Kev kho dua tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau yam kev cai monuments. Nws pab khaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws thiab txawm tias lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no muaj cai ua nws. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav luv luv txiav txim siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub restoration ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam chaw nyob rau hauv Russia. Peb yuav pom tias txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm li cas, tau txais daim ntawv tso cai li cas, thaj chaw ua haujlwm twg muaj nyob thiab txoj cai lij choj tswj hwm lawv li cas.
Register
Dab tsi yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv peb lub tebchaws? Lawv tag nrho cov npe muaj nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv kos los ntawm Ministry of Culture. Nov yog Unified Register of Cultural Heritage Objects. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pej xeem sau thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2014.
Daim ntawv teev npe kab lis kev cai muaj ntau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab ua haujlwm:
- txhim kho kev suav nyiaj ntawm ntau yam kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb los ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig;
- qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, lawv qhov chaw nyob;
- thaj tsam tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev lees paub qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ntawm Russia;
- automation ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis los tswj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai;
- Qhia txog daim ntawv teev npe uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txhua qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob thiab pej xeem;
- tsim cov ntawv ceeb toom, muab daim ntawv pov thawj thiab nqe lus raws li daim ntawv;
- kaw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai;
- muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb rau cov neeg xav tau;
- cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam raws li daim ntawv.
Definition
Kev kho dua tshiab (architectural monuments, paintings, sculptures, DPI, thiab lwm yam) - ib txheej ntawm tej hauj lwm uas ua ke kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kab lis kev cai khoom tseem ceeb.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua ub no yog los tsim qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yav dhau los zoo li ntawm cov khoom thaum khaws cia tag nrho nws cov yam ntxwv. Muaj ob qhov teeb meem loj: txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog tshaj plaws.
Kev kho dua tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau tib lub sijhawm tsim thiab tsim khoom, tshawb fawb thiab tshawb fawb.
Kev ua si
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam kev lis kev cai yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev khaws cia. Ib tug yuam kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv deterioration ntawm cov tsos thiab tej yam kev mob ntawm lub monument. Hauv nwsKev ua haujlwm kub ntxhov tau ua tiav.
- Kho. Ua haujlwm kom tswj tau qhov chaw nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm.
- Kev kho dua tshiab. Ua haujlwm uas ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb.
- Kev txhim kho ib txoj haujlwm los hloov kho cov kab lis kev cai lossis ntuj tsim rau kev siv niaj hnub. Ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov xwm txheej tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom keeb kwm hauv kev muaj tiag.
Cov hauv qab no kuj tseem ceeb:
- reconstruction ntawm architectural complexes;
- restoration ntawm keeb kwm monuments;
- tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb fawb cov haujlwm ua ib feem ntawm kev kho dua tshiab;
- project rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm monuments, lawv kev siv raws li tus kws sau ntawv saib xyuas;
- ntau lawm ua haujlwm thiab tswj kev thev naus laus zis;
- scientific and methodological guide.
Type of restoration
Ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam kho dua tshiab yuav suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- reconstruction thiab restoration of facades;
- restoration thiab re-creation ntawm interiors;
- rov kho lub ru tsev, vov tsev;
- kev txhim kho ntawm lub hauv paus, lub hauv paus;
- restoration of floors;
- restoration of landings and flights;
- kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dag thiab ntuj;
- restoration ntawm ntau yam hlau lug;
- txhim av ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom;
- kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv engineering: kev siv dej thiab kev huv, teeb pom kev zoo,cua sov, fais fab mov, cua txias thiab qhov cua.
Kev faib ua haujlwm
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov vaj tsev monuments hauv Lavxias Federation suav nrog ntau hom kev ua ub no.
- Kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm rau kev kho dua tshiab, kev txuag thiab ua si ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb.
- Tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho thiab hloov kho ntawm ntuj thiab kab lis kev cai monuments.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus, hauv paus, masonry, spacer structures thiab laj kab.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim kho cov qauv hlau.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim kho cov khoom ntoo thiab cov qauv.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim kho ntau yam stucco decorations, plaster tiav, artistic, hniav painting.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab, ua si ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj, cov qauv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb tsim thiab ntuj.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab ua si ntawm cov qauv kos duab thiab kos duab, duab puab.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab ua si ntawm cov duab kos - ob qho tib si easel thiab monumental.
- Kev txuag, kho dua tshiab thiab ua si ntawm ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm keeb kwm, nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm cov tiaj ua si thiab vaj kos duab.
- Kho thiab hloov kho ntxiv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai.
Txoj cai lij choj
Txoj haujlwm rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv tebchaws Russia tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov cai lij choj hauv qab noCov Haujlwm:
- FZ No. 73, saws rau xyoo 2002;
- "Kev qhia txog kev khaws cia, kev sau nyiaj txiag, kev saib xyuas, siv thiab kho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua";
- Code of restoration rules ntawm pawg SRP-2007;
- SNiPs (tsuas yog siv rau hauv rooj plaub uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua phem rau cov khoom).
Daim ntawv tso cai
Txhawm rau ua kom rov qab los ntawm thaj chaw kab lis kev cai, ib lub koom haum npaj los ua cov haujlwm no yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los ntawm Ministry of Culture ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation los pib nws cov haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm theem no yog tswj hwm los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 73 (2002), Tshooj 3. Daim ntawv tso cai siv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Ministry of Culture.
Daim ntawv tso cai nws tus kheej yog ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 99 (2011) - "Rau ntawv tso cai qee yam kev ua ub no." Thiab kuj raws li Txoj Cai tau txais los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoomfwv Lavxias No. 349 (2012). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias Txoj Cai Tshiab ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias tau ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv nrog ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau nkag mus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 26, 2017.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov koom haum thib peb tau txais kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg siv khoom rov qab los rau qhov tseeb tias feem ntau nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Tus nqi ntawm kev koom tes yog dab tsi? Tus nqi ntawm kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam kab lis kev cai yog nyob rau hauv 300 txhiab rubles.
Cov ntaub ntawv raug xa tawm hauv 45 hnub. Nws lub sijhawm yog unlimited. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li daim ntawv tso cai perpetual siv tau tsuas yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Cov ntaub ntawv kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai
Txhawm rau muab daim ntawv tso cai rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg, koj yuav tsum muab tus neeg nruab nrab nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- daim ntawv ntawm lub koom haum charter;
- daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj (OGRN);
- luam daim ntawv sau se (TIN);
- daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj (GRN);
- daim ntawv luam tawm los ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Sau Npe ntawm Cov Neeg Raug Cai;
- daim ntawv raws tu qauv ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum;
- daim ntawv xaj kom ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab;
- luam daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Txheeb Xyuas Lub Xeev ntawm kev xa cov lej txheeb cais rau lub koom haum;
- dawb-daim ntawv lag luam daim npav;
- daim ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam txhab;
- daim ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum;
- luam cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas yuav ua haujlwm;
- muaj daim ntawv tso cai koom haum;
- daim ntawv cog lus cog lus rau chaw ua haujlwm lossis daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm nws.
Kev Ua Haujlwm
Cov txheej txheem dav dav zoo li no:
- Sau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tsim nyog txog qhov qub tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov nthuav dav me tshaj.
- Kev txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev, nws tsim nyog rau kev siv ntxiv. Kev paub txog kev tsim kho.
- Kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab.
- Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo, suav nrog kev tsim vaj tsev,artistic thiab architectural nta ntawm cov khoom.
- Ua cov kev npaj npaj ncaj qha ntawm lub chaw nws tus kheej, uas yuav ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab kev tsim kho.
- Kev nqis tes ua ntawm kev txum tim rov qab los.
- Kev xa khoom rau tus neeg siv khoom.
Kev sib tham nrog cov tswj hwm kev tswj hwm
Lub koom haum ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom, thoob plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv, cuam tshuam nrog lub xeev tswj hwm:
- pom zoo cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm rau kev kho dua tshiab;
- tau txais txoj hauj lwm (qhov kev xav ntawm tus tswv, tus neeg siv khoom kuj raug txiav txim siab, tab sis tsis txiav txim siab);
- tau daim ntawv tso cai los ntawm tsoomfwv lub koomhaum los ua haujlwm;
- tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm txoj cai rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai;
- xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm (nrog rau daim ntawv qhia txog kev tshawb fawb).
Kev kho dua tshiab tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev rov tsim kho dua qub. Lawv qhov kev siv yog txheej txheem ntev. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kawm txog keeb kwm zoo li cov khoom, npaj cov haujlwm, tau txais daim ntawv tso cai, xa cov ntawv ceeb toom rau Ministry of Culture. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb xws li kev ntsuas uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm khaws tau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai.
