Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom tawg (explosives) los koom nrog cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Piv txwv li, kev tawg hauv tsev feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pa roj. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Lub TV kuj tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tawg hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tom qab kev sib tsoo thiab hluav taws kub los ntawm cov roj xau, tsheb tawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom tawg no yog siv hauv kev lag luam mine-blasting. Muaj cov kws tshaj lij hauv pyrotechnics hauv cov tub rog engineering, uas, nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nqi, ua rau lawv poob rau hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov. Siv tau hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, txoj kev tua hluav taws ntawm kev tawg yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau yam tsis tas siv cov khoom siv nyuaj thiab kim. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog txoj kev no thiabblasting kev nyab xeeb txoj cai koj yuav kawm los ntawm kab lus no.
Qhia txoj kev
Rau txoj kev tua hluav taws ntawm kev tawg, koj xav tau ib pawg ntawm cov nplaim taws uas kis tau los ntawm txoj hlua tshwj xeeb. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov kawg yog muab tso rau hauv lub tes tsho, uas yog siv los ua lub hau detonator. Yog li, nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug igniter qaum, ib tug impulse nkag mus rau hauv lub tes tsho, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas nws detonation tom qab, thiab ces ib tug tawg tawg. Lawv siv txoj kev tua hluav taws thaum lawv xav tsim kom muaj kev tawg ntawm ntau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws feem ntau siv thaum detonating ib zaug xwb.
Hais txog qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev
Tsis zoo li txoj kev siv hluav taws xob lossis xov tooj cua tawg, uas yuav tsum muaj cov tshuab rhuav tshem tshwj xeeb, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws kub tsuas yog xav tau ib qho hluav taws kub hnyiab, qhov sib tw, lub raj incendiary nrog lub hau detonator thiab lub igniter qaum. Cov raj ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam tau ua tiav nrog ib txoj hlua nrog lub hnab yas ZTP. Tsis tas li, lub caij no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm cov tub rog engineering.
About shortcomings
Txawm tias nws qhov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg, txoj kev tua hluav taws ntawm kev tawg tsis yog yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug pyrotechnician ua demining yog heev txaus ntshai. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias thaum lub cord ignites, nws yuav tsum tau nyob ze tsub nqi nrog explosives. Qhov thib ob qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws tsis yog technically ua tau rau ib tug tub rog engineer los yog pej xeem pyrotechnician (yog hais tias kuv clearance yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub industrial sector) los xyuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho.
Nws yuav yog lub raj hluav taws xob lossis cov hlua tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom neutralize ib tug series ntawm nqi siv hluav taws kub blasting. Lawv yuav tsum nyob deb heev ntawm ib leeg kom qhov tawg ntawm ib qho nqi tsis pib rau lwm tus.
Nyob capsules
Lub raj incendiary muaj lub hau detonator, ib txoj hlua hluav taws xob thiab qhov hluav taws kub (smoldering) wick. Lub primer pib (excites detonation) tus nqi tawg.
KD 8-A thiab KD 8-M cov qauv tshuaj ntsiav yog siv. Cov detonators muaj qhov zoo sib xws tsim thiab qhov ntev: 4.7 cm ntev thiab 7 mm inch. Lawv txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hom tawg siv rau kev pib thiab cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv: lawv yog ua los ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab. Lub igniter qaum yog muab tso rau hauv lub detonator cap los ntawm qhib sab ntawm CD.
Kev piav qhia
Lub kaus mom detonator tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv lub tes tsho nrog lub taub sab hauv ntawm 6.5 hli. Ib kawg ntawm nws yog kaw. Ntawm qhov tod tes, 1.02 gram siab tawg yog nias rau hauv. Cov khoom tawg yuav tsum muaj zog ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus tub rog engineer siv RDX lossis Tetryl.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tes tsho yog nruab nrog ib lub khob pressed inverted ua los ntawm txhuas. Hauv nws muaj BB. Cov txheej txheem qis ntawm sab ntawm lub zog siab siab tawg yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hlau lead azide (0.2 g), thiab teneres (0.1 g) nyob rau saum. Cov ntsiab lus no ib leegtsis tuaj yeem pib detonation, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tandem nrog txhuas azide. Los ntawm qhov qhib kawg ntawm lub tes tsho yog ua hollow. Lub khob ntawm sab no yog nruab nrog lub qhov me me. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg los ntawm kev sawv los ntawm nws, ib daim ntaub nyias nyias lossis nylon mesh yog ntsia rau sab hauv ntawm lub qhov. Los ntawm qhov kawg kaw, lub tes tsho yog nruab nrog ib tug cumulative recess, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub impulse quab yuam yog ntau zog.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tswj tau cov primer kom zoo?
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, lub hau detonator yog qhov nkag siab zoo rau cov kev cuam tshuam me me. Nws tuaj yeem pib tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm lub txim, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam, cua sov thiab kev sib txhuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov ntaub ntawv cartridge yog flattened. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas.
Khaws lub kaus mom tawg kom deb ntawm cov tee thiab pob. Yog tias mercury fulminate yog siv los thauj cov ntaub ntawv cartridge, lub detonator yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub. Capsules yog khaws cia thiab thauj hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb ntawm 50 daim txhua. Tsis tas li ntawd rau lub hom phiaj no, cov thawv hlau yog siv uas tsis tau ya raws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tes tsho yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsug txoj hauj lwm los ntawm 100 daim. Npaj lawv kom lub muzzle tig.
Detonator lub kaus mom raug xa mus rau qhov chaw uas blasting yog nqa tawm hauv pob tshwj xeeb ntawm 10 daim lossis cov kaus poom ua los ntawm ntoo. Nqa lawv hauv hnab, cais los ntawm cov khoom tawg. Yog tias koj ua raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb, nws yog txwv tsis pub nqa lub plhaub plhaub rau hauv koj lub hnab ris thaum tawg.
About defective detonators
Yog muaj los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub tes tsho lossis ib qhodents, nws yog suav tias yog unusable. Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov tshuaj ntsiav nrog cov hmoov sib xyaw rau cov phab ntsa pib. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov detonators tuaj yeem muaj cov txheej txheem los yog cov chaw loj. Qhov no qhia oxidation ntawm lub cev liner. Xws li cov primer kuj suav hais tias muaj qhov tsis zoo.
About qaum
Cov hlua hluav taws xob ntev 10 metres tau dov rau hauv ib lub bay. Cov khoom no muaj ib lub plhaub sab nrauv thiab cov hmoov core. Cov hlua tau sau tias OSHP, OSHDA lossis OSHA. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm seb hom winding siv li cas. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, 600 hli. OSHP hom qaum hlawv tawm hauv 70 vib nas this. Nws tuaj yeem hlawv ob qho tib si hauv huab cua thiab hauv qab dej. Nws hlawv sai dua (los ntawm 50%) ntawm qhov tob tob. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov tob ntawm 5 meters, qhov ceev yog qhov nyuaj rau kwv yees. Yog li ntawd cov hmoov core tsis dampen thaum lub qaum dov mus rau hauv ib lub bay, ob qho tag nrho yog impregnated los yog kaw nrog ciab. Niaj hnub no, cov tub rog engineering tsis muab cov hlua zoo li no lawm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog kev lag luam pej xeem. Tsis zoo li OSHP, OSHA thiab OSHDA muaj lub plhaub asph alted, rau kev tsim cov paj rwb lossis linen xov siv. Cov hlua ntawm cov hom no yog grey-dub.
Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov xov yog impregnated nrog tshwj xeeb mastic - tar. OSHA tsis yog siv hauv qab dej thiab hauv chav nrog cov av noo siab. Rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, OSHDA yog muab nrog ob lub asph alt plhaub, thiab yog li cov dej pov thawj siab. Kuj tseem muaj hom OShP-MG. Lub cim qhia tias lub igniter qaum ntawm qeebkub. Npog nrog lub plhaub yas grey-xiav. Lub hauv paus yog tsis sawv cev los ntawm rab phom, ib tug multicomponent muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hauv 3 vib nas this, tsuas yog 10 hli ntawm qhov ntev kub. Txhawm rau xyuas seb txoj hlua yuav hlawv sai npaum li cas, koj yuav tsum txiav ib daim 30 mm ntev ntawm ib kawg. thiab rhuav tshem. Tom ntej no hlais 60 hli daim yog teem rau hluav taws. Lub sij hawm yog kaw siv lub stopwatch. Yog tias txoj hlua dheev tuag los yog qhov kub ntawm qis dua 60 vib nas this, ces koj siv tsis tau.
About the ignition wick
Yam khoom no yuav tsum tau ua kom kub hnyiab qaum. Rau nws siv, paj rwb los yog linen threads yog siv. Lawv yog woven rau hauv ib txoj hlua, thiab ces soaked nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj nitrate. Cov wick yog lub teeb daj hauv cov xim thiab 6 mus rau 8 mm inch. Smoldering ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 1 mm. hauv ib feeb. Ua ntej siv lub igniter wick, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas nws cov kev sib txuas nrog cov hlua. Lub detonator cap thiab lub igniter cord yog txuas los ntawm kev sib xyaw crimping. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau txiav rau cov xov hlau thiab cov hlua, nrog rau cov ntsia hlau.
About incendiary pipes
Hauv tub rog thiab hauv kev lag luam, cov kav dej incendiary (ST) ntawm cov npe hauv qab no yog siv:
- ZTP-50. Ib yam khoom nrog ib tug neeg kho tshuab lossis grating igniter. Hlawv hauv dej hauv 40 vib nas this thiab 50 hauv huab cua. Ua tiav nrog txoj hlua dawb.
- ZTP-150. Hlawv lub sij hawm nce mus rau 100 vib nas this hauv qab dej (150 hauv huab cua). Lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis grating igniter kuj tseem siv.
- ZTP-300. Txoj hlua xiav teeb rau ib feeb (300 vib nas this hauv qab dej).
Incendiary yeeb nkab uassiv lub tshuab igniter, muaj cov hauv qab no:
- Detonator cap.
- Sleeves.
- lub tes tsho aluminium. Nws muaj tus lej ntawm nws uas qhia lub sijhawm deceleration hauv vib nas this.
- Fireproof cord.
- Incendiary Node.
- Cas.
- Drummer.
- Caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog tus pin.
- Rings.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li TK muaj ob lub qhov: tob thiab ntiav. Hauv thawj zaug ntxig ib daim tshev ntawm lub fuse. Hauv qhov no, rub nws tawm los ntawm lub nplhaib yog technically tsis yooj yim sua. Ua li no, lub igniter yog screwed mus rau lub raj sib dhos, lub primer yog screwed rau hauv lub charger, thiab tus pin yog me ntsis lifted thiab xa mus rau hauv ib tug me me qhov. Cov khoom yog tuav los ntawm lub cev ntawm sab laug tes, cov tshev raug rub tawm nrog sab tes xis.
Vim li ntawd, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pib ua rau lub nruas, uas tho lub CD. Qhov no yog ua raws li qhov hluav taws kub ntawm txoj hlua, lub txim taws uas pib tawg ntawm tus nqi.
Hais txog kev tua hluav taws tawg. Tsev
Thaum tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw, tus kws ua haujlwm ua ntej txhua yam npaj ib ntu ntawm OSH. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua yuav nyob ntawm tus lej ntawm tus nqi thiab lub sijhawm nws siv tus kws kho mob pyrotechnician los nkaum hauv npog. Yog tias tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev tawg, ces lub sijhawm los pib tag nrho cov TK yog ntsuas ntxiv. Yog hais tias tus nqi tawg nyob rau hauv av, ces nws yuav yooj yim dua rau ignite OSH nrog ib tug ntev ntawm tsawg kawg yog 250 mm. Tom ntej no, siv rab riam qhuav thiab ntse, txiav qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees. Qhov kev pom zoo no yog vim li casqhov tseeb tias qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov hmoov core hauv OSH tshwm sim sai dua yog tias qhov txiav yog ua ntawm lub kaum sab xis tshaj plaws. Qhov thib ob kawg yog txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Cov kws tshaj lij siv cov txheej txheem ntoo. Yog li ntawd qhov kev txiav tsis tig tawm kom ntub thiab cov hmoov phom tsis nchuav tawm ntawm lub hauv paus, qhov txiav yuav tsum tau ua nrog ib lub siab muaj zog.
thib ob
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tshem lub hau detonator los ntawm cov ntawv xaum. Nws yog ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas ua ntej siv. Yog tias pom muaj teeb meem, nws raug xa mus rau kev sib yuav. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov specks tau nkag mus rau hauv lub capsule. Txhawm rau tshem tawm lawv, lub thoob ntawm CD yog maj mam rub rau ntawm tus ntsia thawv. Cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Txwv tsis pub, qhov pib ntawm qhov tawg yuav tshwm sim. Qhov kawg ntawm txoj hlua hluav taws xob, uas yog txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis, ua tib zoo ntxig rau hauv lub tes tsho kom txog thaum nws nres. OR yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv CD yooj yim. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nias los yog tig, txwv tsis pub nws yuav pib tawg ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav. Yog hais tias tus pyrotechnician txiav txim siab tias txoj hlua hauv lub tes tsho yog xoob dhau, ces nws qhov kawg yog qhwv nrog cov ntaub nplaum los yog ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm crimping, CD thiab igniter qaum yog tsau. Tib lub sijhawm, OSH tuav ntawm sab laug tes, tuav tus primer nrog tus ntiv tes ntsuas.
Crimp yog thov nrog sab tes xis. Nws yog ntshaw tias nws qhov qis yog flush nrog kev txiav ntawm CD los yog txiav ntawm primer protrudes los ntawm 0.2 cm. Lub ignition tube yog crimped nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Tom qab txhua qhov compression, koj tuaj yeem loosen qhov compression thiab tig TZ, lossis koj tuaj yeem ua kom nws txav tsis tau, ua haujlwm los ntawm crimping ncig nws axis. Cov txheej txheem no raug txiav txim siabua kom raug yog tias lub caj dab txawm tias lub caj dab tau tsim rau hauv CD. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob thiab lub hau blasting.
In xaus
Nws yog txwv tsis pub tsim cov kav hluav taws xob nyob ze qhov chaw uas khaws cov khoom tawg thiab tawm. Cov hlua, blasting caps thiab ignition tubes yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv av txawm nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua. Yog tias nws los nag lossis daus, ST tau tso cai tsuas yog ua nrog lub tsho tiv nag los yog hauv qab lub tsho. Feem ntau ob peb tus kws tshaj lij tawg tau ua haujlwm ib txhij. Yuav tsum muaj 5-meter nrug ntawm lawv.
