiav, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm 65,000 m 3ntawm dej tau nchuav rau hauv tus dej Moscow. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw nres tsheb tau ua haujlwm raws sijhawm.
Square in Literature
Qhov chaw ntawm Moscow pom ntau dua ib zaug lossis ob zaug hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Archpriest Avvakum nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv qhia yuav ua li cas nws hla lub Rogozhskaya outpost. Nikolai Svechin, tus kws sau ntawv nrov ntawm retrodetectives, piav qhia txog lub neej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg ntseeg qub hauv phau ntawv "The Testament of Archpriest Avvakum". Vladimir Gilyarovsky nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Moscow thiab Muscovites" qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej txog lub Rogozhskaya outpost thiab cov neeg raug kev txom nyem uas taug kev raws theem.
Txij thaum yau, sawv daws nco txog tus txiv ntxawm Styopa nto moo. Nws nyob Sergey Mikhalkov tau tsa ib tug ntxim nyiam hero:
hauv tsev yim feem ib, ntawm Zastava Ilyich…
"Ploschad Ilyich", chaw nyob hauv xinesmas
Cov laus nco txog zaj movie"Lub tsev uas kuv nyob" (1957). Nyob ntawd, Nikolai Rybnikov hu nkauj: "Silence qab Rogozhskaya Zastava …". Zaj nkauj no tau hnov los ntawm ib tiam neeg tau ntau xyoo. Cov lus "Ilyich Square, Moscow" yog hom lo lus zais rau xyoo caum.
In 1965 Marlen Khutsiev zaj duab xis "Ilyich's Outpost" raug tso tawm. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm ntawm thaw, heroes ntawm zaj duab xis yog cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm lub rau caum. Cov zaj duab xis muaj xws li footage los ntawm paj huam yav tsaus ntuj, paj huam yog nyeem los ntawm Yevtushenko, Voznesensky, Akhmadullina, Rozhdestvensky. Nws yog lub sijhawm muaj kev cia siab loj, uas, hmoov tsis, tsis tuaj yeem muaj tseeb. Cov neeg thuam hu ua zaj movie no ua suab nkauj rau ib tiam.
Rau Muscovites, qhov chaw nyob "Ploshchad Ilyicha" evokes ntau lub koom haum thiab txhais tau ntau heev. Tsis deb ntawm lub metro muaj cafes, tsev noj mov, khw.
