Nationality Dargin: piav qhia ntawm qhov tsos, keeb kwm, kab lig kev cai, lus

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg Dargin nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub koom pheej niaj hnub ntawm Dagestan. Qhov no yog ib lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov chaw no. Lawv yog cov Caucasian hom ntawm Caucasian haiv neeg. Cov neeg sawv cev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg no qhia Sunni Islam.

Cov neeg hauv Dagestan

Lub tebchaws Dargin niaj hnub no suav nrog cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws tseem ceeb ntawm Dagestan, uas yog ib feem ntawm Russia. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev suav pej xeem zaum kawg, yuav luag 600 txhiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg no nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws. Dagestan muaj feem ntau ntawm lawv - txog 16.5%, lossis kwv yees li ib nrab lab tus tib neeg.

Feem ntau lawv nyob hauv roob Caucasus. Lawv lub zos muaj neeg coob coob, lawv tej tsev yog terraced, lawv nyob ywj pheej nyob hauv toj siab, lawv muaj vaj tse loj thiab dav.

Zoo

Cim, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Dargins tuaj yeem nco txog cov neeg Lavxias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Caucasian.

Lawv muaj lub ntsej muag muaj zog thiab lub siab xav, lub qhov ntswg tseem ceeb, lub puab tsaig square. Feem ntau cov txiv neej sawv cev rau haiv neeg ntawm Dargins nyiamhnav hwj txwv.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Lub teb chaws costume ntawm Dargins yog khaub ncaws ntawm hom Dagestan. Cov txiv neej nyiam cov ris ntev, lub tsho tunic, lub tsho Circassian, lub tsho beshmet, sheepskin tsho, capes, cloaks, kaus mom, xav thiab khau tawv. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm lub teb chaws costume yog ib tug ntev thiab dav dagger.

Qhov no qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg Dargin. Zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, lawv tsis tshua muaj siab xav thiab ceev-tempered. Kev lig kev cai ntawm kev taug kev nrog rab riam rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tau yug los rau lub sijhawm thaum ub, thaum muaj xwm txheej kub ntxhov hauv Caucasus xav tau.

Rau ib tug poj niam, lub teb chaws costume ntawm Dargins yog lub tsho hnav ris tsho (nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tunic, thiab lub duav rov sauv). Hauv qee qhov chaw, hnav khaub ncaws tuaj yeem ua viav vias, ces nws yog hu ua arkhaluk. Nthuav lossis nruj ris, hnav lossis tawv khau zoo siab txais tos. Cov poj niam niaj hnub headdress yog chuhta, kuj yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub npog dawb lossis dub ua los ntawm cov tawv calico lossis linen; nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm solemn, txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog siv. Hauv qee thaj chaw, piv txwv li, Kubachi lossis Kaitag, ciam teb thiab paj ntaub siv.

Hnub no, cov Dargins, uas nyob hauv nroog, hnav cov khaub ncaws niaj hnub zoo tib yam, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev sawv tawm ntawm tus so. Hauv cov tsoos tsho, koj tuaj yeem pom cov neeg laus lossis cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg Dargin nyob hauv thaj chaw sib txawv ntawm Russia. Lawv qhov loj tshaj plaws diaspora sab nraum Dagestan nws tus kheej muaj nyob rau hauv Stavropol Territory. Hauv xyoo tas los no, lawv cov lej hauv cheeb tsam no tau nce ntau. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv 1979 muaj txog 16 txhiab Dargins, ces thaum lub sij hawm perestroika - twb yuav luag 33 txhiab tus neeg, thiab raws li qhov tseeb cov ntaub ntawv - 50 txhiab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg txawv tebchaws loj tuaj yeem pom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Rostov (ntau dua 8 txhiab tus neeg), Kalmykia (txog 7.5 txhiab tus neeg), thaj av Astrakhan (ntau dua 4 txhiab), txog peb txhiab. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Dargin zej zog nyob hauv Moscow.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias ntau pua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg no tau nyob deb ntawm lawv lub tebchaws keeb kwm - hauv thaj chaw Krasnoyarsk. Thawj Dargins tau tshwm sim ntawm no hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Xyoo 2000s, muaj ze li ntawm 400 leej ntawm no. Yeej, lawv nyob hauv Krasnoyarsk nws tus kheej, nrog rau hauv Norilsk, Sharypovo thiab thaj av ntawm tib lub npe.

Ib pawg me me ntawm Dargins nyob hauv lub tebchaws ntawm yav dhau los Soviet Union. Lawv tuaj yeem suav hais tias tseem ceeb tsuas yog hauv Kyrgyzstan. Muaj yuav luag peb txhiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg no, uas yog ib feem kaum ntawm ib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Kwv yees li 1,500 Dargins nyob hauv Turkmenistan.

Ethnonym

Lo lus "Dargin" nws tus kheej yog los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "darg", uas txhais tau tias "sab hauv", uas yog, tus neeg uas tawm tsam nws tus kheej rau sab nraud. Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb Ageyeva, uas tau kawm txog qhov teeb meem no, lub npe hu ua "Dargins" nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub XVIII-XIX centuries. cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg noyog ib feem ntawm cov koom haum nom tswv sib txawv.

Tus kws kho mob keeb kwm keeb kwm, tus kws sau keeb kwm Soviet Boris Zakhoder, ua tib zoo kawm cov ntawv sau ntawm Arab kws sau ntawv al Bakri. Nws muab tawm tias qhov kev tsim kho medieval uas nws tau piav qhia muaj lub npe "Dairkan", uas tuaj yeem yog tus kheej lub npe ntawm Dargins.

Ua ntej lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, lub teb chaws no tau paub los ntawm lwm lub npe. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, zoo li cov neeg Khyurkily thiab Akush.

Thaum lub sijhawm Soviet Union, cov cheeb tsam Dargin yog ib feem ntawm cov tsim Dagestan ASSR, thiab txij li xyoo 1991 lawv tau koom nrog koom pheej ntawm Dagestan. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ib feem ntawm Dargins tau tsiv tawm ntawm lub roob mus rau thaj av.

Keeb Kwm

haiv neeg yog haiv neeg Caucasoid, hom Caucasian. Muaj ob hom ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Dargins.

Thawj yog hu ua qhov kev xav ntawm kev loj hlob autochthonous ntev. Nws txhais tau hais tias qee theem ntawm kev sib cais nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm nyuaj-mus-mus txog highlands. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb pom hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Ib tug neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev xav, archaeologist thiab anthropologist Valery Pavlovich Alekseev, ntseeg hais tias pawg neeg Caucasian tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas nws tam sim no nyob. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev txuag ntawm anthropological yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg thaum ub uas nyob hauv cov chaw no. Tej zaum nws yuav tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm Upper Paleolithic lossis Neolithic.

Cov tsos ntawm Dargins thaum ub tau piav qhia hauv Arab thaj chaw los ntawm Shirvan al Bakuvi. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb uas nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th tau sau tseg tiasuas neeg nyob ntawm no siab, blond thiab lub qhov muag ntse.

Qhov kev xav thib ob yog kev tsiv teb tsaws, nws tau thov los ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm biological sciences, tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Georgy Frantsevich Debets.

Cov neeg ntawm Dagestan

Lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm koom pheej ntawm Dagestan yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv tag nrho ib ncig ntawm Russia. 18 diasporas loj heev nyob ntawm no. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev qhia no nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj ib haiv neeg twg muaj feem ntau, thiab qee qhov, tshwj tsis yog hauv Dagestan, yeej tsis pom nyob qhov twg.

Cov neeg nyob hauv Dagestan yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav thaj chaw uas Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Aguls, Rutuls, Tsakhurs nyob lwm qhov.

Nyob hauv Dagestan nws tus kheej, Avars nyob feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, tab sis txawm lawv tsis muaj feem ntau. Muaj txog 850 txhiab ntawm lawv, uas yog kwv yees li 30% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Dargins - 16.5%, Kumyks - 14%, Lezgins - 13%, tus naj npawb ntawm lwm haiv neeg tsis pub tshaj 10%.

kab lis kev cai

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias ua ntej xyoo pua 20th sau Dargin cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog tsis muaj nyob. Yav dhau los, txhua yam haujlwm tsuas muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj xwb. Thawj cov paj huam sau ua lus Dargin tau luam tawm xyoo 1900s. Nyob rau hauv lus thiab grammatical cov ntsiab lus, lawv tseem yog semi-Dargin thiab semi-Arabic, muaj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas nkaus xwb.

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, cov ntaub ntawv Dargin pib sai heevtxhim kho. Thaum xub thawj, monuments ntawm lub qhov ncauj kos duab ntawm cov neeg no tau sau thiab sau tseg, nyob rau hauv 1925 thawj cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub Dargin lus, uas hu ua "Dargan", tau pib luam tawm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1961, raws li thawj Dargin studio, qhib ntawm Art and Theatre Institute hauv Yerevan, thawj tus kws ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam ntawm Dargins tau tshwm sim. Nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus tsim ntawm Dargin cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, Omarl Batyray.

Lab lus

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg no hais cov lus Dargin, uas yog nyob rau ceg ntseeg Nakh-Dagestan. Nov yog tsev neeg North Caucasian.

Cov lus Dargin nws tus kheej tau muab faib ua ntau hom lus. Ntawm lawv yog Urakhinsky, Akushinsky, Kaitagsky, Tsudaharsky, Chiragsky, Kubachingsky, Sirginsky, Megebsky.

Cov lus sau niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg no tau tsim los ntawm cov lus Akushinsky. Cov lus Lavxias kuj muaj ntau ntawm cov Dargins.

Thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv tus kheej cov lus ntawm Dargins hnub rov qab mus rau ib nrab xyoo pua 18th. Nyob rau xyoo 1860, cov lus piav qhia ntawm Urakha lus tau tshwm sim. Ntau xyoo dhau los, lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau ntawv tau hloov pauv ob zaug. Nyob rau hauv 1928, cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic tau hloov los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, thiab txij li xyoo 1938, cov duab Lavxias tau siv. Hauv cov tsiaj ntawv niaj hnub no, Dargins muaj 46 tus tsiaj ntawv.

Music

Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, cov nkauj Dargin tau dhau los ua thoob plaws. Muaj ntau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab cov kws tshaj lij nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab kom phim.

Ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Dargin nkauj yog Rinat Karimov. Nyob rau hauv nws repertoire muaj tej hauj lwm "Rau koj, Dargins", "Isbahi", "Kev hlub yuav los", "Kuv Darginka", "Ntxhais kuv lub siab", "Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm kev hlub", "Dream", "Dub-eyed", "Zoo nkauj", "Zoo siab", "Kuv nyob tsis tau yog tsis muaj koj", "Zoo nkauj", "Comic"

Dargin kab lig kev cai

Ib lub tswv yim tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov kab lig kev cai ntawm cov neeg no, raws li cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov neeg no. Nws muaj kev foom tsis zoo thiab kev xav zoo, kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav ntawm cov neeg no tau pom meej. Interestingly, qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws Dargin foom tsis zoo qhia txog qhov kev lis kev cai tswj hwm lawv cov hierarchy ntawm tus nqi.

Yog koj ua tib zoo kawm yam uas Dargins xav tau rau ib tug phooj ywg lossis tus yeeb ncuab, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov txwj laus, tsev neeg kev coj noj coj ua tau hwm ntawm no thiab cov qhua tuaj yeem txais tos. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov Dargins, nws yog ib qho kev hem tias cov laus dhau los ua tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau leej twg, cov pob txha ntawm ib tus neeg uas tsis nyiam cov qhua raug tawg, cov txheeb ze tawg zoo li hlaws los ntawm cov xov torn.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm Caucasian haiv neeg no yog kev hwm ntawm hnub nyoog. Nws yog kev cai rau cov txwj laus ib txwm muab txoj kev, thiab thaum nws pib hais lus, cov hluas yuav tsum mloog nws thaum sawv ntxov. Ntawm lub rooj, lub tais ntawm tus neeg laus tshaj plaws yuav yog thawj zaug kom puv, inattention rau cov laus raug txim nyob rau hauv lub zej zog.

Yuav luag tib yamreverently nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub Dargins kho qhua. Raws li lwm qhov hauv Caucasus, nws yog qhov kev cai ntawm no ib txwm npaj rau qhov tseeb tias tus neeg taug kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw pib ntawm lub tsev, leej twg yuav tsum tau nyob ib puag ncig nrog kev hwm zoo.

Rau cov qhua hauv tsev, lawv npaj qhov kev txiav txim zoo meej, muab qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yuav tsum tau kho, yog li Dargins ib txwm khaws cov khoom siv xwm txheej ceev hauv tsev yog tias tus neeg taug kev tshwm hauv tsev. Txawm tias cov me nyuam yaus paub txog qhov no, yog li thaum lawv nrhiav khoom qab zib, lawv ib txwm nug lawv niam lawv txiv yog tias lawv npaj rau qhua. Thaum cov neeg txawv txawv tshwm sim hauv tsev, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua kom huv si, fuss, txhua yam yuav tsum ua kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.

Ntxhais hmoob

Ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg no, ib qho ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm tsev neeg kev coj noj coj ua. Txoj kev ua yawg koob lub neej yog ib yam ntawm no, uas txhais tau hais tias cov txiv neej siab tshaj poj niam, thiab cov laus tshaj cov hluas.

Txhua yam tsis ncaj ncees tam sim ntawd ua rau nws tsev neeg txaj muag tam sim ntawd. Yog li ntawd, txhua leej txhua tus siv zog ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees, nws cov cai tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Kev ncaj ncees, kev ua nom ua tswv, kev ua siab loj thiab kev rau siab yog muaj nqis tshaj plaws.

kab tshoob kev kos ntawm cov neeg no yog ib txwm muaj rau tag nrho cov Caucasus. Muaj kev sib hais plaub ntug, ua raws li kev pom zoo rau kev sib yuav, nyob ntawm tus nkauj nyab nyob hauv "lwm" lub tsev, uas yog ua ntej los ntawm kev sib yuav. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tus ntxhais raug coj mus rau hauv chav tsev thiab xa mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rau dej.

Cov menyuam yaus suav hais tias yog tus nqi zoo hauv tsev neeg. Kev xav kom tsis muaj menyuam yog suav tias yog ib qhontawm cov lus foom phem thiab phem tshaj plaws. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau muaj npe raws li cov yaj saub, cov neeg hwm hauv tsev neeg lossis cov txheeb ze uas tuag ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus paub tias nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub npe no.