PPD-40 yog Soviet-tsim phom submachine tsim los ntawm Vasily Degtyarev nyob rau hauv lub 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem chambered rau caliber 7.62. tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv 1940, riam phom tau siv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-Finnish tsov rog thiab lub thawj battles WWII. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov los ntawm ib rab phom sib dua thiab thev naus laus zis ntau dua Shpagin submachine phom. Hnub no peb yuav xav txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim PPD-40 thiab nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
Backstory
Ua ntej xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm PPD-40, daim duab uas paub txog txhua tus neeg nyiam riam phom, cia peb paub txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim riam phom zoo li no. Submachine phom (PP) tau tshwm sim thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Riam phom ntawm hom no tau tsim los ua kom muaj zog ntau ntawm cov tub rog tub rog thiab muab lub sijhawm kom tau tawm ntawm "kev tsis txaus ntseeg" ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua trench. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, rab phom tshuab tau tsim lawv tus kheej ua ib qho cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo, uas tuaj yeem nres yuav luag txhua tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam, lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau poob qis heev.
Cov phom tshuab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj qhov hnyav thiab feem ntau yog easel. Piv txwv li, tau txais qhov davQhov nrov ntawm Maxim tshuab rab phom tsis muaj lub tshuab hnyav tshaj 20 kg. Nrog lub tshuab, nws qhov hnyav yog unbearable kiag li 65 kg. Kev suav cov phom tshuab no muaj 2-6 tus neeg. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias tsis ntev cov thawj coj tub rog tau xav txog lub zeem muag ntawm kev tsim lub teeb, hluav taws kub ceev uas yuav siv tau thiab nqa los ntawm ib tug tub rog. Yog li peb hom riam phom tshiab tau tshwm sim ib zaug: rab phom tsis siv neeg, rab phom tshuab lub teeb thiab rab phom submachine uas tua phom phom cartridges.
Thawj rab phom submachine tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1915 hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Tom qab ntawd, lwm lub tebchaws uas koom nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb kuj tau tsim cov riam phom zoo li no. Cov phom submachine tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau ntawm WWI, txawm li cas los xij, kev txhim kho ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau los ua lub hauv paus rau ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no.
Pib ntawm kev txhim kho Soviet
Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim PP pib nyob rau nruab nrab-1920s. Nws yog thawj zaug tau npaj tias lawv yuav mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tub ceev xwm qib siab thiab nruab nrab, hloov cov phom thiab rab phom. Tab sis cov thawj coj tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam cov riam phom zoo li no. Vim tias qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev tsis txaus ntseeg, cov phom submachine tau txais koob meej ntawm "tub ceev xwm" riam phom, rab phom cartridge uas tsuas yog siv tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Nyob rau xyoo 1926, Artillery thawj coj ntawm Red Army tau pom zoo cov cai rau cov phom submachine. Cov mos txwv rau riam phom tshiab tsis tau xaiv tam sim ntawd. Thaum xub thawj, nws yuav tsum siv lub cartridge "Nagant" (7, 6238).hli), tab sis tom qab ntawd qhov kev xaiv poob rau ntawm daim cartridge "Mauser" (7.6325 mm), nquag siv hauv riam phom ntawm Tub Rog Liab.
Xyoo 1930, kev sim thawj cov qauv ntawm Soviet submachine phom pib. Peb tus kws tsim riam phom nto moo tau pom lawv cov qauv: Tokarev, Degtyarev thiab Korovin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho peb cov qauv raug tsis lees paub vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb yog vim qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv thiab lawv cov hluav taws kub siab, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tsis txaus.
COIN lees paub
Ntawm ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, ntau dua kaum tus qauv tshiab ntawm cov phom submachine tau sim. Yuav luag txhua tus tsim riam phom nto moo ntawm Soviet Union tau koom nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov kev taw qhia no. Yog li ntawd, Degtyarev submachine phom tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov riam phom tau txais qhov hluav taws kub tsawg, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, PPD yog cov thev naus laus zis ntau dua thiab pheej yig dua li nws cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb. Ntau tus cylindrical qhov chaw (khoom ntim, txais thiab lub taub qab phaj) tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm lub tshuab dhos yooj yim.
Production
Lub Rau Hli 9, 1935, tom qab kev txhim kho, rab phom Degtyarev submachine tau txais los ntawm lub npe PPD-34. Nws tau npaj los muab lawv ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov junior txib ntawm RKKR. Serial zus tau tej cov PPD twb launched nyob rau hauv lub Kovrov cog No. 2.
Ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, tso rab phom submachinetsiv maj mam, muab nws maj mam. Rau tag nrho xyoo 1935, tsuas yog 23 riam phom tawm ntawm kab sib dhos, thiab rau 1936 - 911 daim ntawv. Los ntawm 1940, me ntsis tshaj 5,000 units ntawm Degtyarev submachine phom tau tsim. Kev sib piv: tsuas yog rau xyoo 1937-1938. ntau tshaj peb lab phau ntawv xov xwm phom dov tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos. Yog li, tau ntau xyoo, PPD tseem yog ib hom kev xav paub rau cov tub rog Soviet, uas nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tawm tswv yim thiab kev tawm tsam.
thawj hloov kho
Raws li cov kev paub dhau los hauv kev siv PPD hauv cov tub rog, xyoo 1938 kev hloov kho me me tau tshwm sim. Nws kov tus tsim ntawm lub magazine mount thiab pom mount. Qhov kev paub ntawm ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog (tsuas yog Spanish Civil War) yuam kom cov thawj coj tub rog Soviet hloov nws tus cwj pwm ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no. Maj mam, lub tswv yim tau tsim tias qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim PPD rau Red Army yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv, thiab sai li sai tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yooj yim rau coj qhov no mus rau lub neej: Degtyarev submachine phom yog kim heev thiab nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom loj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1939, lub artillery department tau txiav txim kom tshem tawm PPD los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam ntau lawm kom tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim. Nws hloov tawm hais tias cov thawj coj ntawm Red Army tau lees paub qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phom submachine feem ntau, tab sis tsis tau npaj los tsim cov qauv npaj.
Me ntsis tsawg dua ib xyoos ua ntej pib Tsov Rog Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav, tag nrho PPDs raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam thiab xa mus rau cia. Lawv yeej tsis pom qhov hloov. NtauCov tub rog keeb kwm ntseeg tias qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog qhov yuam kev tag nrho, txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom submachine uas tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ntxiv dag zog rau Red Army hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj. Kuj tseem muaj kev xav tias qhov nres ntawm PPD ntau lawm yog vim qhov tseeb tias SVT-38 rab phom tsis siv neeg nkag mus rau kev pabcuam.
thib ob hloov kho
Cov kev paub tau txais thaum lub sijhawm Soviet-Finnish ua tsov ua rog xyoo 1939-1940 tau tso cai rau peb los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv PP hauv txoj kev tshiab. Cov Finns tau armed nrog Suomi submachine phom, uas nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev zoo li tus qauv Degtyarev. Cov riam phom no tau tswj kom muaj kev txaus siab rau cov lus txib thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Red Army, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sib ntaus sib tua rau Mannerheim Kab. Tom qab ntawd txhua tus paub tias qhov kev tsis lees paub tag nrho ntawm PP yog qhov yuam kev. Cov ntawv raug xa los ntawm sab xub ntiag, nrog rau kev thov kom arm tsawg kawg ib pab tub rog los ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab nrog cov riam phom zoo li no.
Cov lus xaus tau ua raws tam sim ntawd, thiab PPD, uas nyob hauv qhov chaw cia, tau rov ua haujlwm thiab xa mus rau pem hauv ntej kab. Ib hlis tom qab pib ua tsov ua rog, serial zus tau tej cov riam phom tau rov qab los. Tsis ntev, lwm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm rab phom submachine tau npaj tseg, rau kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Kovrov txawm hloov mus rau peb lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nws tau txais lub npe PPD-40. Kev hloov kho yog tsom rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev tsim cov phom submachine thiab txo tus nqi ntawm nws cov khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, PPD tau dhau los ua tus pheej yig dua li rab phom tes.
qhov sib txawv tseem ceebPPD-40 los ntawm tus thawj coj:
- Lub hauv qab ntawm lub casing tau muab cais, tom qab ntawd nws nias rau hauv lub raj.
- Tus txais tau ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj, nrog rau qhov pom kev sib cais.
- Lub shutter tau txais tus qauv tshiab: tus ntaus nrig tau kho tsis muaj zog, nrog tus pin.
- PPD-40 rab phom submachine tau txais lub ejector tshiab nruab nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
- Cov Tshuag tau pib ua los ntawm stamped plywood.
- Tus neeg tiv thaiv tau raug ntaus, tsis yog zeb.
- PP Degtyarev tau txais lub nruas tshiab nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 71 cartridges. Tus tsim yog reminiscent ntawm lub khw PP "Suomi".
Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm PPD-34 thiab PPD-40 yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Serial ntau lawm ntawm riam phom tau launched nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1940. Thawj xyoo, 81 txhiab luam tau tsim. Vim muaj kev ua tsov rog loj heev ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nrog cov phom submachine thaum kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Lub Caij Ntuj Sov, cov lus dab neeg tau tshwm sim tias PPD raug theej los ntawm Suomi. Ua tsaug rau nws cov yam ntxwv zoo sib ntaus sib tua thiab yooj yim disassembly, PPD-40 tau txais kev lees paub sai ntawm cov tub rog.
Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj
PPD-40 rab phom submachine kuj tau siv rau thawj theem ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov los ntawm qhov pheej yig dua thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua PPSh, cov khoom tsim tau yooj yim tuaj yeem npaj tau yooj yim ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam. Kom txog rau thaum 1942, lub PPD-40 tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub besieged Leningrad thiab muab mus rau lub armament ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Leningrad Front. Ntawm cov tub rog German, qhov riam phom no kuj muaj lub koob npe zoo. Hauv ntau cov duab ntawm Hitler'sCov tub rog tuaj yeem pom tau tuav PPD-40 rab phom submachine, cov yam ntxwv uas peb yuav tham hauv qab no.
Tsim
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov riam phom nrov hauv computer game "Heroes thiab Generals" PPD-40 yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm 1st tiam submachine phom, tsim los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov German versions MP18, MP19 thiab MP28. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm automation yog raws li kev siv lub zog uas tau txais los ntawm kev xa rov qab ntawm lub shutter dawb. Cov feem tseem ceeb ntawm software, zoo li tag nrho cov analogues ntawm lub sij hawm, tau nqa tawm ntawm hlau-txiav tshuab. Qhov tseeb kawg tau txiav txim siab qhov kev tsim khoom qis thiab tus nqi siab ntawm lawv cov khoom.
Lub thoob thiab txais
Lub thoob ntawm PPD-40, cov lus piav qhia uas peb tab tom xav txog niaj hnub no, yog phom loj, nrog plaub grooves uas curl ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phom phom (caliber) yog 7.62 hli. Nyob rau hauv lub breech, lub puab bore ntawm lub chim yog nruab nrog ib tug du-walled chamber. Nws muaj ib tug annular protrusion thiab ib tug xov rau txuas lub receiver, raws li zoo raws li ib tug recess rau lub ejector hniav. Sab nraud, lub thoob muaj qhov du, me ntsis tapered nto.
Tus txais ua haujlwm ua ib hom kev sib txuas rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm riam phom. Lub thoob casing yog txuas rau nws pem hauv ntej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiaj li hais tias thaum tua, tus tua tsis hlawv nws txhais tes ntawm lub rwj chim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub casing tiv thaiv lub thoob nws tus kheej los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thaum ntog thiab cuam tshuam.
Shutter
Lub shutter muaj cov hauv qab no:ib lub thav duab, ib tug kov, ib tug drummer nrog ib tug axis, ib tug striker, ib tug ejector nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ib tug fuse ua ke nrog ib tug kov. Lub shutter ncej muaj ib tug zoo li cylindrical. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, nyob rau hauv qab, nws muaj cutouts rau txoj kev ntawm lub magazine lub puab tsaig. Ntxiv rau lawv, lub kaw lus tau nruab nrog: ib lub khob hauv qab lub hau ntawm lub tes tsho; grooves rau lub ejector thiab nws lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav; lub qhov rau tawm ntawm lub striker; qhov (socket) rau tus ntaus nruas; qhov rau lub axes ntawm lub nruas; curly recess rau qhov chaw ntawm lub khw saum toj no tus receiver; ib tug groove rau txoj kev ntawm lub reflector; ib qho zawj, sab nraub qaum uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua platoon; ib qho bevel ntawm phab ntsa tom qab, tsim nyog los pab txhawb kev txav rov qab; qhov rau tus pin kov; groove nyob rau hauv lub shutter kov; thiab thaum kawg, qhia whisks. Kev xa rov qab ntawm pawg ntsia liaj qhov rooj mus rau qhov chaw huab cua yog muab los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm lub tshuab. Nws muaj ib tug reciprocating mainspring thiab lub taub qab phaj nruab nrog ib tug qhia pas nrig. Lub taub qab phaj yog ntsia rau ntawm ntug ntug ntawm lub receiver.
Trigger thiab cuam tshuam mechanisms
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm PPD-40 submachine rab phom (uas ntau tus yuam kev hu ua lub tshuab tsis siv neeg) yog nyob rau hauv lub thawv ntawv, sab nraub qaum, thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos ntawm riam phom, muab tso rau ntawm lub ledge lub thawv thiab txuas rau nws nrog tus pin. Nws tso cai rau koj tua hluav taws tawg lossis txhaj tshuaj ib zaug. Rau kev hloov kev tua hluav taws, tus neeg txhais lus sib raug yog lub luag haujlwm, uas yog tus chij nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus neeg tiv thaiv. Ntawm ib sab, koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe "1" lossis "ib qho" ntawm nws rau kev tua ib lub plhaub, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes - "71" lossis "cont.", rau kev tua ntawmhom tsis siv neeg.
Ntawm tus naj npawb tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom submachine tsim, cov cartridge primer tau tawg los ntawm lub tshuab percussion, uas tau muab cais rau hauv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Tus ntaus nruas ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum lub shutter tuaj rau qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws. Lub fuse nyob rau hauv Degtyarev submachine phom (PPD-40) yog nyob rau ntawm lub cocking kov thiab yog ib tug zawv zawg nti. Los ntawm kev hloov nws txoj hauj lwm, koj tuaj yeem xauv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob rau hauv lub rear (cocked) los yog rau pem hauv ntej txoj hauj lwm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov kev ntseeg ntawm xws li ib tug fuse tshuav ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hnav-tawm riam phom, nws kuj tau siv tom qab PPSh. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv tsim zoo sib xws tau siv rau qee cov ntawv luam ntawm German MP-40.
Khoom
Thawj PPD cov qauv tau pub los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshem tawm uas tuaj yeem tuav tau 25 lub voj voog. Thaum tua, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus kov. Cov qauv ntawm 1934-1938 xyoo tso tawm tau txais ib phau ntawv xov xwm nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 73 rounds. Zoo, PPD-40, kev tshuaj xyuas uas tau los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham niaj hnub no, tau nruab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm zoo sib xws, tab sis rau 71 cartridges.
Kev sib tw
Thaum tua los ntawm riam phom no, aiming yog nqa tawm siv lub sector pom thiab pom pem hauv ntej. Raws li txoj cai, cov cuab yeej no tau tsim los rau kev tua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50-500 meters. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, daim duab kawg tau frankly overestimated, uas yog ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv PP ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov cartridge uas muaj zog heev thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv tsis zoo ntawm cov mos txwv me me, tus kws paub txog kev tua phom tuaj yeem ntaus.ib qho hluav taws kub los ntawm PPD-40 ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 meters. Hauv hom tsis siv neeg, qhov ntsuas no txo qis dua 100 m.
kev sib koom tes
Txhua Degtyarev submachine phom tau muab nrog cov khoom siv. Nws muaj xws li: ib tug ramrod nrog ib tug kov thiab ib tug khub ntawm kev sib txuas nrog wiped, ib tug drift, ib tug ntswj ntsia hlau, ib tug txhuam thiab oiler, muab faib ua ob compartments - rau roj thiab alkaline muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua
Tsis zoo li qhov kev ua si "Heroes thiab Generals", kev txhim kho rau PPD-40 hauv lub neej tiag tiag tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog tau txaus siab rau qhov lawv muaj. PPD-40 hluav taws tau lees paub tias muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100-300 meters, nyob ntawm hom kev tua hluav taws. Yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab nyob deb ntawm ntau tshaj 300 meters, ces ib tug txhim khu kev qha swb tsuas yog los ntawm cov hluav taws kub concentrated los ntawm ob peb PPs ib zaug. Lub zog tuag ntawm cov mos txwv raug rho tawm ntawm qhov riam phom no tau khaws cia txawm nyob deb ntawm 800 m.
Yog li, hom hluav taws kub tseem ceeb tau tua nyob rau hauv luv luv tawg. Los ntawm qhov deb tsawg dua 100 meters, hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, kev tua hluav taws tsis tu ncua tau tso cai, tab sis kev tua ntau dua 4 cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv ib kab raug txwv, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm riam phom. Niaj hnub no, daim duab ntawm PPD-40 tsis zoo li ntshai heev, tab sis rau tag nrho cov PPs ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, tsim nyob rau hauv Parabellum cartridge, uas yog txawv los ntawm qhov phem tshaj ballistic thiab lub hwj chim tsis, qhov ntau ntawm cov hluav taws ntawm cov riam phom no. ua tsis taus pa.
Sib ntaus sib tua
PPDs tau siv hauv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no:
- Txhua kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau USSR ntawm covlub sij hawm.
- Tsov rog hauv Spain. Tom qab muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, xyoo 1936, Soviet Union tau muab ntau tus PPD-34s rau tsoomfwv Spanish.
- Soviet-Finnish tsov rog. 173 PPDs tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1934-1938 raug ntes los ntawm cov tub rog Finnish thiab tau tawm tsam USSR.
- WWII. Cov tub rog ntawm Thib Peb Reich thiab satellites ntawm fascist lub teb chaws Yelemees tau ua tub rog nrog cov khoom plig PPDs. Versions ntawm 1934-38 raug hu los ntawm Germans Maschinenpistole 715(r), thiab PPD-40 - Maschinenpistole 716(r). Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, USSR tau muab ntau tshaj tsib txhiab PPD-40s rau Cov Neeg Liberation Army ntawm Yugoslavia.
- Ib tug naj npawb ntawm cov phom submachine tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog tub rog ntawm Ukrainian Insurgent Army hauv nws cov haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua.
- Kev ua tub rog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine. Hauv xyoo 2014, cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj av Donetsk tau sau tseg tias muaj me me ntawm PPD-40. Cov phom tua phom (feem ntau yog AK-74) yog riam phom tseem ceeb rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, rab phom submachine kuj nrov.
