Tsim ib hom riam phom, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov teb chaws tsim kho tau mob siab rau cov khoom sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ONFP. Cov ntawv luv no yog hais txog txhua yam riam phom raws li lub cev tsis tau siv yav dhau los. TO ONFP muaj xws li: riam phom, geophysical, kinetic, infrasound, xov tooj cua zaus, noob, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ONFP yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab yam tsis muaj tib neeg raug mob thiab puas tsuaj. Kab lus muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov riam phom.
Definition of concept
Beam riam phom yog riam phom tawm tsam uas lub teeb laser yog qhov ua rau puas tsuaj.
Lub laser nws tus kheej yog ib qho system uas muaj cov hauv qab no:
- Ua haujlwm (lossis ua haujlwm) gaseous, khoom lossis kua nruab nrab.
- Lub zog muaj zogzog.
- Resonator nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim iav.
Laser riam phom yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas hloov lub zog rau hauv cov kab teeb pom kev siab lossis rau hauv cov kab teeb pom kev zoo. Cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv no yog ua los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb. Lub zog tuaj yeem yog hluav taws xob, lub teeb, tshuaj lom neeg thiab thermal. Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob li cas rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, lub teeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv lub laser lossis lub teeb tsom nrawm nrawm ntawm lub zog-saturated hais raws li qhov ua rau puas tsuaj.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Thaum tsom txhua hom riam phom ntawm lub hom phiaj, nws raug cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kub siab heev. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov supersensitive ntsiab ntawm cov khoom yaj thiab txawm evaporate. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsoo lub laser ntawm ib tug neeg, thermal burns tau pom. Lub laser kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag.
txiaj ntsig
Qhov zoo ntawm hom riam phom laser no suav nrog:
- Ntseeg. Thaum siv lub laser, tsis muaj cov cim sab nraud xws li hluav taws, pa taws thiab suab.
- High raug.
- Kev ua tam sim. Cov khoom kub hnyiab hauv ib lub vib nas this. Nws siv sij hawm tsawg heev kom txav lub nqaj mus rau lub hom phiaj tshiab.
- kev ncaj.
- siab ceev. Cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj sij hawm los dodge.
- Tsis rov qab.
- Infinity " mos txwv ". Nws nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog xwb.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm laser beam
Lasers yog siv hauv kev lag luam chaw. Nrog lawv pab, intercontinental ballistic missiles thiab dag ntiaj teb satellites raug puas tsuaj. Cov riam phom no kuj tseem siv tau zoo hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov twg lub laser siv los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag.
Rau riam phom ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej
Nyob hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, lasers tau tsim uas siv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm nitrogen. Nitrogen-beam riam phom yog siv los ntawm lub zog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ethylene hauv nitrogen trifluoride.
Lub zog ntawm cov lasers xws li:
- Kev huv huv ib puag ncig. Tsis zoo li riam phom nuclear, lasers tsis tsim hluav taws xob.
- Nyob pheej yig. Nitrogen muaj nyob rau hauv qhov txwv tsis pub muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb.
Txoj kev tuag
Hom riam phom no tseem hu ua "beam". Lub npe no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom puas tsuaj hauv cov riam phom no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom nruab nrab (electrons, protons, nruab nrab hydrogen atoms), sau rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob thiab tawg ntawm qhov kub ceev. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv, beam accelerator riam phom yog siv los lov tes taw cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm intercontinental, ballistic thiab cruise missiles. Thaum ua kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av nrog kev pab ntawm kab teeb, cov khoom siv tub rog yeeb ncuab raug rhuav tshem. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ceev riam phom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lawv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cuam tshuam cov ntshav hemoglobin, enzymes ntawm lub paj hlwbsystems, dej molecules nyob rau hauv cov kab mob.
Raws li Asmeskas cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, Tebchaws Meskas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av nrog kev pab los ntawm kev siv riam phom nrawm. Kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm tib neeg thiab lwm yam kab mob nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Unofficially, hom riam phom no hu ua "dag rays".
History of Creation
Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus kws tshawb fawb Serbian Nikola Tesla, uas nyob hauv Amelikas lub sijhawm ntawd, tau koom nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv ntau hom zog hloov mus rau lub hom phiaj rays. Tesla's beam riam phom yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm lub cev, uas tseem tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev tsim yav dhau los rau kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus ntev.
Nyob rau hauv tus kws tshawb fawb txoj kev txhim kho, lub zog xa mus rau hauv cov huab cua tau tsom los ntawm txoj kab ntawm ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb. Raws li lub physicist, nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug laser beam nws muaj peev xwm ua kom puas mus txog 10 txhiab units ntawm cov yeeb ncuab aircraft los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 400 txhiab meters. Txhawm rau tsim cov nqaj, lawv yuav tsum tsim cov chaw nres tsheb tshwj xeeb muaj nqis txog $ 2 lab. Lawv txoj kev tsim kho, raws li tus kws tshawb fawb, yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg peb lub hlis. Dr. John Trump, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Tebchaws Meskas, cov lus hais no tau pom tias yog kev kwv yees thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li lawv qhov kev siv. Xav kom lub ntiaj teb sib npaugsib npaug thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, xyoo 1940 N. Tesla tau tawm tswv yim tias tsoomfwv Meskas tau tshaj tawm cov lus zais ntawm nws "super-pob phom". Tsis tau txais kev nkag siab zoo hauv Asmeskas, tus kws tshawb fawb nrog cov lus pom zoo sib xws tau tig mus rau tsoomfwv ntawm lwm lub xeev. Lub physicist lub invention aroused txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Hauv kev sib tham nrog N. Tesla, kev txaus siab ntawm USSR hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau sawv cev los ntawm lub tuam txhab Amtorg. Rau $ 25,000, ib tus neeg tsim khoom hauv Serbian tau muag cov phiaj xwm rau cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet rau kev ua cov tshuab nqus tsev siv hauv cov riam phom. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, lub physicist tau nyiam nyob rau hauv lub invention tsuas yog tom qab nws tuag. Cov neeg sawv cev FBI tau tshawb nrhiav tus kws tshawb fawb lub chaw haujlwm thiab txeeb tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv.
Soviet kev loj hlob
Kev tsim thiab kev sim ntawm "txoj kab hluav taws xob tuag" tau ua tiav hauv kev zais nruj. Nws tsis yog txog xyoo 1960 uas cov pej xeem tuaj yeem pom thawj zaug tias riam phom laser yog dab tsi. Thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias, cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet thiab Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb tau nce siab ua haujlwm los tsim lawv tus kheej "txoj kev tuag". Hauv ob lub xeev, cov nyiaj tau los loj heev tau nqis peev hauv cov haujlwm no. Kev sim tsis tau nres txawm tias tom qab Tsov Rog Txias kawg.
Txhawm rau muab lub tswv yim tiv thaiv qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv missile nrog lub tshiab, zoo heev thiab muaj zog puas tsuaj riam phom, Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb twb nyob rau hauv 1950 launched tej yaam num los tsim super-powered laser riam phom "Terra" thiab "Omega". Qhov chaw sim yog Kazakh Sary-Shagan qhov chaw sim. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm qhov chaw no tau nres.
Thawjkev ua qauv qhia
Nyob rau xyoo 1984, American shuttle Challenger tau raug hluav taws xob siv Terra laser radar. Yog li ntawd, kev sib txuas lus thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub nkoj tau cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg coob coob tau pom tias muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo. Cov neeg Amelikas pom tau hais tias lawv tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam los ntawm Soviet Union. Rau tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm Tsov Rog Txias, qhov ntu no nrog kev siv riam phom yog tib qho xwb.
Soviet tus kheej-propelled laser systems
Nyob rau hauv lub 80s, Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib qho kev pab cuam rau kev sib ntaus sib tua laser system ntawm Compression self-propelled complex. Tus qauv tsim tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm NPO Astrophysics. Lub complex tau tsim los hlawv los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lov tes taw lawv cov tshuab optoelectronic.
Nyob rau xyoo 1983, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Shilka tus kheej-propelled unit, ib tug tshiab laser complex "Sangvin" tau tsim. Nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov tshuab kho qhov muag uas tau nruab nrog cov yeeb ncuab helicopters.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet tshwj xeeb rau cosmonaus tau ua ntau yam ntawm tes tuav cov riam phom laser. Txawm li cas los xij, cov carbines uas tsis yog tuag taus thiab rab yaj phom no yeej tsis xav tau. Lawv pw hauv warehouses txog xyoo 1990.
Asmeskas laser YAL-1A
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los, Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim YAL-1A laser tshwj xeeb rau lub dav hlau Boeing-747-400F. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab ballistic missiles. Txawm tias nws yog laserriam phom tau ua tiav kev sim, nws hloov tawm los ua qhov tsis zoo rau nruab rau hauv lub dav hlau hauv kev xyaum. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm YAL-1A tsis tshaj 200 km. Tus kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Boeing-747 yuav tsis mus ze rau tus yeeb ncuab yog tias nws muaj cov kab ke tiv thaiv huab cua tsawg tshaj plaws.
HEL MD
Nyob rau xyoo 2013, muaj riam phom tshiab tau tsim nyob hauv Asmeskas. Nws lub zog yog 10 kW. Xyoo 2017, lub laser tshiab tau dhau los ua kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws hauv Persian Gulf. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, ib lub tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav dav hlau thiab ntau lub pob zeb mines raug tua. Los ntawm 2020, Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb npaj yuav txhim kho lub laser no. Thaum kawg, HEL MD system yuav yog 100 kilowatt cog.
Israeli laser missile tiv thaiv system
Nyob hauv lub tebchaws no, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom tsim cov lasers tiv thaiv missile. Cov neeg phem Palestinian siv Qassam missiles los tua Israeli thaj chaw. Lub sijhawm no, Tebchaws Meskas tau pib qhov kev pabcuam Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Nyob rau hauv lub lig 90s, lub American tuam txhab Northrop Grumman, ua ke nrog Israeli kws tshawb fawb, tsim lub Nautilus laser missile tiv thaiv system. Nws tau npaj tseg tias cov tub rog Israeli yuav siv nws los tiv thaiv Palestinian missiles. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev Ixayees tau thim tawm ntawm SDI, thiab lub tshuab laser tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog lub xeev.
Beam riam phom ntawm Russia
Raws li Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Yuri Borisov, xyoo 2014, tshwj xeeb rau cov tsheb hauv av, nyoob hoom qav taub, kev sib ntaus sib tuaaircraft thiab nkoj nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog ntau lub tshuab laser. Lawv yog dab tsi, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv tus lej, tsis qhia tawm tam sim no. Niaj hnub no, cov tub rog Lavxias tab tom sim A-60 laser system, uas lawv npaj yuav nruab rau lub dav hlau Il-76 yav tom ntej. Qhov chaw ntawm lub laser yog lub hneev ntawm lub dav hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas, nws tau muab tawm hais tias lub "riam phom ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej" yog ineffective nyob rau hauv pos huab thiab huab cua thiab yuav tsum tau txhim kho. Beam zoo kuj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua siab thiab daus.
Thiab tsis tau hom riam phom no suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua zoo, qhov ntau ntawm A-60 sib ntaus sib tua beam yog 1500 km. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev rhuav tshem cov foob pob hluav taws, yeeb ncuab dav hlau, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias npaj, lub foob pob hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntawm Lavxias Federation yuav tau nruab nrog cov riam phom siab heev nyob rau yav tom ntej.
Lasers hauv art
Thaum hais txog lasers, ntau tus neeg koom nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo "Star Wars". Nws tau nyob ntawd tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv rab phom ntev, rab yaj phom thiab ntaj tau tshwm sim thawj zaug. Tom qab ntawd, cov riam phom zoo sib xws tau qiv los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm ntau lub computer games.
Lub luag haujlwm ua si "Skyrim" tuaj yeem yog qhov piv txwv tiag tiag. Txhua tus uas tau nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb virtual ntawm Skyrim paub txog Dwemer beam riam phom. Los ntawm kev nkag mus rau ib qho mod rau qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kev ua si, koj tuaj yeem nruab ib rab ntaj ib txhais tes, axe, axes lossis dagger.
