Hauv peb cov tub rog, rab yaj phom tau txais kev saib xyuas tsawg dua li lwm yam piv txwv ntawm cov caj npab me uas tau ua haujlwm nrog Lavxias Federation. Muaj ntau tus phom taug qab lawv cov pedigree rov qab mus rau lub USSR, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no muaj tiag tiag cov qauv tshiab pib tshwm sim, tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, hom riam phom no tseem tsis tau siv dav.
Yuav kom ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ntau "tus kws tshaj lij", sib tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom no mus rau qhov tsis hnov tsw, tsuas yog pom Stechkin's airsoft phom nyob. Qhov no piav qhia txog kev sib tham tsis txaus ntseeg thiab hais lus sib ntaus sib tua uas tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd tawm mus rau ntawm qhov chaw thematic.
Thaum twg nws tau saws?
Xyoo 1951, SA tau tshwm sim hauv kev pabcuamib tug tshwj xeeb rab yaj phom, lub ntsiab feature ntawm uas yog muaj peev xwm ntawm tsis siv neeg firing. Rau ntau tshaj peb xyoos, txij li thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1948, nws txoj kev loj hlob tsis muaj zog tau ua los ntawm tus kws tua phom hluas Igor Yakovlevich Stechkin. Thaum ntawd, nws nyuam qhuav tuaj koom TsKB-14. Ib tsab qauv tau nthuav tawm rau lawv rau kev txiav txim siab los ntawm pawg thawj coj uas twb muaj lawm xyoo 1949.
Tom qab ntau qhov kev txhim kho, riam phom tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li APS Performance index (Stechkin tsis siv neeg rab yaj phom). Nws cov yam ntxwv tau zoo heev rau nws lub sijhawm uas cov tub ntxhais hluas tsim qauv tam sim ntawd tau txais khoom plig Stalin. rab yaj phom yog tsim los rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm qee ceg ntawm cov tub rog, cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tsis cia siab rau AKM lossis AKS (piv txwv li cov neeg ua haujlwm armored tsheb, piv txwv li). Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus ntseeg tau hais tias thaum muaj kev sib tsoo tiag tiag nrog cov yeeb ncuab, APS rab yaj phom yuav pom tseeb tsis txaus rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tag nrho.
Ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Stechkin traumatic rab yaj phom siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab kev ruaj ntseg uas tsis muaj cai nqa riam phom ua tub rog tau muaj npe nrov.
Scheme of automation
Raws li ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no, rab yaj phom ua haujlwm raws li lub tswv yim blowback. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntoo los yog yas holster, uas ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug Tshuag. Thaum siv nws, qhov tawg ntawm cov mos txwv thaum lub sij hawm tsis siv neeg tua tau txo qis. Cov lus qhia kom tuav rab yaj phom nrog ob txhais tes thiab hluav taws tsis tshua muaj luv luv, hauvob los yog peb puag ncig, tawg.
Qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab txhaj thib peb, lub phom ntawm riam phom tau raug tshem tawm mus rau sab xis sab xis. Yog tias peb tham txog kev tua "cine", thaum rab phom tuav tsuas yog ib txhais tes, ces ntau dua lossis tsawg dua qhov tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob deb ntawm tsib (!) meters lossis tsawg dua. Nco ntsoov tias hauv qee qhov chaw txawv teb chaws cov riam phom no hu ua "Stechkin submachine gun". Kev ruam, tau kawg. Yog lawm, hais txog qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev, nws zoo ib yam li qee yam phom submachine, tab sis nws tseem yog rab yaj phom, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.
Stechkin, ntseeg tau tias qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov hluav taws kub siab hauv cov riam phom zoo li no, muab tso rau hauv rab phom tuav lub tshuab ua kom qeeb hluav taws, uas ib txhij ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kheej lub sijhawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov hluav taws kub poob mus rau 700-740 rounds ib feeb, uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tshwj xeeb layout ntawm lub khw npaj
Tab sis Stechkin rab yaj phom yog qhov nthuav tsis yog rau qhov no xwb. Nws cov yam ntxwv muaj xws li kev siv cov ntawv xov xwm, uas yog qhov tsawg heev rau hom riam phom no, nyob rau hauv uas cov cartridges staggered (hauv ob kab). Qhov nyuaj ntawm no yog tias nws yuav luag tag nrho kev tsim khoom raug ntawm ob lub chamber thiab cov ntawv xov xwm nws tus kheej.
Raws li ntau lwm qhov xwm txheej, thaum cov neeg tua phom yuav luag quaj vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim cartridge hauv tsev, tus qauv 9x18 mos txwv ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau. Stechkin siv sijhawm ntau nqa lub tshuab pub rau lub tshuab ua kom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm. Nws tiv nrog nws txoj hauj lwm ci ntsa iab: rab yaj phom ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws, tsis muaj kev ua tsis zoo rau PM (hauv qhov tsis muaj hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg, thiab yog li nws yooj yim dua kaum zaus). Lub peev xwm ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm yog 20 units. Qhov ntawd yog pes tsawg qhov sib tw hauv Stechkin rab yaj phom.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm txoj haujlwm ntsib tus tsim tawm yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg yog qhov tseeb tias tsis yog Asmeskas lossis European rab yaj phom cov tuam txhab tau hloov mus rau chess kev npaj ntawm daim cartridges hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tam sim no.
About the fuse
Lub fuse hauv rab phom hauv nqe lus nug yog ntawm hom chij, nws nyob ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev tsim, nws kuj yog siv los hloov cov hom kev tua. Lub peculiarity ntawm nws tsim yog hais tias thaum lub USM fuse yog activated, lub rab yaj phom tam sim ntawd (nyob rau hauv tsis siv neeg hom) nqis los ntawm lub combat platoon.
Muaj tus swb nres ntawm sab laug ntawm tus ncej. Lub mounting latch rau lub khw yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv qab ntawm tus kov. Qhov pom yog yooj yim, sector hom. Theoretically tsim rau 200 meters, tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev hwm rau cov hluav taws zoo tsis tshaj 50 meters.
Cov mos txwv tawm hauv lub thoob nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 340 m / s. Txij li thaum cov ntawv xov xwm tuav 20 rounds ib zaug, rab yaj phom muaj qhov kub ceev ntawm hluav taws. Cov qauv thaum ntxov ntawm APS tau txawv los ntawm qhov tsis muaj chrome plating ntawm lub thoob, cov duab ntawm cov grooves rau adjoining lub holster-bolt, thiab kuj yog ib qho txawv me ntsis ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas tus swb. Txawm li cas los xij, uacov thoob los ua chrome-plated sai tom qab thawj Stechkin rab yaj phom mus rau hauv ntau lawm. Nws cov yam ntxwv ua rau cov tub rog nyiam, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau thov kom cov chaw tsim khoom nce riam phom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Tsim
Vim tias tus txhais tau ua ob zaug, thiab qhov ua rau mob stroke ntev heev thiab nruj me ntsis, rab yaj phom nrog lub cartridge nyob rau hauv lub chamber tuaj yeem nqa nrog koj yam tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm ntau yam tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev ntseeg siab, nws tseem yog qhov zoo dua los muab qhov cuam tshuam rau ntawm kev nyab xeeb platoon. Yog li, kev txhaj tshuaj tsis raug suav nrog tag nrho.
Tus kheej-cocking, txawm hais tias nws muaj mob stroke ntev, tseem tso cai rau koj txhaj tshuaj yuav luag tam sim ntawd, yog tias xav tau tshwm sim. Raws li peb tau hais lawm, APS Stechkin rab yaj phom muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntseeg siab, uas tau lees paub tsis yog los ntawm ntau theem kev sim, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev rov qab koom nrog riam phom hauv kev ua phem thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Txawm hais tias lub kaum sab xis qis ntawm tus kov (uas ntau tus neeg tua tsis nyiam) thiab cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo ntawm cov mos txwv siv, qhov tseeb ntawm riam phom yog siab heev.
Nrog ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj, lub zog rov qab thiab pov ntawm riam phom yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Tau txais kev yoog raws, tus neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem tua hluav taws hauv ib qho kev tawg luv luv, ua kom lub hom phiaj sib nrug nrog kev sib tw siab. Qhov zoo ntawm riam phom no muab cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm hais tias muaj hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg, qhov tsim ntawm rab yaj phom tso cai yooj yim nkag mus rau tag nrho nws cov txheej txheem rau kev tu thiab tu.
HowRaws li txoj cai, riam phom tau rov qab rau hauv lub hnub ntawm USSR tuaj yeem tua tsawg kawg 40 txhiab rounds yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Tau kawg, cov springs tseem yuav tsum tau hloov lub sijhawm no.
Qee tus tsim flaws
Txawm li cas los xij, rab yaj phom Stechkin tau sau tsis yog kev tshuaj xyuas xwb, txij li riam phom muaj qhov tsis txaus txaus. Yog li, lub hnab ntim loj heev yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau kev siv, qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev ntawm rab yaj phom ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau, thiab qhov dav "tshaj tawm" hom hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg hloov pauv yuav luag tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev xyaum. Qhov kov ntawm riam phom, uas yuav luag tsis muaj txoj kab nqes, yog qhov tsis yooj yim heev, tsis haum rau kev tua sai sai. Yuav luag txhua tus tub ceev xwm ntseeg tias rab yaj phom APS Stechkin tsis haum rau hnav txhua hnub hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.
Vim li ntawd, cov riam phom tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm kev tsim khoom, feem ntau ntawm APS hauv tub rog tau raug xa mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom pov tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis siv rau ntau lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab KGB. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tsis tshua muaj xws li nqa phom phom hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb, tab sis cov yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom xws li lub zog hluav taws xob siab, qhov tseeb ntawm thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg thiab kev ntseeg siab yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov tub rog no.
Vim li ntawd, rab yaj phom Stechkin thiaj li nyiam nyob ntawm no thiab hauv cov teb chaws ntawm lub qub USSR. Txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus qauv no tau muaj koob meej thiab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob deb ntau nto moo txawv teb chaws tsis yog cov qauv classic, tab sis nws qhov kev hloov kho ntsiag to. Peb yuav qhia txog nws tam sim no. More.
Kev hloov kho ntsiag to
Thaum lub sijhawm Afghan kev sib tw, cov chav tshwj xeeb tau siv rab yaj phom Stechkin nrog lub suab ntsiag to. Qhov no version tau nruab nrog lub suab tshem tawm cov cuab yeej tawm suab (uas yog, lub suab ntsiag to), nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb rau lub xub pwg nyom. Cov cuab yeej kawg hauv txoj haujlwm stowed tau kho ntawm lub muffler. Cov riam phom tau txais qhov ntsuas APB 6P13.
Qhov kev hloov kho no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1972, thiab Stechkin nws tus kheej tsis koom nrog nws txoj kev loj hlob. Stechkin rab yaj phom nrog lub suab ntsiag to tau txais los ntawm ntau lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub koom haum tub ceev xwm hauv tib lub xyoo. Txhawm rau txo qhov ceev ntawm cov mos txwv, nqa nws mus rau subsonic (kom txo cov suab nrov los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj), ntau qhov tau ua rau hauv lub thoob. Muaj kaum ob ntawm lawv, nrog yim nyob ntawm 1.5 cm ntawm lub muzzle, thiab plaub - 1.5 cm ntawm lub chamber.
Muaj ib lub raj tshwj xeeb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thoob, uas cov hmoov gases tom qab txhaj tshuaj nkag mus, dhau los ntawm cov qhov. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, lawv raug pub rau hauv lub expansion chamber ntawm muffler. Tag nrho cov khoom ntxiv (hauv kev sib piv nrog cov riam phom qub) yog tshem tau. Qhov no ua rau lawv nkag tau yooj yim dua thaum ntxuav.
Lub muffler nws tus kheej yog txuas rau lub raj txuas rau ntawm ib qho kev sib koom ua ke. Yog li hais tias cov cuab yeej loj tsis sib tshooj ntawm txoj kab pom, nws nyob eccentrically, tau txav mus rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab ntawm lub thoob. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub muffler, cov neeg tsim qauv tso cov blocks ntawm cov khoom sib cais. Lawv cais cov ntws ntawm cov hmoov av, yog li txo qhov ntim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Txoj kev ncaj nceeskev xaiv uas ntsiag to
Txoj kev loj hlob tau piav qhia saum toj no muaj qhov zoo dua qub: txij li lub suab ntsiag to muaj qhov hnyav hnyav, lub thoob ntawm riam phom tsis ua rau muaj kev tawg ntev ntev hauv hom tsis siv neeg. Yog li ntawd, qhov dispersion ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj ho txo. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub nqaj nres, uas tuaj nrog qhov kev hloov kho ntawm riam phom. Ib zaug ntxiv, peb nco qab tias kev siv lub twj tso kua mis tsis ua rau rab phom ntsiag to nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm philistine ntawm lub sij hawm. Lub cuab yeej tsuas yog zais lub suab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm tus tua.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm yav dhau los USSR, txhua qhov kev hloov kho ntawm APS thiab APB tau siv rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zos feem ntau. Tam sim no, APB tab tom ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog txawj ntse, tshwj xeeb ntawm FSB, GRU thiab Internal Troops ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs. Tsis tas li ntawd, Stechkin pneumatic rab yaj phom, uas nws cov yam ntxwv nyob deb ntawm ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua qauv, yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam shooting ntau yam rau thawj shooting kev kawm.
khoom siv rau kev tswj hwm tus phooj ywg
Thaum APS tau xa tawm txawv teb chaws tsuas yog muaj tsawg xwb. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov khoom plig ntawm tus kheej uas USSR tau ua rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov teb chaws loyal rau nws. Yog li, Fidel Castro thiab Ernesto Che Guevara muaj rab yaj phom no, thiab ob qho tib si ntawm cov thawj coj suav tias lawv nyiam riam phom ntawm tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Stechkin tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm Africa. Ib rab yaj phom uas nws cov yam ntxwv tau muab rau nws siv hauvCov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws, tau hloov mus ua kev hlub tshua los ntawm txhua pawg ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab cov neeg tawm tsam kev ywj pheej.
Tshwj xeeb ntau cov riam phom no tau muab rau Libya, Angola, Mozambique. Ntawm cov neeg nyiam hauv tsev ntawm rab phom no, ib zaj dab neeg tau dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov ncauj. Nws qhov tseeb ua rau qee qhov tsis ntseeg, tab sis cov lus dab neeg tau paub dav.
False or fiction?
Nws raug liam tias lub tuam txhab German Transarms, tau yeem yuav ib pawg ntawm APS (qhov twg thiab los ntawm leej twg tsis paub), rab phom rov ua dua, tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg. Tom qab ntawd, liam tias, qhov riam phom no tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog ib tus tub ceev xwm (!) tsim ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov kiv cua ntawm cov riam phom hauv tsev hauv lub suab ntxhi hais tias txhua qhov no tau ua tiav, txawm tias muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm Heckler und Koch, W alther, Sig Sauer thiab Glock.
Nov lo lus nug tam sim no tshwm sim: vim li cas thiaj li nyuaj? Leej twg xav tau ib tug uas tsis yog-automatic "Stechkin" ntawm tag nrho cov - ib tug rab yaj phom uas nws technicalities yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pronounced precisely vim muaj peev xwm ntawm tsis siv neeg hluav taws? Qee cov lus nug. Yog tias cov neeg German tiag tiag xav tau "hauv tsev" kev ntseeg siab, lawv tuaj yeem tau txais ib pawg ntawm PMM nrog kev ua tiav ntau dua.
Cov ntawv xov xwm loj? Yog li rau qee qhov kev hloov kho ntawm Berett, nws tsis muaj tsawg. Thaum kawg, lub ntsiab tsis to taub. Leej twg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yuav xav tau ib rab yaj phom tua ib tug 9x18 cartridge, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas muaj ntau inferior rau cov 9x19 Parabellum? Hauv ib lo lus, tag nrho zaj dab neeg no yog qhov tsis ntseeg thiab tsis ntseeg.
User tshuaj xyuas
Cov kev xav ntawm cov tswv ntawm Stechkin, uas lawv siv los ua riam phom pabcuam, kuj txawv heev. Ntau tus qhia txog qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj thiab nrhiav lub thoob ntawm riam phom ntawm txoj kab aiming. Raws li "servicemen" ceeb toom, qhov loj qhov ntev ntawm riam phom yog ib feem them nyiaj los ntawm kev xaiv ntawm ib tug neeg ua holster. Txawm hais tias niaj hnub "Yarygin" muaj ntau cov mos txwv muaj zog dua, ntau tus neeg tua neeg nyiam siv "Stechkin" rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav, vim ua tsaug rau nws daim ntawv "licked", nws yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm lub hnab yuav luag tam sim.
Dab tsi ntxiv yog rab yaj phom Stechkin zoo rau hauv thaj teb? Kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Pistol with a capital letter." Cov neeg siv nyiam nws txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog.
Cov neeg sib ntaus feem ntau nyiam siv rab yaj phom no ua ke nrog PM lossis PMM. "Makarov" yog siv thaum lub ntsiab riam phom yog AKM. "Stechkin" yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib txhais tes yog nyob ntawm daim ntaub thaiv, tab sis yuav tsum muaj hluav taws kub tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias qhov qis qis thiab qhov tseeb qis tom qab peb txhaj tshuaj (hauv hom tsis siv neeg), cov tub rog sau tseg tias khob tawm peb caug lub ntsiab lus los ntawm peb hits yog qhov tseeb ntau dua li ntawm PM lossis Yarygin.
Qhov kev thuam tseem ceeb yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov dav thiab qhov tsis xis nyob, lub puab tsaig ntawm lub puab tsaig, uas yog ua los ntawm cov yas tsis zoo heev, plam lub zog ntawm tes hws. Tab sis qhov teeb meem no tau yooj yim daws tau los ntawm kev siv cov roj hmab tshwj xeeb. Xws li "cov khoom siv lub cev" nyob rau hauv ntau yam yog tsim los ntawm ntau Westerncompany.
siv niaj hnub
Raws li peb tau sau tseg lawm, tom qab kev tawg ntawm lub Union, rab phom no tau tswj kom paub txog txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw qub USSR. Rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau Lavxias, Stechkin feem ntau tau ua ke nrog AKS-74U rau kev sib tw hauv Chechnya. Snipers kuj qhuas txog kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm APS. Lub rab yaj phom yog qhov sib zog dua li rab phom submachine thiab AKSU, thiab ntawm qhov luv luv nws qhov ua tau zoo dua me ntsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog qhov hnyav sib npaug, koj tuaj yeem nqa ntau cov cartridges. Nyob rau hauv Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, rab phom no kuj nrov.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm mus sij hawm ntev, nws tau pom tias ntau APS tuaj yeem tua tau txog 45,000 txhaj tshuaj, thiab thoob plaws lub sijhawm no tsis muaj ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj. Tau kawg, kuv yuav tsum tau hloov cov springs, tab sis qhov no tseem ceeb me ntsis.
Tam sim no, rab yaj phom yog ua haujlwm nrog SOBR thiab OMON. Tsis tas li ntawd, FSB thiab FSO fighters nqa nws. Cov koob npe zoo li no tau piav qhia yooj yim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov me me thiab lub zog sib ntaus sib tua siab, piv rau cov peev txheej ntawm rab phom submachine. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum ntxuav chav yog nws cov cuab yeej uas APS mos txwv tsis ricochet, tsis txhob tho ib tug neeg lub cev txoj cai los ntawm. Tau kawg, niaj hnub no rab yaj phom no nyiam nqa mus rau hauv tshwj xeeb ergonomic holsters, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntoo loj.
Thaum muaj kev sib cuag hauv cov zos thiab nroog uas muaj neeg coob coob, nrog rau hauv chav ua vaj tse, APS rab yaj phom yog nyob rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb.riam phom. Niaj hnub no, Stechkin traumatic rab yaj phom kuj paub, uas yog dav tsim los ntawm decommissioned tub rog qauv.
