Moscow lub 800th hnub tseem ceeb tuaj thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj tom qab tsov rog. Lub teb chaws nyuam qhuav pib rov qab los ntawm Nazi ntxeem tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog hnub no uas kev tsim kho ntawm Stalin lub skyscrapers hauv Moscow pib.
Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm USSR xyoo 1947 tau txais kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsim yim lub tsev siab hauv Moscow. Tau kawg, tsab cai no tau tshaj tawm nrog kev pom zoo thiab tej zaum txawm tias pib ntawm Stalin.
Kev tso lub hauv paus tau tshwm sim ib txhij, nyob rau tib hnub, nyob rau hnub ua kev zoo siab rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev - Cuaj hlis 7th. Ib teev ua ntej, lub monument rau Yuri Dolgoruky, tus tsim ntawm Moscow, tau muab tso rau ntawm Sovetskaya Square. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias cov xwm txheej no tau npaj los ua pov thawj tias, ib yam li Yuri Dolgoruky ib zaug tso lub hauv paus rau Lavxias teb sab peev, yog li nyob rau hnub ntawm nws 800th hnub tseem ceeb, nws foom koob hmoov rau nws rau qhov tseem ceeb tshiab, ib tug yuav hais tias, lub sijhawm ua. lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws keeb kwm..
Stalin lub skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow tau npaj raws li tus neeg ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug loj lub teb chaws thiab tag nrho cov Soviet neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv ib coLwm lub nroog ntawm Soviet Union thiab cov tebchaws socialist.
Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, thawj lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov tsev siab hauv Moscow yog qhov loj dua. Yim lub tsev siab siab tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw tsim nyog rau lub tsev tseem ceeb tshaj - Palace ntawm Soviets, crowned nrog ib tug monumental daim duab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm proletariat - V. I. Lenin. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov project tsis tau ua tiav.
Txawm tias nws yog qhov pib. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej raug rhuav tshem, ntawm qhov chaw uas tau pib tsim lub Palace ntawm Soviets.
Pab pawg kws tsim qauv coj los ntawm B. M. Iofana.
Lub monumentality ntawm lub tsev npaj tau tsawg kawg yog qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog lub ntim sab hauv ntawm lub palace tuaj yeem ua rau peb lub pyramids ntawm Cheops. Daim duab ntawm Lenin yuav tsum mus txog 100 meters. Thiab tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub Palace ntawm Soviets, ua ke nrog lub monument, tau npaj yuav 420 meters. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis muaj lub tsev siab dua hauv ntiaj teb no.
Kev tsim kho pib xyoo 1937. Ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, lawv txawm tswj hwm los tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau kom siab li kaum-zaj tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tsov ua rog tsis tsuas cuam tshuam kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj tseem yuam kom rhuav tshem cov qauv hlau thiab coj lawv mus rau kev tsim kho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv lub peev: txuas hniav thiab teeb meem.
Kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom monumental tsis ua haujlwm. Lub pas dej da dej ua haujlwm hauv nws lub hauv paus tau ntev, thiab nyob rau xyoo 1990, lub Cathedral ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej tau rov qab los rau ntawm qhov chaw no.
Tab sis Stalin'sTxawm li cas los xij, cov skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tsim.
skyscraper siab tshaj
Lub siab tshaj plaws Stalinist skyscraper tau ua rau ntawm Sparrow Hills - lub tsev loj ntawm Moscow State University. Nws tau tsim rau plaub xyoos - los ntawm 1949 txog 1953. Architects ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project: S. E. Chernyshev, L. V. Rudnev, P. V. Abrosimov, V. V. Nasonov thiab A. F. Boars.
Muaj pov thawj tias nws siv 40,000 tons ntawm cov hlau los tsim cov thav duab ntawm lub tsev, thiab 175 lab cib rau phab ntsa. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub hnub qub mounted ntawm lub spire ntawm lub skyscraper yog hais txog 12 tons.
Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow State University ncav cuag 236 meters, lub tsev muaj 36 pem teb. 68 lub elevator thiab lub rooj muag ceev ceev tau tsim rau nws.
Ntau tus neeg raug kaw tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub skyscraper, uas tau cog lus tias yuav tso ntxov thaum lub tsev tiav. Solntsevo kev sib hais haum tau tsim nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw rau cov neeg tsim khoom nyob. Tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub peev.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab-Soviet, cov dab neeg tsis txaus ntseeg, zoo li nceb, tau dhau los nrog Stalin lub skyscrapers hauv Moscow: mysticism yeej dhau qhov tseeb hauv lawv. Piv txwv li, lawv tham txog txoj kev zais cia uas coj mus rau txhua chav nyob thiab tau tsim kom muaj kev mloog lus ntawm tib neeg kev sib tham. Thiab muaj cov lus dab neeg hais txog lub tsev ntawm Moscow State University tias nws mus rau hauv av ntau npaum li nws nce saum av. Nws tau npaj los tsev lub peev lub chaw tiv thaiv missile nyob rau hauv nws qab daus.
Tsev Aviators
Stalin skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub peev. Yog, siabib lub tsev nyob loj hlob ntawm Vosstaniya Square. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog lub zos ntawm Kudrino. Tam sim no lub square tau rov qab nws lub npe qub - Kudrinskaya.
Kev tsim tsa lub skyscraper pib xyoo 1948 thiab xaus rau xyoo 1954. Nws qhov siab yog 156 meters. Lub tsev muaj 24 plag tsev (hauv nruab nrab ib feem), sab txuas ntxiv muaj 18 plag tsev. Lub tsev tsim los rau 450 chav.
Lub tsev tsim los ntawm architects A. A. Mndoyants thiab M. V. Posokhin.
Rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, lub tsev nyob no yog qhov khoom kim heev: marble staircases, high-speed elevators, dav lobby, chav nrog qab nthab siab … Cov tsev nyob hauv lub tsev siab no tau mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv aviation kev lag luam, uas yog, xeem pilots, astronauts, aircraft designers, yog li ntawd nws yog nicknamed "Aviator's House". Txawm li cas los xij, ob tog neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam nyob ntawm no.
Lub tsev kuj muaj lub khw, xinesmas, chaw nres tsheb hauv av thiab ntau ntxiv.
siab tsis muaj hnub qub
Lub tsev ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs tau tsim los ntawm architects MA. Minkus and V. G. Gelfreich. Nws qhib xya Stalinist skyscrapers ntawm Moscow, txij li thaum nws yog thawj tsim. Lub tsev siab tshaj 172 meters ntawm Smolenskaya-Sennaya Square, muaj 27 plag tsev, nruab nrog 28 elevators, feem ntau yog high-speed.
Nyob hauv thawj txoj kev npaj, thawj lub tsev tsis muaj spire. Txawm li cas los xij, Stalin tsis nyiam nws hauv daim ntawv no. Thiab, raws li cov lus dab neeg hais, nws tau qhia kom ua kom tiav sai sai. Muaj qee qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog qhov no, feem ntau yog vimntxiv load. Yog li ntawd, lub spire tau ntsia mus rau ntau qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj, ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Lawm, yuav tsis muaj lus nug txog ib lub hnub qub (lub spire yuav tsis sawv lawm). Yog li ntawd, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm USSR tau tsa rau ntawm lub tsev ntawm qhov siab ntawm 114 meters.
Los ntawm txoj kev, niaj hnub no tsis yog Ministry of Foreign Affairs, tab sis kuj yog Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations thiab Trade ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv lub Stalinist skyscraper.
Qhov siab thib ob yog "Ukraine"
Kev tsim kho lub tsev pib xyoo 1953, tau ua tiav xyoo 1957, twb nyob hauv Khrushchev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev so yog thawj xeeb nyob rau ntawd. Tab sis Khrushchev xaiv lub npe txawv rau nws. Tom qab tag nrho, Ukraine yog nws lub tebchaws.
Lub tsev tsim los ntawm architects AG. Mordvinov thiab V. K. Oltarzhevsky ntawm Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Qhov siab tsis muaj qhov spire ncav cuag 198 meters, lub spire ntxiv 8 meters. Hauv qhov siab - 34 plag tsev.
Ncig saib ntawm Stalinist skyscrapers ntawm Moscow, tau kawg, yuav tsis hla "Ukraine". Yog hais tias tsuas yog vim nws muaj ib tug diorama, los yog ib tug qauv ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv 1977. Nws tau ua rau National Exhibition nyob rau hauv America, thiab commissioned los ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Lub diorama tau txawj ntse heev thiab sawv cev rau qhov chaw keeb kwm ntawm Moscow yuav luag tag.
Lub tsev so tau kho dua tshiab los ntawm 2005 txog 2010, nws tau tsim los ntawm cov tswv tshiab. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev so tau hu ua "RadissonRoyalHotel".
Lub tsev ntawm kev muaj tswv yim txawj ntse
Kev tsim lub tsev pib ua ntej tsov rog (1938-1940) thiab xaus rau xyoo 1952. Architects - A. K. Rostkovsky thiab D. N. Chechulin.
Lub tsev muaj 32 pem teb, thiab nws qhov siab mus txog 176 meters. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog turrets thiab sculptural pawg. Nws nyob hauv ib qho chaw zoo nkauj heev - ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm tus dej Moscow thiab Yauza.
Nws tsis yog xov xwm uas Stalin lub skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow yog ib feem los ntawm cov neeg raug kaw. Muaj twb tau tham txog lub tsev ntawm Moscow State University. Lub tsev ntawm Kotelnicheskaya embankment kuj tau tsim los ntawm "cov neeg raug txim".
Tej zaum, raws li tsoomfwv lub tswv yim, lub tsev yuav tsum muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv. Tseem muaj ntau yam dab neeg hais txog qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev tsim kho, lub tsev tau muab rau cov neeg txawj ntse muaj tswv yim. Lub sijhawm sib txawv, Evgeny Yevtushenko, Galina Ulanova, Andrei Voznesensky, Faina Ranevskaya, Lyudmila Zykina, Nona Mordyukova thiab ntau lwm tus neeg nto moo nyob ntawd. Yog li lub tsev thiaj yog neeg tseem ceeb.
Nyob rau hauv pem teb muaj chaw xa ntawv, tsev noj mov, xinesmas.
Ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub Vaj Nplhaib
Vim tias Stalinist skyscraper no tau ua rau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Lub Vaj Nplhaib, txawm tias nws qhov loj me dua piv rau lwm lub tsev, nws zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj heev thiab pom tsis tau qis dua lwm tus.
Lub tsev tsim los ntawm architects B. S. Mezentsev and A. N. Dushkin. Nws yog lub tsev tswj hwm thiab thaj chaw nyob siab 138 meters siab. Nws tau crowned nrog ib lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub.
Kev tsim kho lub skyscraper ntawm lub Rooj vag liab Square tau fraught nrog qee qhov teeb meem. Qhov chaw nres tsheb tob tshaj plaws kuj tau tsim nyob rau ntawd, thiab ib lub tis ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum nyob saum qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim rau cov architects. Tab sislawv tau ua txhua yam zoo, siv cov tswv yim ci ntsa iab: ob qho tib si khov lub qhov thiab txhim kho lub tsev ntawm lub kaum sab xis (thaum lub qhov dej thawed, lub tsev leveled).
Lub tsev tswj hwm hauv tebchaws Soviet lub sijhawm tau nyob los ntawm Ministry of Transport Engineering. Tam sim no muaj chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum "Transstroy". Mikhail Lermontov yug hauv ib lub tsev nyob, uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Stalinist skyscraper.
Lub tsev so "me me" tshaj plaws "Leningradskaya"
Txhua Stalin lub skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow tsim nyog cov dab neeg nthuav tshaj plaws. Lawv cov duab kuj tuaj yeem kho txhua qhov album.
Lub tsev so Leningradskaya yog qhov qis dua hauv qhov siab (136 meters) rau lwm cov skyscrapers, tab sis tshaj tag nrho lwm tus hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Nws combines cov ntsiab lus ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab architecture thiab lub tuam tsev architecture. Rau sab hauv, pob zeb tsis tshua muaj, loj siv lead ua chandeliers, ib tug nyem depicting St. George lub Victorious, forged qhov rooj, sculptures tau siv … Cov architects ntawm lub tsev yog L. M. Polyakov thiab A. B. Boretsky.
Kev mus ncig tshwj xeeb yog npaj rau lub tsev so, tam sim no hu ua Hilton MoscowLeningradskaya.
Lub tsev so nyob ib sab ntawm Komsomolskaya Square, nws tseem hu ua "Square of Three Stations" (Kazansky, Yaroslavsky thiab Leningradsky).
Chaw nyob ntawm Stalin lub skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow tsis tas yuav tsum paub meej. Cov cim tseem ceeb tuaj yeem yog: Sparrow Hills, Kudrinskaya Square, Kotelnicheskaya Embankment, Kutuzovsky Prospect, Red Gate Square, Kalanchevskaya Street thiab Arbat.
Puas muaj yimskyscraper?
8 lub tsev tau tso rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow. Lub tsev tswj hwm, uas tau npaj los ua hauv Zaryadye (tus kws kes duab vajtse Dmitry Chechurin), tsis ua tiav raws sijhawm. Los ntawm 1953, tsuas yog lub stylobate tau npaj.
Tom qab Stalin tuag, qhov chaw tsim kho tau mothballed. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 60s, lub tsev so Rossiya tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, uas twb demolished.
Yog li muaj pes tsawg tus Stalinist skyscrapers nyob hauv Moscow? Xya. Thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog keeb kwm ntawm lub peev.
