The Warthog (A-10 Thunderbolt 2) yog ib lub dav hlau American armored ib-lub rooj nres. Cov cuab yeej tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-seventies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Txawm hais tias lub hnub nyoog muaj koob meej, lub dav hlau tau suav tias yog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws ntu. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab yog tshem tawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lwm yam armored tsheb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Xav txog nws cov yam ntxwv thiab kev muaj peev xwm hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.
Historic moments
Lub Warthog thawj zaug coj mus rau saum huab cua thiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1976. Kev sim sib ntaus sib tua tos Thunderbolt hauv Persian Gulf. Lub tshuab no tshem tawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsheb, piv nrog lwm cov analogues. Ua ntej pib ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Desert Storm, kev cia siab me ntsis tau muab tso rau ntawm lub dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev ua tiav tiav, lawv pib saib cov cuab yeej sib txawv.
Kev hloov kho tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm Warthog aircraft yog A-10C version, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 2007. Tom qab2015, 283 lub dav hlau tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm lub dav hlau tawm tsam pib ntawm $ 11.8 lab.
Yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim
Ntau qhov kev tsim ntawm Thunderbolt 2 lub dav hlau txuas nrog kev tawm tsam thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum xyoo 1960s, Pentagon lub tswv yim muaj ib qho kev qhia coj mus rau kev sib cav sib ceg nrog USSR. Rau qhov no, lub dav hlau nres ntawm F-100, F-101 thiab F-105 hom tau raug ceeb toom. Lawv tau rov nruab rau qhov muaj peev xwm nqa tau cov nqi hluav taws xob nuclear, ua raws li kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov phiaj xwm tsim tawm.
Kev tawm tsam Nyab Laj tau yuam US cov thawj coj rov xav txog qhov xwm txheej. Vim tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, cov neeg Amelikas yuav tsum tau siv Troyan kev cob qhia dav hlau hauv hom kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov dej num sib xws. Lub rooj sib tham nrog cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tau pom tias lub tswv yim no tsis tsim nyog thiab ua tsis tiav. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb US warthog, kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm armor thiab nruab nrog cov phom muaj zog, tau pib.
Kev Sib Tham Hauv Tsov Rog Txias
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej hauv Tebchaws Europe hloov pauv. Thaum kawg ntawm lub 60s, tshiab tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm T-62 hom nkag mus rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog cov tub rog ntawm lub Soviet Union. Tsis tas li ntawd, BMP-1 infantry ntaus tsheb tau txais rau kev txhim kho.
Cov cuab yeej no theoretically surpassed tag nrho NATO analogues, tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau ntau. Qhov no tsim ib hom lus dab neeg (los yog kev muaj tiag) txog lub Soviet armed avalanche,muaj peev xwm ncav cuag Askiv Channel hauv ib teev. Lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog Shilka-hom kev teeb tsa, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab cov ntsiab lus thiab qib siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab nqi. Kev txhim kho ntxiv hauv qhov kev taw qhia no txuas ntxiv nrog kev tsim lub tswv yim ntawm lub dav hlau nrog subsonic ya davhlau yam ntxwv.
Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb
Ib qho kev pabcuam dav dav los tsim lub dav hlau Warthog, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no, tau pib ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1967. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tw xaiv tau raug xa mus rau 21 lub tuam txhab davhlau. Cov tub rog Asmeskas tub rog xav tau ib chav tsev nrog lub davhlau ceev tsawg kawg 650 km / h, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, riam phom muaj zog ntawm ntau lub calibers thiab lub foob pob loj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dav hlau tawm tsam tshiab yuav tsum muaj kev tawm mus thiab tsaws kev ua haujlwm, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tsis tau muaj.
Thaum nws paub meej tias cov tub rog Asmeskas tau poob tsov rog hauv Nyab Laj, kev txhim kho ntawm lub dav hlau tau tsom mus rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv 1970, cov designers thaum kawg txiav txim siab rau lub ntsiab armament ntawm lub Warthog tub rog aircraft. Nws yog 30-millimeter high-speed rab phom ntawm GAU-8 hom, tsim raws li lub tswv yim Gatling (nrog rau lub ntsiab ntawm xya chim).
Kev piav qhia
Them kawg hauv kev txhim kho thiab tsim ntawm American A-10 Thunderbolt II nres aircraft pib xyoo 1970. Yog li ntawd, ob lub tuam txhab (Fairchild Republic thiabNorthrop). Thawj lub tuam txhab tau tshaj tawm nws cov qauv ntawm kev sim davhlau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1972, lub tshuab los ntawm cov neeg sib tw tau sim peb lub lis piam tom qab.
Kev sib piv ntawm ob lub cuab yeej pib thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1972. Lub dav hlau tau sim ntawm Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Ob qho kev hloov kho tau dhau los ua qhov sib npaug ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab muaj peev xwm. Lub YA-10 version tau tsom mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws muaj sia nyob thiab muaj cov qauv qub. A-9 variant yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug classic tsim, me ntsis reminiscent ntawm lub Soviet SU-25 nres aircraft. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev yeej mus rau Fairchild Republic. Lub tuam txhab tau txais thawj qhov kev txiav txim rau kev tsim thawj zaug ntawm kev tawm tsam aircraft ntawm kaum units.
Serial production
Kev tsim khoom loj ntawm Warthog nres dav hlau pib xyoo 1975 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1984. Cov cuab yeej tau raug thuam tsis muaj kev cia siab, thiab muaj cov lus qhia tias nws yuav hloov los ntawm F-16 qauv. Txhua qhov kev tsis ntseeg tau raug tshem tawm tom qab pib ua haujlwm nto moo suab puam cua daj cua dub, thaum Saddam Hussein xa tub rog mus rau hauv Kuwait (1990).
Nws tau muab tawm tias lub dav hlau clumsy thiab qeeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhawb nqa hluav taws hauv av thiab tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab armored tsheb. Kev hloov kho ntawm 144 A-10s tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas ua rau ntau tshaj yim txhiab, thaum poob xya units. Ntawm cov kev ua tiav ntawm Thunderbolts yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau pua Iraqi tso tsheb hlau luam, kwv yees li ob txhiab daim ntawv luam ntawm lwm cov cuab yeej siv, txog ib txhiab tus phom loj. Lub dav hlau ste alth nto moo thiab scandalous F-16 tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov ntsuas no.
Kev siv ntxiv ntxiv
Lub A-10 Thunderbolt nres lub dav hlau thaum lub sij hawm kev sib cav nyob rau hauv Persian Gulf tau sawv cev los ntawm 60 lub tsheb, ib qho uas raug tua, ob peb units tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj. Kev hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub cim A-10C. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 2010, tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab tshaj plaws nrog lub peev xwm los siv cov nqi siab thiab cov riam phom laser. Xyoo 2015, ntau lub dav hlau tau muab tso rau hauv B altic States (Estonia).
Thunderbolt 2 lub dav hlau nyob hauv kev pabcuam tshwjxeeb nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj rov hais dua txog cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm lub tsheb mus rau lwm lub teb chaws, nws tsis tau xa tawm. Cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa kev txaus siab hauv UK, Israel, Nyiv, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Belgium. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub dav hlau nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm them taus tus txij nkawm ntawm ib tug heev tshwj xeeb qauv; kev ua hauj lwm ntawm multi-purpose analogues yog pheej yig dua. Ib teev ntawm kev ya ntawm lub dav hlau nres yog tsawg kawg yog 17 txhiab las, qhov kev npaj ua tub rog rau kev siv ntawm chav tsev yog tsim kom txog rau thaum 2028.
Kev piav qhia
Thunderbolt 2 A-10 yog lub dav hlau qis qis, tsim raws li tus qauv aerodynamic scheme nrog ntxaib ntsug fins thiab lub zog ntawm ob lub motors.
Lub fuselage yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib nrab monocoque, sab pem hauv ntej yog nruab nrog ib tug cockpit. Cov duab thiab configuration ntawm cov qauvmuab tus tsav nrog kev pom zoo hauv cov vectors sib txawv. Kev tiv thaiv yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm da dej ntawm haib titanium armor, uas tiv thaiv cov khoom ntawm mos mos nrog ib tug caliber txog li 37 millimeters. Lub rooj zaum catapult muab kev khiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm tus tsav ntawm txhua qhov kev cia siab thiab qhov siab.
Motorized nacelles ntawm ob khub ntawm turbine kiv cua yog kho nrog kev pab los ntawm pylons nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub fuselage. Xws li qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj chim chav tsev yuav pab kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm txawv teb chaws teeb meem nkag mus rau hauv lub engine compartment thaum takeoff thiab tsaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tsim no yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus, nce lawv cov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws los ntawm hauv av. Exhaust gases los ntawm lub cav nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm lub stabilizer, txwv tsis pub lub visibility ntawm lub aircraft nyob rau hauv lub thermal ntau. Cov yam ntxwv tsim ua rau nws tuaj yeem tso cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, uas tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau lub tshuab hloov roj.
Lub dav hlau Warthog, daim duab uas muaj nyob rau hauv qab no, yog nruab nrog peb-dimensional duab plaub tis, muaj xws li ib tug nruab nrab seem thiab ib tug khub ntawm trapezoidal consoles. Ntawm tis - flaps nrog peb ntu thiab ailerons. Cov qauv tsim tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm nrog kev them nyiaj tseem ceeb.
Lub stabilizer muaj thaj tsam loj, ntawm qhov kawg muaj ob txoj kab ntsug nrog cov kauj ruam. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no pab txhawb rau "kev muaj sia nyob" ntawm lub cuab yeej, txawm tias thaum poob ntawm ib qho ntawm cov keels lossis stabilizer consoles.
Lwm yam nta
Lub dav hlau Asmeskas tawm tsam "Warthog" tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv rov qab rov qab nrog peb tus ncej thiab lub hauv ntej strut. Nyob rau hauv lub inactive lub xeev, lawv protrude yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm lub fuselage contours, uas yooj yim maneuvering thaum lub sij hawm cov cua ntsawj ntshab. Kev tsim ntawm cov iav tsaws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau kev khiav lag luam uas tsis tau muaj.
Lub hwj chim ntawm lub dav hlau yog tsim los ntawm ib khub ntawm General Electric TF34-GE-100 turbofan xyaw. Txhua lub cev muaj zog muaj zog ntawm 4100 kgf. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dav hlau tau nruab nrog ob lub autonomous hydraulic units uas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tis mechanization, tsaws iav retraction, kev sib hloov ntawm lub ntsiab 30-mm phom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov hluav taws kub hauv qhov tsim ntawm lub dav hlau tua, ib qho tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov roj inert (freon) tau muab.
A10 Thunderbolt 2 aircraft: avionics
Qhov no ntawm Warthog cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li qhov kev teeb tsa yooj yim piv rau lwm tus neeg Asmeskas. Cov xov tooj cua hluav taws xob muaj xws li cov khoom siv hauv qab no:
- Neeg thiab deb navigation thaiv.
- xov tooj cua compass.
- ntsuas qhov siab.
- Headshield sensor.
- Fit tswj system.
- ntau lub xov tooj cua.
- Ib qho cuab yeej ceeb toom radar pulses.
- ceeb toom ntawm kev tshawb pom lub hom phiaj siv lub teeb ci laser (kho cov khoom ntawm qhov deb txog li 24 mais).
- Container nrog cov khoom sivEW.
Armaments
Lub dav hlau American Warthog tau ua tub rog nrog 30mm GAU-81A phom loj. Nws yog mounted rau hauv lub hneev, ua raws li lub tswv yim Gatling, nruab nrog xya rotating chim. Cov phom phom yog ua los ntawm txhuas alloy, tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa yog 1.83 tons.
Lub cuab yeej muaj lub tshuab hydraulic, txuas tsis tau them nqi, nruas ntawv xov xwm. Cov nqi yog tsim los ntawm cov yas ua cov hlua khi, uas tso cai rau kom muaj peev xwm nce cov peev txheej ntawm cov thoob thiab teeb tsa cov nqi sib txawv ntawm cov phom (los ntawm 2100 txog 4200 volleys ib feeb). Hauv kev muaj tiag, tus tsav yog txwv rau qhov tawg luv luv ntev li ob peb feeb. Nrog rau kev siv ntev ntev, overheating ntawm lub pob tw yog pom. Cov ntaub ntawv siv nyiaj siv tsis tau pov tseg, tab sis sau rau hauv lub nruas.
Notes
GAU-81A cannon, mounted ntawm American warthog aircraft, muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nrog ob hom projectiles: high-explosive fragmentation (HEB) thiab sub-caliber mos txwv (PKB) nrog uranium filling. Raws li txoj cai, hauv cov mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm ib lub tshuab, muaj peb lub chaw tsim khoom rau ib OFB. Lub hom phiaj tsoo qhov tseeb - ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1.22 mais, 80 feem pua ntawm cov plhaub taum tsoo cov qauv ntawm lub voj voog rau-meter.
Lub dav hlau tawm tsam tau nruab nrog 11 cov ntsiab lus raug tshem tawm sab nraud. Lawv yog cov foob pob tawg dawb los yog tswj cov khoom sib tw. Cov qeb kawg suav nrog TV-guided missiles Maverick. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua luv luvpiav raws li "hluav taws thiab tsis nco qab". Lub hom phiaj nrhiav kom pom qhov deb yog 12 mais hauv txoj kev xav thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj rau hauv kev xyaum.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej
Kev tiv thaiv, cov tub rog dav hlau hauv nqe lus nug siv cua-rau-huab cua foob pob hluav taws, nrog rau cov blocks ntxiv nrog 20 mm Vulcan cannons. Attack aircraft tau raug suav nrog hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lawv pawg. Nrog rau qhov ntsuas siab ntawm kev muaj sia nyob, maneuverability thiab tus nqi qis, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov riam phom hauv huab cua thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv.
Hauv kev lees paub ntawm "kev muaj sia nyob" ntawm A-10 tau ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb ncuab hauv Iraq thiab Yugoslavia, cov dav hlau tawm tsam tuaj yeem rov qab los rau hauv paus txawm tias muaj lub cav puas, tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg. los yog ua tsis tau tejyam hydraulic system, nrog rau loj tis deformations.
Nuances
Yog tias peb tham txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Asmeskas kev tawm tsam "Warthog", ces tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm 30-mm A-10 phom overlaps qhov zoo sib xws ntawm GSh-2-30 muab rau. ua Su-25. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov nqi hluav taws xob me me ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tua ntawm cov phiaj xwm armored.
Tom qab pib sim lub dav hlau, nws tau pom tias cov hmoov av tau nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag fais fab ntawm lub dav hlau tua, ua rau txo qis hauv lawv qhov thrust. Qhov nruab nrab poob hauv lub zog yog kwv yees li ib feem pua ntawm txhua txhiab txhaj tshuaj. Qhov teeb meem no tau daws ib nrab los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub cav nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb txhawm rau txhawm rau hlawv cov hmoov phom uas muaj sia nyob.
"Warthogs" tau ua tiav thiab siv zog thaum ua haujlwm hauv Afghanistan thiab yav dhau los Yugoslavia. Tam sim no lub tshuab nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug yog lub ntsiab txhawb pab rau hauv av units nyob rau hauv US Army. Lub dav hlau tau txais nws lub npe menyuam yaus ("Warthog") hauv kev hwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II Warthog P-47 Thunderbolt.
Parameters hauv cov lej
Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub dav hlau nres hauv nqe lus nug:
- Length/height of machine – 16, 26/4, 47 m.
- Wingspan - 17.53 m.
- Nqe / tawm / qhov hnyav tshaj plaws - 11, 6/14, 86/22, 2 t.
- Cov roj hnyav yog 4.85 tons.
- Wing cheeb tsam - 47 sq. m.
- Kev nrawm ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws - 834 km / h.
- Hom fais fab nroj tsuag - General Electric TF34.
- Kev siv ntau yam - 3, 94 txhiab mais.
- Cov neeg coob yog ib tus kws tsav dav hlau.
Nyob hauv kaw
Hauv xyoo 2003, lub dav hlau Thunderbolt nres tau raug rho tawm hauv av hauv thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm Baghdad. Cov cuab yeej tau txais ntau dua 150 qhov, tab sis tswj kom tau mus rau lub hauv paus nrog cov tshuab hydraulic tsis ua haujlwm. Tus pilot tseem tsis tau raug mob.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau. Peb caug-millimeter cannon muaj peev xwm ua kom puas thiab lov tes taw yuav luag txhua yam ntawm cov tsheb niaj hnub tam sim no. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tau ua pov thawj tias lawv siv tau zoo, txawm hais tias 10A Thunderbolt 2 yog ib lub dav hlau uas nquag mus.hluav taws tsis ncaj ncees ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov ntau dua rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub dav hlau nres, thiab tsis yog rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb.
Tus qauv Warthog qee zaum piv rau Soviet sib npaug ntawm SU-25. Lawv tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, thiab cov tshuab tau muab cov haujlwm yuav luag zoo ib yam. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws load, Thunderbolt yog superior rau ziab, tab sis lub domestic nres aircraft muab ib tug siab dua qhov taw qhia.
