Poet Nikolai Aseev. Biography thiab muaj tswv yim ua si

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau dhau los ua lub zog txhawb nqa rau qee tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, rau lwm tus - qhov pib ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Txaus siab heev yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev muaj tswv yim rau hauv lub koom haum ideological nruj ntawm Stalinist proletarian cov ntaub ntawv.

Nikolai Aseev yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas mob siab rau qhov no. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm tau sau tseg tias kev lees paub yuav tsum muaj kev txi los ntawm nws, qhov loj ntawm qhov ua tau zoo heev.

Lub tsev ntawm Outback

Nws yug rau lub Rau Hli 28, 1889 hauv lub xeev Kursk, hauv lub xeev me me Lgov, rau hauv tsev neeg txom nyem. Nws txiv yog tus neeg sawv cev pov hwm lossis tus kws tshaj lij agronomist. Qee qhov chaw qhia lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam txiv li Shtalbaum, lwm tus hais tias nws lub xeem tau sau ua Asseev. Niam txiv yawg, Nikolai Pavlovich Pinsky, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv, uas cov tub ntxhais hluas Nikolai Aseev nyob tom qab nws niam thiab nws txiv txoj kev sib yuav thaum ntxov.

Txiv yawg muaj txuj ci ntawm tus neeg hais dab neeg zoo, paub ntau zaj dab neeg thiabnkauj. Nws nyiam qhov xwm txheej, txaus siab qhia nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv rau kev nuv ntses thiab tua tsiaj, yam tsis muaj kev xav txog lub neej. Zaj dab neeg ntawm nws txoj kev sib yuav yog fascinating - nws yuav tus kws sau paj lug yav tom ntej pog los ntawm kev ua cev qhev, poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug hluas peasant poj niam nws tau ntsib thaum mus yos hav zoov. Yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv Nikolai Aseev nyiam mloog cov dab neeg txog cov hnub qub - biography ntawm nws pog Varvara Stepanovna fascinated nws nrog ib tug romantic zajlus.

To Moscow

Nyob rau xyoo 1907, Nikolai kawm tiav los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tiag tiag hauv lub xeev Kursk thiab sai sai tawm mus rau Moscow mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv lub nroog lub tsev kawm ntawv. Txog thaum ntawd, nws twb paub lawm tias kev sau ntawv yog qhov nws xav muab nws lub neej rau. Tom qab dhau los ua ib tug neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv Keeb Kwm thiab Philology ntawm Moscow University, Nikolai Aseev poob rau hauv lub neej tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Niam Saib. Nws cov creation tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab almanacs, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv abundance nyob rau hauv Moscow: Protalinka, Caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Testaments, Primrose.

Raws li tus kws sau paj huam, Nikolai Aseev tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev mob siab rau lub cim, dhau los ua ib tus tsim ntawm pab pawg muaj tswv yim Lyrica thiab Liren. Nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab Kharkov, qhov chaw uas nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm, tus tub hluas los ua ze rau cov kws sau paj lug thiab sau ntawv uas professed ntau yam tshiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lo lus creation: V. Bryusov, V. Ivanov, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak. Nyob rau hauv Aseev cov paj huam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, ib tus tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev txaus siab ntawm lub teb chaws-archaic kab lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv lo lus-tsim ntawm ib tug futuristic xwm.

Lub Sijhawm cua daj cua dub ntawm kiv puag ncig

Txij thaum pib thawj zaugntiaj teb Nikolai Aseev tau ntsib cov nplai ntawm kev sib raug zoo cataclysms. Nws raug sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog, qhov chaw nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tuab ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov pauv. Nws tau raug xaiv los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog 'Deputies thiab koom nrog kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov yeeb ncuab, tawm hauv qhov kev ntxub ntxaug. Aseev tau xaus rau hauv Far East, qhov uas nws txuas ntxiv mus koom nrog cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim, tsim cov futuristic kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab koom haum "Balaganchik".

Nyob rau hauv Aseev cov ntawv - los ntawm pre-revolutionary rau post-Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj - ib tug tuaj yeem pom tag nrho txoj hauv kev ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov lus paj huam. Nyob rau hauv thawj phau ntawv luam tawm los ntawm Nikolai Aseev ("Hmo Flute", 1914), - lub sophistication ntawm cov cim thiab lub outrageousness ntawm futurism, nyob rau hauv lub collections "Zor" (1914), "Letorey" (1915) - lub innovation ntawm lo lus creation., nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv "Bomb" (1921), "Steel Nightingale" (1922), "Council of the Winds" (1923) - qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev xav txog kev cia siab.

Mayakovsky pib

Txij li xyoo 1922, Nikolai Nikolayevich Aseev, uas nws biography txij li xyoo 1914 yog kev txav mus los thoob plaws lub tebchaws - los ntawm Kharkov mus rau Vladivostok, thaum kawg nyob hauv Moscow. Nws tau raug hu los ntawm Far East ntawm tus kheej cov lus qhia ntawm Cov Neeg Commissar of Education A. V. Lunacharsky. Nyob rau hauv lub peev, Aseev, ua ke nrog Mayakovsky, tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Sab laug Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam (LEF), lub koom haum muaj tswv yim uas suav tias nws tus kheej tsuas yog tus neeg tsim nyog ntawm kev kos duab tshiab.

Kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev phooj ywg ntawm tus kheej nrog Vladimir Mayakovsky yog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Aseev lub neej. Absorbing lub revolutionary zog ntawm Mayakovsky cov paj huam, tus kws sau paj lug tsimob peb tej hauj lwm ntawm loj hom thiab ib tug txawv ideological orientation. Cov no suav nrog cov paj huam "Lub Sverdlovsk Cua daj" (1924), "Semyon Proskakov" (1928) thiab "Cov paj huam ntawm Nees nkaum rau rau Baku Commissars" (1925), uas ua rau nws nto moo tiag tiag.

Cov neeg nyeem thiab cov npoj yaig tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov paj huam memoirs txog ib tug phooj ywg thiab tus kws qhia, sau los ntawm Aseev 10 xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Vladimirovich, xyoo 1940 - "Mayakovsky pib." Nov yog qhov qhia txog kev ncaj ncees rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, ua khoom plig rau ib lub sijhawm zoo.

Pros and cons, plus and minus

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus kws sau paj lug tau luam tawm txog 80 sau paj huam, yeej ntau yam khoom plig thiab khoom plig. Aseev nyob outwardly serene lub neej. Tab sis kev soj ntsuam ze ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm qhia tau hais tias muaj qee qhov kev sib tw uas tsis tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm ib tus neeg uas tau koom nrog qhov kev xav tseem ceeb xws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Soviet muaj ib tug kws sau paj lug, ib tug thov txim rau socialist realism, uas txhais cov paj huam ntawm Mao Tse Tung - Nikolai Aseev. "Cov Kab Yooj Yim" - cov nqe lus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hloov maj mam, uas tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau kev tshawb fawb formalistic - kuj yog Aseev. Ib tug venerable Soviet txawj sau ntawv, loyal rau tog kab, uas Marina Tsvetaeva tus ntxhais, Ariadna Efron, ncaj qha liam ntawm indifference, uas coj nws niam mus tua tus kheej, yog Stalin tus laureate Aseev. Ib tug txiv neej uas maj nrawm mus thov daim ntawv tso cai nyob hauv Moscow rau Tsvetaeva tus tub, uas tsis ntshai tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas ua ntej Khrushchev.poets, is also Aseev.

Yuav tsum tso cov paib, ua kev ntsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm tus kheej rau txhua tus, qhov teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm…