Cov niam txiv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib tau ntsib nrog qhov kev npaj txhij txog, thaum xub thawj siab, teeb meem. Cov menyuam yaus muaj kev nyuaj rau kev sau paj huam. Thiab qhov no, nws tsis cuam tshuam txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
Yuav kom kawm ib zaj paj huam, tus me nyuam yuav tsum nco nws cov ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej cov lus. Yog tsis muaj qhov no, memorization hloov mus rau hauv cramming. Txhawm rau kom tus menyuam kawm ntawv nco tau cov ntawv nyeem, cov duab yuav tsum tau kho hauv nws lub cim xeeb uas yuav pab nws rov tsim dua. Thiab yog tias tus menyuam tsis nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej? Cov duab txuam nrog lawv tsis tsim. Piv txwv li, tsis paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus indus, tus me nyuam yuav tsis nco qab.
Vim li cas cov lus tawm mus
Muaj ntau lo lus uas peb pog yawg siv, tab sis tsis tau siv los ntawm peb hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Peb paub lawv lub ntsiab lus, peb tsis xav tsis thoob thaum peb ntsib lawv hauv cov ntawv tseeb, tab sis peb tsis siv lawv hauv kev hais lus. Yog li ntawd, rau peb cov me nyuam, cov no yog cov lus tsis meej, tsis muaj qab hau. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua passive vocabulary. Tseem muaj ib qho active, uas yog siv los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem.
Qhov kev faib ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus no yog ib yam rautxhua lub sijhawm. Cov lus tawm ntawm peb cov lus rau ntau yam. Qee qhov tawm ntawm kev ncig thaum cov khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog lawv ploj mus. Lawv hu ua historicisms. Piv txwv li:
- kaftan, kokoshnik, taws - ploj hauv tsev;
- luj tshib, sazhen, arshin - lub npe ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntev;
- tus neeg ua haujlwm, tub ceev xwm - tub ceev xwm.
Lwm cov lus tau maj mam dhau los ua tsis tiav, raws li cov npe tshiab ntawm tib yam khoom, kev nqis tes ua, tus cwj pwm tshwm sim. Lawv hu ua archaisms:
- yees - ob lub qhov muag;
- lanites - plhu;
- actor - actor.
Lo lus "Inda" hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv
Nyeem tej hauj lwm classical, peb ntsib cov historicisms thiab archaisms zoo sib xws:
- in A. S. Pushkin txog Golden Cockerel: "Tsar Dadon quaj tawm ntawm kev npau taws hauv Indus";
- at M. E. S altykov-Shchedrin "Poshekhonskaya lub sij hawm qub": "Indus longing yuav siv";
- at I. A. Goncharova "Ib Zaj Dab Neeg": "Rau kev xyiv fab, Indo cuam tshuam kuv mus rau hauv hws."
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus indus, lossis indo, muaj nyob hauv Ushakov phau ntawv txhais lus. Nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim, yog siv los ntxiv dag zog thiab hais txog cov lus tom qab nws. Piv txwv li: "Nws ntaus nws lub hauv pliaj, sparks poob ntawm nws ob lub qhov muag." Synonyms yog:
- mam;
- txawm;
- yog li ntawd;
- qee zaus;
- chaw;
- qhov chaw;
- important;
- txawm tias;
- tsawg kawg;
- muaj;
- yog li ntawd.
Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov lus siv tsis tau
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau piav qhia rau tus menyuam lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus indus hauv zaj dab neeg? Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov lus uas tsis siv lawm?
Lawv yog siv hauv cov ntawv tseeb los qhia txog qhov qub ntawm lub sijhawm, muab sublimity, solemnity rau style, los tsim cov nyhuv satirical thiab comic. Nyob rau hauv Pushkin's fairy tales, lawv txhim khu qhov tseeb thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm cov yam ntxwv, muab lawv lyricism, pej xeem tsw.
Peb puas yuav tsum paub lawv lub ntsiab? Yog lawm. Thaum kawg, yog tsis muaj lawv txoj kev nkag siab, tej hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab yav dhau los yuav tig mus rau hauv ib pawg ntawm cov lus incomprehensible mus rau lub contemporary.
Nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm peb seb peb cov menyuam puas tuaj yeem txaus siab rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev tsim tsis txawj tuag ntawm Pushkin, Gogol, Tyutchev, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky thiab tag nrho galaxy ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab sau ntawv.
