Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, ntau yam qauv ntawm cov phom tau raug tsim. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam, xws li cov qauv German STG 44 rab phom tua phom thiab Kalashnikov rab phom tua phom sawv hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov riam phom no tau siv dav los ntawm cov tog neeg sib ntaus sib tua hauv Great Patriotic War. Muaj ntau qhov sib xws ntawm German STG 44 phom phom phom thiab AK. Tag nrho cov qauv tsim ntawm ob qho tib si qauv feem ntau paub rau cov kws tshaj lij. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias tus thawj coj ntawm Belgian FN FAL txoj kev loj hlob, uas tau txais los ntawm NATO thiab tau los ua tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb rau ntau yam riam phom niaj hnub no, suav nrog AK-47, yog German STG 44 rab phom tua phom.
Qhov tseeb no ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntau dua rau riam phom ntawm cov tub rog Wehrmacht. Cov ntaub ntawvhais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, ntaus ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm German STG 44 rab phom tua phom yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Qhia rau riam phom
Assault rifle STG 44 (Sturmgewehr 44) yog rab phom phom German tsim thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 450 txhiab units tau tsim los ntawm German kev lag luam. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, German phom phom phom STG 44 yog thawj cov qauv tsim ntau ntawm cov phom tshuab. Piv rau cov phom submachine siv thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, cov phom loj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho tus nqi ntawm kev tua. Qhov no ua tau vim yog siv cov mos txwv muaj zog ntau dua hauv German STG 44 rab phom tua phom (daim duab ntawm riam phom tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm). Xws li ib daim cartridge tseem hu ua "intermediate". Tsis zoo li rab yaj phom cartridges siv hauv rab yaj phom thiab rab phom submachine, rab phom phom tau txhim kho cov khoom sib tw.
Hais txog keeb kwm ntawm German phom phom STG 44
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv nruab nrab, ua tiav xyoo 1935 los ntawm Magdeburg caj npab tuam txhab Polte, cim qhov pib ntawm kev tsim phom German. Cov mos txwv caliber ntawm 7.92 hli ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws zoo ntawm qhov deb tsis ntau tshaj li ib txhiab meters. Qhov ntsuas no ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov cartridges los ntawm Wehrmacht's Ordnance Department. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv xyoo 1937. Tam sim no, tom qab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm German gunsmiths, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm tau xaus lus tias yuav tsum muaj daim cartridge zoo dua. Txij li cov khoom tsim muaj riam phomtau hloov mus ua tsis tsim nyog rau lub peev xwm thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov mos txwv tshiab, nyob rau hauv 1938 ib lub tswv yim tau tsim raws li lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau lub teeb tsis siv neeg phom qauv uas yuav los ua ib tug tsim nyog hloov rau submachine phom, rov qab phom thiab lub teeb tshuab. phom.
Begin production
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom phom German STG 44 pib nrog qhov xaus ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm Armaments Directorate thiab C. G. Heanel, muaj los ntawm Hugo Schmeisser. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus, lub tuam txhab caj npab yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg rau lub tshuab nruab nrab tshiab. Cov phom MKb tau dhau los ua riam phom zoo li no. Xyoo 1940, thawj cov qauv raug xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. W alther kuj tau txais qhov kev txiav txim zoo sib xws. Ob xyoos tom qab, ob lub tuam txhab xa lawv cov qauv - MKbH thiab MKbW qauv - rau Hitler rau kev txiav txim siab. Cov tom kawg (MKbW phom), raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj thiab "capricious". Cov cuab yeej muab los ntawm C. G. Heanel, tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Hom phom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm: kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntseeg siab, durability ntawm riam phom thiab yooj yim ntawm disassembly tau txais txiaj ntsig. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tus qauv no tau teev tseg raws li MKb.42. Wehrmacht's Arms Department Minister Albert Speer tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv thov kom xa ob peb yam piv txwv mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj tom qab qee qhov kev hloov pauv.
Kev txhim kho dab tsi hauv MKb.42?
- USM tau hloov los ntawm W alter trigger system. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, xws li kev hloov pauvyuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv ib qho kev tua.
- Kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm sear.
- rab phom tau nruab nrog txoj kev nyab xeeb.
- Luv lub raj ntawm cov roj chamber thiab nruab nrog 7 hli qhov tsim los tawm ntawm cov hmoov av seem. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov huab cua nyuaj tau tso tseg tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv phom.
- Lub tes tsho qhia tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
- Lub lug rau mount lub bayonet tau raug tshem tawm.
- Simplified Tshuag tsim.
1943-1944
Tus qauv hloov kho hauv cov ntaub ntawv twb tau teev tseg ua MP-43A. Tsis ntev nws tau mus ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog German thiab raug xa mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj rau cov tub rog ntawm 5th SS Panzer Division "Viking". Xyoo 1943, kev lag luam German tau tsim ntau dua 14 txhiab units ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no. Hauv xyoo 1944, tus qauv tshiab tau muab rau tus qauv - MP-44. Qee cov keeb kwm qhia tias nws yog Hitler uas tau hloov npe MP-44 rau Stumgever STG 44.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm thawj phom phom German tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Nazis. Kev siv cov riam phom zoo li no tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm German infantry. German phom phom phom (Sturmgewehr) STG 44 tau ua tub rog nrog xaiv pawg ntawm Wehrmacht thiab Waffen-SS. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tsim tsawg kawg yog 400,000 riam phom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv no tau pib siv dav hauv theem kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tsis muaj mos txwvrau German phom phom STG 44. Ib daim duab ntawm cov cartridges tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, qhov tsis muaj mos txwv tsis pub riam phom ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.
Post-war
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm German phom phom phom STG 44 tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau hauv lawv cov ntawv sau los ntawm Nazi generals. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj mos txwv, riam phom tau pom nws sab zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm tias thaum kawg ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, thawj German phom phom STG 44 tsis nco qab. Txog xyoo 1970, tus qauv tau ua haujlwm nrog tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog ntawm ob lub tebchaws Yelemes nws tus kheej thiab ntau lub xeev Western. Raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv, German STG 44 rab phom phom raug siv los ntawm ob tog sib ntaus sib tua thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv Syria.
Device Description
Rau rab phom, muaj hom roj ua haujlwm ntawm automation. Hmoov gases tawm los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lub thoob. Lub chim channel yog kaw los ntawm tilting lub shutter. Cov phom loj yog nruab nrog cov roj chamber unregulated. Yog tias tsim nyog, ntxuav lub tshuab, lub chamber plugs thiab cov pas nrig pab yog unscrewed. Rau cov txheej txheem no, muaj ib qho punch tshwj xeeb. Lub German phom phom phom STG 44 yog nruab nrog lub tshuab ua kom zoo. Cov riam phom yog yoog rau kev tua ib leeg thiab hauv ib qho. Lub hom yog tswj los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb txhais lus, qhov chaw ntawm uas yog tus trigger guard. Qhov kawg ntawm tus neeg txhais lus tau tso tawm rau ob sab ntawm lub receiver thiab yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nyees khawm nrog ib tug corrugated nto. Tawm musntawm German STG 44 phom phom tua hluav taws, hluav taws kub nyhiab, tus neeg txhais lus yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv txoj hauj lwm D. Ib qho hluav taws kub ib leeg tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm E. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus tswv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tsis tau npaj tseg, cov neeg tsim khoom tau nruab cov riam phom nrog lub zog ruaj ntseg, uas nyob rau ntawm lub receiver hauv qab no tus txhais lus. Lub kauj khawm yog thaiv yog tias lub fuse yog teem rau txoj hauj lwm F. Sab hauv ntawm lub pob tw tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rov qab. Qhov tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom no tsis suav nrog kev tsim cov kev hloov kho nrog cov khoom folding.
About mos txwv khoom
Cartridges ntawm 30 daim yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug detachable sector ob-kab magazine. Cov tub rog Wehrmacht tau nruab phom phom nrog 25 puag ncig. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tsis muaj zog hauv cov khw muag khoom, tsis tuaj yeem muab cov mos txwv zoo tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1945, ib pawg ntawm 25 cov ntawv xov xwm thoob plaws tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, German designers invented tshwj xeeb locking pab kiag li lawm uas txwv cov cuab yeej rau 25 rounds ntawm standard magazines.
About sights
Lub phom German tau nruab nrog lub ntsej muag pom, uas muab kev tua zoo ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 800 m. Lub aiming bar yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb faib, txhua qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 m. Cov phom nrog optical thiab infrared pom tsis suav nrog.
About accessories
Suav nrog rab phom yog:
- 6 lub khw.
- Lub tshuab tshwj xeeb uas cov ntawv xov xwm tau nruab nrog cov mos txwv.
- Belt.
- 3 tus neeg txais khoom.
- Ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb siv los tshem tawm cov roj chamber. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej no tau siv los tshem tawm cov neeg tiv thaiv.
- Xov xwm. Nws muaj ib tug txhuam rau tu lub thoob bore.
- User's manual.
About grenade launchers
Lub Wehrmacht's Weapons Department tau tsim qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom rab phom tua phom yuav tsum tsim nyog rau kev tua cov grenades. Thawj cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom tau tshwm sim los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb xov uas cov nplaim ntes tau mounted. Lawv tau txiav txim siab siv cov xov mount rau nruab grenade launchers ntawm German STG 44 phom phom loj. Nws muab tawm hais tias xws li ib tug tsim yog unpromising. Txhawm rau hloov lub grenade launcher rau tus qauv kev ua phem, ib pawg phom loj (MP 43) tau tsim, uas nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub chim muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ledge. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pedestals rau cov yoov yuav tsum tau rov ua dua.
Kev teeb tsa lub foob pob tawg ua tau tsuas yog tom qab kev siv cov kev tsim kho no. Txij li cov mos txwv rau grenade launchers, tsis zoo li phom loj grenade launchers, tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam, cov neeg tsim khoom ntsib teeb meem vim tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.tshem tawm cartridge. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm siv riam phom tsis siv neeg, hmoov gases tau noj thaum siv mos txwv, lub siab xav tau tsis txaus los tua cov grenade los ntawm rab phom. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum tau tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Hauv xyoo 1944, ob lub thawv tshem tawm tau tsim: ib qho nrog tus nqi ntawm 1.5 g yog npaj rau kev tua cov grenades tawg, thiab qhov thib ob nrog tus nqi ntawm 1.9 g yog armor-piercing-cumulative. Xyoo 1945, riam phom tau ua tiav kev sim. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev pom tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tsim rau cov phom loj uas tua grenades, uas tsis tau ua tiav.
About curved devices
Cov phom tua phom raug yoog rau hluav taws los ntawm trenches thiab tom qab tso tsheb hlau luam. Xws li kev tua tau ua tau vim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nkhaus nozzles. Cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv no tsis pub tshaj 250 txhaj tshuaj. Nws yog thawj zaug npaj siv phom phom 7, 92x57 mm. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm sim, nws tau muab tawm hais tias lub hwj chim ntawm xws li cartridges yog siab dhau heev lawm rau nkhaus nozzles, uas ua tsis tau tejyam tom qab ib puas txhaj tshuaj. Cov neeg tua phom txiav txim siab siv cov cartridges 7, 92x33 mm.
1944 yog xyoo ntawm kev qhia txog thawj cov khoom siv nkhaus rau rab phom tua phom. Lub nozzle tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 90-degree nkhaus rifled chim. Qhov tshwj xeeb tau muab rau cov khoom los ntawm cov hmoov gases dim. Nozzle peev txheej, piv nrog thawjcov qauv, cov neeg tsim qauv tswj kom nce mus txog 2 txhiab txhaj tshuaj. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees tau muab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas ntawm curvature tsis haum rau German infantrymen. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum hloov lub kaum sab xis mus rau 45 degrees. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev ntsuam xyuas, nws tau pom tias lub kaum sab xis zoo li no muaj qhov hnav sai ntawm lub nozzles. Yog li ntawd, lub curvature Performance index yuav tsum tau txo mus rau 30 degrees. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej no, cov tub rog German tuaj yeem tua cov grenades. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub hom phiaj no, lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub nozzles tau sheathed, txij li thaum ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm gases yuav tsum tau rau lub community launch txog ib tug grenade. Kev tua ntau ntawm cov phom tua phom tua phom yog 250 m.
Xyoo 1945, Deckungszielgerat45 tau tsim. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej no, cov tub rog German tau muaj sijhawm los tua cov grenades los ntawm qhov chaw nyob puv puv. Cov cuab yeej yog ib lub thav duab uas ib rab phom txuas nrog kev pab los ntawm cov latches tshwj xeeb. Qhov qis dua ntawm tus ncej tau nruab nrog lub taub qab hlau ntxiv thiab ib rab phom ntoo tuav. Nrog nws txhais tes mechanism, nws tau txuas nrog lub trigger ntawm rab phom. Aiming tau ua tiav siv ob daim iav teeb ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees.
TTX
- STG 44 hais txog riam phom tsis siv neeg.
- Nyhav - 5.2 kg.
- Qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov phom ntev yog 94 cm, lub thoob yog 419 mm.
- Tua riam phom nrog mos txwv 7, 92x33 mm. Calibre 7, 92 mm.
- Lub projectile hnyav 8.1 g.
- Cov mos txwv raug rho tawm muaj qhov nrawm ntawm 685 m/s.
- Automationsiv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hmoov gases.
- Nkauj dho yog xauv los ntawm tilting lub shutter.
- Qhov taw qhia ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev tua hluav taws yog 600 m.
- Ammos supply sector shop.
- Txog 500-600 txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm hauv ib feeb.
- Lub teb chaws tsim khoom - Third Reich.
- rab phom yog tsim los ntawm tus tsim Hugo Schmeisser.
- rab phom nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1942.
- Tag nrho cov khoom siv phom sij yog 466 txhiab
Hais txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, STG 44 yog qhov hloov pauv piv txwv ntawm cov caj npab me me tsis siv neeg. Cov phom loj muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- Qhov tseeb ntawm hits ntawm luv thiab nruab nrab ntau.
- Compactness. rab phom siv tau zoo heev.
- Tus nqi hluav taws zoo heev.
- Zoo ammo ua tau zoo.
- Versatility.
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov zoo tsis txaus ntseeg, STG 44 tsis yog yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm rab phom muaj xws li:
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tsis muaj zog.
- Tsis zoo li lwm cov qauv ntawm phom, STG 44 muaj qhov loj.
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus txais tsis yooj yim thiab pom tsis tau tiav.
- German phom phom uas ploj lawm tes.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, cov kev tsis txaus no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev hloov kho me me, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm rab phom German tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov notsis muaj sij hawm mus rau Nazis.
About the German phom thiab Soviet Kalash
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, German phom phom phom STG 44 thiab AK zoo sib xws. Xyoo 1945, cov neeg Amelikas tau tuav lub nroog Syl. Nws nyob hauv lub nroog no uas lub tuam txhab ntawm H. Schmeisser nyob. Ntseeg tias tus tub lag luam tsis yog Nazi, cov neeg Asmeskas tsis tau ntes nws, thiab tsis muaj kev txaus siab kiag li rau STG 44. Cov tub rog Asmeskas tau lees paub tias lawv cov M1 tsis siv neeg carbines zoo dua li German phom.
Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet, ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv ntim nruab nrab tau ua txij li xyoo 1943. Lub impetus rau qhov no yog cov tsos ntawm ntes phom qauv ntawm Soviet designers. Xyoo 1945, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tua phom raug tshem tawm ntawm Schmeisser cov lag luam hauv USSR.
Xyoo 1946, 62-xyoo-laus Hugo Schmeisser tau mus nrog nws tsev neeg mus rau lub tebchaws Soviet, uas yog mus rau Izhevsk. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, Soviet designers tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm ib tug tshiab tshuab rab phom. Ib tug kws tua phom German tau raug caw mus rau lub tuam txhab ua tus kws tshaj lij. Cov neeg tsim qauv hauv Soviet tau siv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis rau German Schmeisser phom phom phom. Nws yog vim li no tias kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Soviet "Kalash" tseem tsis tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov caj npab me me tsis siv neeg. Ib txhia hais tias AK yog ib daim ntawv zoo ntawm STG 44.
Nyob hauv kaw
Siv cov qauv ntawm cov phom German, cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam Berlin. STG 44 muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev txhim kho tom qab kev ua tsov rog ntxiv ntawm kev siv tsis siv neegriam phom.
Dhau li ntawm Kalashnikov, Belgian cov neeg tsim qauv siv lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom German thaum tsim lub phom FN FAL. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis suav nrog tias STG 44 kuj tau los ua tus qauv rau American M4 carbine, vim tias ob qho tib si qauv yog cov qauv zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv qeb duas ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws me me riam phom tsis siv neeg riam phom, German phom nyob qib 9th.
