Xyoo 1947, cov tub rog kev lag luam ntawm USSR tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau kev tsim cov tshuab English turbojet los ntawm lub tuam txhab Rolls-Royce, nrog Ning centrifugal compressors thiab nqa tawm thrust ntawm 2270 kgf. Xyoo 1948, lawv tau pib tsim lub dav hlau dav hlau pem hauv ntej, uas yog lub dav hlau Il-28. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tus qauv no txhim khu kev qha thiab tsis siv neeg siv. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1950s, lub aircraft yog lub ntsiab tawm tsam ntawm lub Soviet front-line aviation. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev piav qhia ntawm lub dav hlau Il-28 tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.
Introduction
Il-28 yog thawj lub dav hlau Soviet pem hauv ntej-kab foob pob muaj peev xwm thauj cov riam phom nuclear. Hauv NATO kev faib tawm, tus qauv no tau teev tseg raws li Beagle "Hound". Lub dav hlau Il-28 (daim duab hauv qab no) tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev sim tsim chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub aviation complex npe tom qab S. V. Ilyushin. Ib pawg neeg tsim qauv tau txais khoom plig Stalin.
About the history of creation
Lub Rau Hli 1948, tsoomfwv ntawm USSRtxiav txim siab los tsim ib lub foob pob ua ntej siv lub cav turbojet ntawm lub tuam txhab British Rolls-Royce. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, nws twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Soviet Union. Xyoo 1949, lub xeev kev sim ntawm Il 28 aircraft tau tshwm sim, nrog rau lub cav RD-45F. Kev sim tau siv sijhawm li 75 teev. Rau 84 lub davhlau, cov kws tshaj lij commission tau tshaj tawm 80 qhov tsis xws luag hauv kev tsim. Txhawm rau tshem tawm lawv, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum siv sijhawm 4 lub hlis. Tus qauv tsim tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tw hnyav nrog kev paub txog kev tsim lub chaw haujlwm hu ua Tupolev. Los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom no, lawv cov qauv dav hlau, Tu-37 thiab Tu-78, kuj tau xa mus rau kev sim. Tsis zoo li lub dav hlau Il 28, lub dav hlau Tupolev nqa ntau yam riam phom tiv thaiv, muaj ib pawg loj thiab cov neeg coob. Tsis ntev kev sim txuas ntxiv nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus qauv tshiab los ntawm OKB im. Tupolev - Tu-14, ib tug ntxaib-engine bomber, cov neeg coob uas muaj peb cov neeg. Lub dav hlau no tau siv ib rab phom mount. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias Tu-14 tau tsim los rau lub dav hlau ntev, nws yuav muaj teeb meem los tso nws thiab ua haujlwm rau nws.
Result
Lub Tsib Hlis 1949, I. V. Stalin tau tuav lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb uas cov yam ntxwv ntawm Il 28 aircraft tau txiav txim siab nthuav dav. Txhawm rau ua kom lub dav hlau nrawm nce mus txog 900 km / h, cov neeg tsim qauv txiav txim siab los nruab ib lub cav muaj zog dua VK-1 rau nws, tshem tawm thrust.uas yog 2700 kgf. Lub Yim Hli, qhov hloov kho Il-28 tau xa mus rau lub xeev kuaj dua. Kev sim tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Moscow Tub Rog Cheeb Tsam, nws tau txiav txim siab los qhia lub dav hlau Il 28 (duab ntawm chav tsev dav hlau no hauv tsab xov xwm) ntawm Hnub Yeej Xyoo 1950 hla Red Square rau cov pej xeem.
About production
Serial ntau lawm ntawm dav hlau tau teeb tsa hauv Moscow ntawm cog No. 30, Voronezh (No. 166) thiab Omsk (No. 64). Tsis tas li ntawd, Il-28 kuj tau tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom No. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv technical, nws tau teev tseg raws li IL-28U. Ib xyoos tom qab, lawv tsim ib lub dav hlau thauj torpedoes (Il-28T). Kev tshawb nrhiav cov dej num yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm Il-28R aircraft. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog kev lag luam ntawm lub Soviet Union tsim tsawg kawg yog 6300 units. Rau painting aircraft siv "nyiaj". Exported Il-28s mus rau lwm lub teb chaws tau pleev xim nrog ntau hom camouflage. Lub dashboard yog pleev xim rau dub, lub chassis thiab cargo compartment tau pleev xim rau grey. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij aviation, nws tau tshwm sim tias cov khoom thauj khoom thiab cov niches tsuas yog primed.
About design
Aircraft nrog lub siab thiab soundproofed cabin, ncaj ob-spar monobloc trapezoidal tis. Nws cov tshuab ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm cov pa nrov nrov, uas sib txawv ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 50 degrees thaum tsaws thiab 20 thaum tawm mus. Ua los ntawm D16T duralumin alloy. Cov ailerons tau siv los tswj cov yob ntawm lub dav hlau. IL-28 yog nruab nrog ib tug symmetrical keel thiabstabilizer Naca-00. Lub rudder thiab ailerons yog hluav taws xob tswj. Lub RV trimer yog hloov kho los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cable thiab iav mechanisms. Lub dav hlau tau nruab nrog ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib GSR-9000 DC thiab ob lub roj teeb 12-A-30, uas tau siv hauv lub tsheb los ua hluav taws xob.
About engines
Qhov chaw ntawm VK-1 lub zog hluav taws xob tau qis qis. Txhawm rau tswj cov cav hauv lub dav hlau muaj ib txoj hlua hluav taws xob. Thaum pib, txhua VK-1 yog spun siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov roj system yog sawv cev los ntawm fuselage mos roj hmab tso tsheb hlau luam. Lawv tag nrho muaj peev xwm yog 7908 liters. Tsuas yog sab laug lub cav yog nruab nrog lub twj tso kua mis hydraulic. Yog hais tias lub kaw lus hydraulic dheev tsis ua haujlwm, ces cov flaps tau qis los ntawm pneumatic system, thiab cov log yog braked thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev pab ntawm huab cua, lub cargo compartment qhib, uas yog lub foob pob bay qhov rooj. Ob lub cav yog nruab nrog cov twj pneumatic. Tsis tas li ntawd, IL-28 nrog lub tog raj kheej thaum muaj xwm ceev uas muaj cua compressed.
About chassis
Aircraft nrog tricycle undercarriage rau cov huab cua-roj damping yog muab. Lub chassis muaj ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab ob lub ntsiab struts. Cov tuam txhab tsim dav hlau txiav txim siab siv cov dej cawv-glycerin sib xyaw ua cov kua dej ua kua hydraulic. Cov ceg pem hauv ntej muaj nyob rau hauv lub fuselage, thiab cov racks yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cav nacelles. Kev tsaws iav txuas ntxiv thiab thim rov qab yog tswj los ntawm huab cua, uas tom qab hloov los ntawm hydraulics.
About riam phom
Tua cov neeg ua haujlwm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov noaircraft tuaj yeem ua los ntawm FAB-100 foob pob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, IL-28 muaj 12 lub plhaub zoo li no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub foob pob tuaj yeem nruab nrog 8 FAB-250M46, lossis ob FAB-500M46, lossis ib qho FAB-1500M46. Torpedo qauv (Il-28T) tau nruab nrog ib lub foob pob hluav taws-propelled torpedo RAT-52, mines AMD-100 thiab AMD-500 "Desna", "Lira". Rau torpedoes, ib qho kev ncua sab nraud tau siv, rau mines thiab foob pob - cargo compartments. Tom qab ntawd, Il-28T tau nruab nrog ob lub torpedo. Torpedoes tau pib siv PTN-45 pom. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws ntawm lub dav hlau, Soviet aircraft tuam ntxhab yuav tsum tau hloov me ntsis lub glazing nyob rau hauv navigational cockpit. Cov caj npab me yog sawv cev los ntawm ob lub phom NR-23 ruaj khov. Qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub installation yog lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub fuselage. Rau Il-28T thiab Il-28R, ib rab phom tau muab. Tab sis ib lub phom phom yuav tsum muaj 100 lub plhaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dav hlau muaj ob rab phom stern, uas tau tswj los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hydraulic. Nws tuaj yeem tua tau 225 lub plhaub los ntawm ib lub thoob.
About xov tooj cua
Il-28 tau nruab nrog PSBN-N radar system, ARK-5 xov tooj cua compass, RV-2 thiab RV-10 xov tooj cua altimeters, RSIU-ZM xov tooj cua, SRO radar transponder thiab SPU -5 intercom. Lub dav hlau, uas tau tsim los ua cov haujlwm tshawb nrhiav, muab cov khoom siv yees duab: peb AFA-33, AFA-BA-40, AFA-75MK. IL-28 muaj daim duab txuas FRL-1M, nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm radar system. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1953 tuaj tawmtsoom fwv tsab cai, raws li PSBN tau hloov los ntawm Kurs radar. Reconnaissance aircraft muaj cov thawv uas muaj ASO-28 chaff thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb Natrium, txoj haujlwm yog los tsim cov xov tooj cua cuam tshuam.
TTX
Lub foob pob muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Wingspan - 2150 cm, qhov siab - 670 cm.
- Tag nrho tis cheeb tsam yog 60.8 square meters
- Nyhav ib lub dav hlau muaj peev xwm 18,400 kg, khoob - 12,890 kg.
- Cov neeg coob muaj peb tus neeg.
- Qhov siab tshaj tawm qhov hnyav yog 23,200 kg.
- Aircraft nrog ob lub cav turbojet (TRD) VK-1A, nrog lub zog ntawm 2700 kgf.
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws, Il-28 npog 906 txhiab meters ib ob, ntawm kev caij nkoj - 700.
- Lub foob pob ua haujlwm yog 2370 km, ferry ntau yog 2460.
- Ib lub dav hlau nrog kev khiav tawm ntawm 965 m muaj tus nqi nce ntawm 15 m / s.
- Rau txhua tis muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 291 kg / m sq.
- qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hauv lub foob pob yog 1,000 kg, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 3,000 kg.
- Il-28 yog nruab nrog ob rab phom NR-23 23mm nyob rau hauv hneev nti thiab ob rab phom NR-23 nyob rau sab qaum.
About operation
Kev xa khoom ntawm IL-28 mus rau Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Tshoj tau npaj. Tsis ntev nyob rau hauv PRC, cov neeg tsim qauv hauv zos tau paub ntau lawm thiab pib tsim cov dav hlau zoo sib xws ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Harbin, tab sis twb yog H-5. Rau aviationunits los ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau yuav los ntawm Romania. Finland kuj tau yuav Il-28 los ntawm USSR, qhov twg 4 lub foob pob tau siv los rub lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1955, 30 Soviet aircraft raug xa mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws. Cov teb chaws ua haujlwm suav nrog Algeria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Nyab Laj, North Kauslim, Yemen, Morocco, Cuba, Somalia, Syria, Indonesia thiab Nigeria. Lub IL-28 tau siv tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv roob roob hauv Afghanistan. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nws tus kheej, lub dav hlau tsis tau siv ntev.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1950. Nws pib hloov los ntawm Yak-28. Lub IL-28 tau raug sau tawm thiab muab pov tseg, raws li cov neeg ua pov thawj pom, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees tshaj plaws: lawv tsoo nws nrog kev pab ntawm cov tsheb laij teb thiab cov bulldozers. Ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau tau hloov mus rau hauv kev cob qhia. Qee qhov Il-28s ua ntej xyoo 1980 tau siv los ua tus hom phiaj.
qauv ntawm Il-28 aircraft
Kev txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, ntau tus neeg nyiam ua qauv rau lub rooj zaum. Rau cov neeg uas txaus siab rau lub ntsiab lus no, lub Peb Hlis 2007, Internet project "Karopka.ru" tau tsim. Lub dav hlau IL-28, uas yog cov txheej txheem rau nws, yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau yuav.
Cov kiv cua ntawm kev ua qauv uas muaj teeb meem thaum lub rooj sib txoos muaj sijhawm los nug cov lus nug thiab sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Karopka.ru. Feem ntau cov pib tshiab muaj teeb meem nrog lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg rau tus qauv. Lub npog ntsej muag hauv lub rooj zaum ua qauv yog txheej txheej tiv thaiv uas yog siv rau ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis pleev xim nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev. Tom qab pleev xim rau qhov seem ntawm daim npog qhov ncaujtshem tawm. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw pleev xim thiab tsis pleev xim. Kev txiav txim los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, Trumpeter qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog tsim rau IL-28 cov qauv dav hlau. Cov txheej txheem muaj 178 qhov chaw. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm 169 grey yas yog siv, rau tus so - pob tshab. Los nrog cov lus qhia thiab decals nrog Soviet thiab Suav cov cim cim. Koj tuaj yeem yuav tus qauv rau 700 rubles.
