State Hermitage. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): ib phau ntawm paintings

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Cov chaw twg uas cov neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj xyuas feem ntau thaum lawv tuaj rau St. Lub Hermitage, Kunstkamera thiab cruiser Aurora.

Dab tsi ua rau Hermitage tshwj xeeb?

Nov yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai-keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej. Nws yog nto moo thiab nrov li Louvre, British Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Art. Lub Xeev Hermitage khaws 3 lab cov khoom pov thawj, uas muaj 15,000 paintings ib leeg. Nws tau raug xam tias yog tias koj siv sijhawm 1 feeb ntawm txhua qhov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, ces nws yuav siv sijhawm … 8 xyoo los saib tag nrho cov kev sau ntawm Hermitage! Thiab qhov no yog coj mus rau hauv tus account tsuas yog mus tas li exhibitions, tab sis tsis yog ib ntus exhibitions. Lub Hermitage npaj ib lub kaum os ntawm no txhua lub hlis. Thiab qhov ntev ntawm txhua txoj kev hauv tsev yog 20 km. Tab sis lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub teev thiab tsis yog nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm khaws cia, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub fact tias muaj ntau yam keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no paintings thiab lwm yam art.

Nws nyob qhov twg?

Qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog nyob rau ntawm Palace Embankment. Lub Xeev Hermitage yog ib lub tsev ntawm tsib lub tsev (lub caij ntuj no Palace, Lub Tsev Kho Mob Tshiab, Lub Tsev Kho Mob Loj, Lub Chaw Me Me thiab Hermitage Theatre). Lub ntsiab nkag yog nyob ntawm: Palace Square, 2.

Teem sijhawm ua haujlwm

Lub Xeev Hermitage Tsev khaws puav pheej tau npaj tos txais cov neeg tuaj saib hnub Tuesday txog hnub Sunday, pib ntawm 10.30. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm - 18.00, tab sis hnub Wednesday - 21.00. Hnub so - Monday. Tab sis ua tib zoo saib: cov chaw pib pib nres muag daim pib ib teev ua ntej kaw. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los npaj kev ncig xyuas Hermitage rau ntau teev ua ntej noj su thiab hnub ua haujlwm - muaj neeg tsawg dua. Tab sis hnub so, qee zaum koj yuav tsum sawv hauv kab li ib teev.

Daim pib nqi

Daim pib mus rau Hermitage kuj pheej yig. Rau cov pej xeem ntawm Russia, tus nqi yuav yog 100 rubles, rau pensioners, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov me nyuam - dawb xwb. Cov neeg txawv teb chaws yuav tau them 350 rubles. Tab sis txhua txhua hnub Thursday ntawm lub hli yog ib hnub dawb rau sawv daws.

History of Creation

Xyoo 1764, Catherine II tau yuav 225 daim duab los ntawm kev sau los ntawm German tub lag luam Johann Gotzkowski. Qhov kev sau no yog npaj rau King Frederick II ntawm Prussia, tab sis vim muaj teeb meem nyiaj txiag, nws tsis tuaj yeem txhiv nws. Cov tub lag luam uas muaj kev lag luam tau muab ua qhov no rau Lavxias Empress, thiab nws tau pom zoo yam tsis muaj hesitation thiaj li yuav qhia tawm rau pem hauv ntej ntawm German huab tais. Txij li thaum Gotzkowski tsis muaj kev paub tob txog kev kos duab, cov khoom sau suav nrog cov duab kos duab uas tsis zoo (piv rau cov uas tuaj tom qab). Cov no yog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb los ntawm Dutch thiab Flemish masters, nrog rau qee qhov haujlwm los ntawm Italian cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 17th. Tab sis ntawm lawv, cov hauj lwm ntawm Hals thiab Sten yuav tsum raug sau tseg.

Xyoo no (1764) yog suav tias yog xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Hermitage, txawm hais tias tsis muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv lub ntsiab lus niaj hnub ntawm lo lus. Hauv tsib xyoosQhov kev nrhiav tau hauv qab no tau tshwm sim: 600 paintings los ntawm tus kheej sau ntawm Count von Brühl. Nov yog cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: "Portrait ntawm Ib Tug Txiv Neej Hauv Liab" los ntawm Rembrandt, "Perseus thiab Andromeda" los ntawm Rubens thiab lwm tus.

Lwm 400 daim duab yuav los ntawm Fabkis tus sau Pierre Crozat. Yog li, "Holy Family" los ntawm Raphael, "Judith" los ntawm Giorgione, "Danae" los ntawm Titian, "Portrait of the maid of Infanta Isabella" los ntawm Rubens, "Tus kheej-portrait" los ntawm Van Dyck tau tshwm sim hauv St. Petersburg.

Rau Catherine, kev nrhiav tau ntawm cov txuj ci hauv ntiaj teb no feem ntau yog kev coj ua nom ua tswv los qhia tias Lavxias teb sab Empire yog ib lub tebchaws tsim thiab tsis yog neeg pluag uas muaj peev xwm them taus xws li khoom kim heev. Nyob rau hauv 1774, 2080 paintings nyob rau hauv muaj ntawm Empress, tab sis tsis muaj pej xeem nkag tau rau lawv. Catherine cov lus nto moo uas tsuas yog nws thiab nas qhuas lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm no. Txawm hais tias tom qab nkag mus rau cov chav tsev tau qhib, tab sis nrog kev tso cai tshwj xeeb.

Tom qab ntawd, Hermitage tau txais cov khoom muaj nqis coj los ntawm lub tsev loj ntawm cov nom tswv thiab lwm cov vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm Yusupovs, Stroganovs, Sheremetevs. Lwm lub koom haum kuj pub lawv cov khoom pov thawj rau Hermitage.

Painting collection

Ua tsaug rau cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Hermitage, ib tus tuaj yeem taug qab keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb pleev xim thiab saib seb daim duab ntawm Askiv, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Ltalis, Fabkis thiab lwm lub tebchaws tau tsim. Piv txwv li, cov khoom sau muaj 7,000 paintings los ntawm European artists nkaus xwb, pib los ntawmNrab Hnub nyoog thiab xaus nrog lub xyoo pua xeem. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov chaw ua yeeb yam mus tas li, kuj tseem muaj kev nthuav qhia ib ntus. Lub Hermitage ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev khaws cia cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj txiaj ntsig yav dhau los, yog li qee cov qauv qhib rau pej xeem tsuas yog ob peb lub lis piam hauv ib xyoos txhawm rau khaws cia.

Lub tsev ntawm Western European kos duab tau dai kom zoo nkauj raws li lub sijhawm thiab thaj chaw, uas yog, ib qho muaj cov neeg pleev kob ntawm ib lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cov duab ntawm Italian paintings ntawm 13th-18th centuries boasts xws masterpieces xws li Simone Martini's Annunciation, Benois Madonna thiab Litta Madonna los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Tsev Neeg Dawb Huv.

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Flemish zoo nkauj ntawm 17th-18th centuries yog nplua nuj heev. Kev txaus siab ntawm kev sau yog 32 daim duab los ntawm Rubens ("Lub Tebchaws ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb thiab Dej", "Bacchus" thiab lub voj voog loj thiab zoo nkauj), 24 ua haujlwm los ntawm nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv Van Dyck ("Self-Portrait").

Cov duab ntawm Spanish painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 18th muaj cov duab kos los ntawm El Greco ("Cov Thwj Tim Peter thiab Paul"), Velazquez ("Fabfast"), de Goya ("Portrait of the actress Antonia Zarate"). Ib tug tuaj yeem soj ntsuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm gothic thiab muaj tseeb nyiam, nrog rau cov caravaggism.

Kev nplua nuj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov duab kos (kwv yees li 1000) los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam Dutch, suav nrog thaum ntxov thiab lig Rembrandts.

Raws li nyob rau hauv Hermitage,Lus Askiv painting tsuas yog sawv cev hauv Great Britain xwb. Ntawm qhov txaus siab yog cov haujlwm ntawm tsev hais plaub portrait painters. Ib qho ntawm cov duab nto moo hauv ntiaj teb yog "Portrait of a Lady in Blue" los ntawm Thomas Gainsborough.

Nyob rau hauv chav ua yeeb yam ntawm Fabkis cov duab kos duab ntawm XV-XVIII centuries, qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm classicist Nicolas Poussin. Thiab cov sau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub XIX - XX centuries yog rightfully suav hais tias yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo Monet ("Lady in the Garden", "Waterloo Choj"), thiab Renoir ("Cov Ntxhais Nrog Ntxuam"), thiab Degas ("Concorde Square"). Qhov kev txaus siab ntawm qhov kev sau no yog 38 thawj los ntawm Matisse thiab 31 los ntawm Picasso.

Nyob hauv chav ntawm German kos duab, tus tswv ntawm Berlin thiab Munich cov tsev kawm sawv tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd tseem ceeb yog cov kev sib ntaus sib tua canvases mob siab rau Patriotic War ntawm 1812 thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm Friedrich nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm romanticism.

Tsis ntev los no, Lub Xeev Hermitage tau txais Malevich's Dub Square. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Qhov xaus yog dab tsi? Koj tuaj yeem tham ntev ntev txog kev tsim vaj tsev monuments thiab sculptures ntawm Hermitage. Tab sis kev nyeem txog cov masterpieces ntawm painting yog tsis txaus siab ntau dua li txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj hesitation, koj yuav tsum mus yuav daim pib mus rau lub Hermitage rau tag nrho tsev neeg. Nws yuav yog kev kawm.