Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog qhov endemic, piv txwv li, hauv thaj chaw, piv txwv li, yuav pom yooj yim heev, tab sis nws yuav zoo dua tig mus rau biology thiab xav txog lub tswv yim no los ntawm kev lom neeg.
Definition, description of endemics
Cov kab mob hu ua kab mob lom - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ob qho tib si muaj tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu, nyob hauv thaj chaw sib cais lossis thaj chaw tsawg. Feem ntau cov cheeb tsam zoo li no yog cov uas tau cais tawm ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ib puag ncig lossis thaj chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia, uas yog, cov xwm txheej rau kev muaj sia nyob tsis tau hloov pauv mus ntev.
Vim yog tib neeg kev ua ub ua no, ntau hom nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu niaj hnub no tau maj mam txav mus rau qhov tsis tshua muaj lossis tsis tshua muaj, uas txhawb nqa tib neeg los tsim cov tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws thiab cov chaw khaws cia kom khaws thiab nce cov pejxeem ntawm cov tib neeg seem. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau noob neej kom nkag siab tias dab tsi endemics yog rau peb lub neej yav tom ntej. Ntau hom muaj nyob rau hauv seem endemic, qhov ntau peb txwv lawv qhov chaw nyob, npaj rau tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag.zoo sib xws ntawm colonies.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hom kab mob uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm tsuas yog ib qho suab puam (Welwitschia amazing, loj hlob tshwj xeeb hauv Namib Desert), ib kob lossis ib lub roob roob (muaj ib qho subspecies ntawm hummingbird uas nyob ntawm lub tsuas yog roob Chimborazo, nyob rau hauv South America) hu ua nqaim endemic. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog dab tsi endemics, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb, raws li cov hom no tau muab faib ua neoendemics (progressive endemics) thiab paleoendemics (relict endemics).
Neoendemics yog hu ua cov tsiaj txhu tsiaj txhu (npe) uas tau tsim los ua ke rau lawv "kib", tab sis nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam sib cais, piv txwv li, ntawm cov kob nyob deb ntawm thaj av loj. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Madagascar, 65% ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yog endemic; nyob rau hauv Hawaii, lawv cov lej nce mus rau 90%. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov no suav nrog qee hom tsiaj uas nyob hauv Crimea, Baikal, Seychelles, St. Helena, British Isles, thiab lwm yam. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, yuav ua li cas tham txog dab tsi endemics, yog tias tsis hais txog lawv cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws: kangaroo. thiab koala. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm infraclass uas nyob hauv Australia.
Paleoendemics yog hom uas tshwm sim los ntawm lawv qhov yuav luag tiav tag nrho hauv thaj chaw loj ntawm lawv qhov qub. Cov seem ntawm cov neeg sawv cev thaum ub tau khaws cia, feem ntau yog vim lawv qhov kev sib cais tag nrho los ntawm cov neeg tsim kho ntau dua. Relic endemics feem ntauhu ua fossils nyob, vim lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg laus uas nyob ntau xyoo dhau los. Cov no suav nrog cov ntses lobe-finned (latimeria), beak-headed reptiles (tuatara), khej, horseshoe crab, lungfish (protopter), monotremes (echidna, platypus), thiab lwm yam.
North America tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas vim nws muaj ntau hom kab mob sib txawv. Ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas paub zoo tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg thiab nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog tsob ntoo loj heev Sequoia, qee qhov ntawm cov neeg hauv zos txawm hu lawv lub npe. Cov nroj tsuag endemic kuj muaj xws li Balfour ntoo thuv, Huron tansy, ntau xim pachycormus, obregonia de-negri, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm cov fauna ntawm lub ntiaj teb endemic ntawm North America, ib tug muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntoo bison, puma, Baribal, Mississippi alligator, thiab kuj yog ib tug fauna. Qav nyuj (mus txog qhov ntev 20 cm) thiab Californian condor.
Baikal yog lub hlaws ntawm Siberia
Kom nkag siab tias Baikal endemics yog dab tsi, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm lub pas dej no muaj 65% hom kab mob. Yog li, tawm ntawm 2600 hom thiab subspecies nyob ntawm no, me ntsis ntau tshaj 1000 taxa, txog 95 genera, txog 10 tsev neeg yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb endemic. Ib qho chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Lake Baikal yog lub foob pob Baikal (lub foob), ib qho ntawm tib hom dej hiav txwv hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd mus rau lub endemics ntawm Baikalsuav nrog cov hom thiab cov tsev neeg hauv qab no: golomyanka, daj-tis (ntsuab hiav txwv tob), Baikal omul (salmon tsev neeg), Baikal epishura (crustaceans ncav cuag qhov nruab nrab loj li ntawm 1.5-2 hli) thiab, raws li tau hais los saum no, Baikal foob..
