Chernobyl, thaj chaw cais tawm… Cov lus no ua rau nco txog qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai uas tshwm sim hauv Ukraine xyoo 1986. Thiab cov hluav taws xob faus hauv av hauv thaj chaw muaj kab mob tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov pov tseg, tag nrho cov khoom siv siv thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear. Muaj ntau qhov chaw zoo sib xws hauv cheeb tsam txwv.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab nws qhov tshwm sim
Lub nroog Chernobyl (Ukraine) hauv xyoo 1970 tau los ua qhov chaw uas nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear uas muaj plaub lub zog. Lub Ob Hlis 4, 1970, lub nroog Pripyat tau tsim los rau cov neeg ua haujlwm Chernobyl thiab lawv tsev neeg. Ntawm no, nyob rau hnub ntawm kev sib tsoo, huab cua huab cua tau poob los ntawm lub zog tawg, yog li ua rau thaj chaw no muaj kuab lom tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw cais tawm.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog rau kev sim ntawm lub turbogenerator nyob rau hauv plaub lub hwj chim unit, nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 26, 1986 ntawm 01: 23, lub ntiaj teb no-nto moo kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag tau tshwm sim. Tsis tsuas yog Pripyat, Chernobyl (Ukraine), tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Belarus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj hmoo tawg. Lub zos, cov zos thiab cov nroog nyob ib ncig ntawm peb caug-kilometerthaj chaw cais tseem suav tias yog "tuag", uas yog, cov neeg tsis nyob hauv.
Cov hluav taws xob keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev sib tsoo yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tawg ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws xob, uas, tau kawg, tau zais los ntawm tsoomfwv USSR tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, tab sis los ntawm tag nrho. lub teb chaws. Tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv Pripyat hnub no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj kev huam yuaj tshwm sim, cov neeg ua hauj lwm rau lub chaw nres tsheb tseem ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, Chernobyl tsis tuaj yeem hu ua deserted. Niaj hnub no, thaj chaw cais kuj tseem nyob hauv qee qhov chaw, tab sis twb yog cov neeg nyob hauv lawv tus kheej - cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau qis dua txhua xyoo, yog li qee qhov chaw yuav haum rau lub neej.
Chernobyl khib nyiab hauv av feem ntau yog qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm ntau hom tsheb, xws li Mi-26 thiab Mi-8 helicopters, tsheb thaiv, rov qab thiab tshuaj xyuas tsheb, cov tsheb thauj mus los, tsheb, cov neeg ua haujlwm thauj khoom, tsheb thauj neeg mob, excavators thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv "radioactive" yog kwv yees li 46 lab US las raws li tus nqi ntawm 1986 (1 duas - 72.5 kopecks).
thaj chaw faus neeg ntawm Chernobyl tsis yog tsuas yog nrog cov tsheb uas koom nrog kev tshem tawm hluav taws, tab sis kuj nrog cov tsheb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Pripyat. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee qhov tseem siv thaum pib hluav taws.
PZRO Podlesny
Lub chaw pov tseg hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tsim los txhawm rau cais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm ib puag ncig, uas koom nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm plaubunit zog. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, ua tsaug uas nws tau muab tso rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1986. RWDF nyob ntawm 1.5 km ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Podlesny ua liaj ua teb.
Qhov chaw rau qhov chaw faus neeg raug xaiv tsis muaj hmoo, vim nws yog ntug dej ntawm Pripyat backwater, uas txhais tau ib mais ntawm tus dej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev npaj no yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias cov thawv ntim khoom thiab cov thawv ntim nrog cov khib nyiab tuaj yeem poob lawv nruj dhau sijhawm.
Environmental hem
Tam sim no, txhua qhov chaw khaws cia, xws li Podlesny RWDS, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Rau qhov no, cov qhov dej tshwj xeeb tau tsim, nrog kev pab ntawm cov dej hauv av tau kuaj xyuas.
Lub faus hauv av cov pob zeb ua vaj tse tau maj mam deteriorate. Cov thawv khib nyiab tsim cov khoom loj ntawm lub hauv paus slab, thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog cov tsos ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Txhua xyoo qhov kev cia siab no nce qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau hauv av thiab dej hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, RWDF nyob rau hauv thaj chaw dej nyab, uas tuaj yeem raug dej nyab thaum lub sijhawm dej nyab ntawm tus dej Pripyat. Qhov xwm txheej no yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov xwm txheej hauv xov tooj cua hauv cheeb tsam cais tawm.
PZRO "Buryakovka"
Qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm Chernobyl tsis yog thaj chaw hauv Podlesny nkaus xwb. Kuj tseem muaj qhov chaw ze ze "Buryakovka", tsim los ntawm VNIPIET lub koom haum, uas yog raws li cov chaw cia khoom uas tseem ua haujlwm hauv Soviet Union. Cov khoom no suav nrogua haujlwm rau lub Ob Hlis 1987. Nws khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg ntawm thawj pab pawg.
Qhov chaw cia khoom npog thaj tsam ntawm 1200 x 700 meters. Ntawm no muaj 30 trenchs. Ntawm no, tag nrho cov kev cai tsim nyog los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis tau raug ua tiav lawm. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas RWDF nyob ntawm qhov deb txaus los ntawm cov dej qhib.
Txog tam sim no, ntau yam khoom los ntawm Pripyat thiab Chernobyl tau raug xa mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Buryakovka, nrog rau qhov ntawd, xyoo 1996, nws tau txiav txim siab nthuav dav. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem nqa tau 120,000 m³ ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntxiv.
PZRO "3rd theem ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag"
Raws li txoj cai, thaj chaw faus neeg ntawm Chernobyl tau tsim ncaj qha ntawm ib sab ntawm lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob puas, uas tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev txav ceev ceev ntawm cov khoom siv sib kis thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm lub tsev thib plaub. Yog li, RWDS "3rd theem ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag" yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej.
pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia poob rau xyoo 1986. Cov ntsiab lus no yog ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Los ntawm saum toj no, cov seem yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm pob zeb, compacted av thiab av nplaum. Sab nraud, lub vault yog surrounded los ntawm barbed hlau. Txij li thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1988, PZRO tau ua ib lub chaw mothball uas tub ceev xwm saib xyuas.
3rd theem radioactive pov tseg qhov chaw faus, zoo li txhua qhov chaw faus Chernobyl, yog qhov txaus ntshai rau ib puag ncig. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, environmentalists raug qhia kom nres kiag liua haujlwm ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub pas dej txias yuav tsum tau qis dua ntawm lub foreshore. Yog li, yuav muaj qhov txo qis hauv av mus rau theem ntawm yuav luag plaub meters. Cov kev ua no yuav pab txo qis cov radionuclides hauv ntiaj teb.
Rassokha li lwm qhov chaw faus neeg
Ua ntej muaj kev puas tsuaj, cov pej xeem ntawm lub zos Ukrainian no yog 416 tus neeg ntawm 188 tsev neeg. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv qhov qub kev sib hais haum no muaj txog li ib thiab ib nrab txhiab daim ntawm ntau yam khoom siv - los ntawm helicopters mus rau tsheb npav, feem ntau ntawm cov uas tau muab pov tseg nyob rau hauv 2013.
Nyob rau hnub ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo, lub ntsiab lus rau kev ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob ze Rassokha. Vim li ntawd, txhua lub tshuab thiab cov neeg hlau tau raug faus lossis tso rau saum npoo av.
