Kestrel common: piav qhia, chaw nyob thiab kev ua neej

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:01

Ib tug noog ntau heev, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag zoo li nquab - lub kestrel falcon. Ornithologists piav qhia lub npe zoo li no. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, yos hav zoov tau nrov nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv uas gyrfalcons, saker falcons los yog sparrowhawks yeej ib txwm koom. Cov neeg yos hav zoov thaum ub sim qhia tus noog no, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi.

Yog vim li cas tus falcon no tsis ntes cov tsiaj nyeg hauv davhlau, tsis zoo li lwm cov tsiaj nyeg saum ntuj, nws tau hu ua ib qho khoob, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - lub kestrel. Lub npe ornithological ntawm cov noog yog tinnunculus. Nws tau txais nws vim nws lub suab. Hu nkauj zoo li lub suab "tee-tee-tee." Qhov siab thiab xim yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Lub npe Latin hauv kev txhais lus txhais tau tias "ringing" lossis "sonorous".

Kestrel falcon (steppe, common): piav qhia

Steppe kestrel thiab kestrel feem ntau zoo sib xws. Lub steppe falcon yog me me, tab sis tib lub sijhawm zoo nkauj dua. Cov kws yees duab nyiam tua cov noog no hauv davhlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txiv neej. Nws muaj lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab uas sib piv tsis tau. Steppe kestrel ci liab, tsis muaj dab tsilos yog me ntsis thiab motley dots. Lub taub hau yog xiav-grey ntxoov, thiab ntawm lub npoo-puab tus Tsov tus tw muaj ib tug ciam teb dub. Ib qho txawv txawv ntawm steppe falcon yog dawb claws. Cov kestrel feem ntau tuaj yeem dai saum ntuj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tab sis rau qhov no, nws tas li flutters nws tis. Thiab lub steppe falcon hangs motionless. Thiab cov noog no nyiam nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam. Lawv nyiam noj cov kab, hos cov kestrel feem ntau catches thiab noj nas, tsawg zaus kab loj.

Noog no muaj nyob hauv teb chaws Africa thiab Eurasia. Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, ib qho ntawm feem nrov falcons nyob rau yav qab teb Urals, Altai, Transcaucasia yog ib tug dog dig kestrel. Qhov chaw nyob thiab kev ua neej ntawm falcon tau kawm zoo. Cov noog tau faib yuav luag thoob plaws txhua thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws, tshwj tsis yog tundra. Nws hlub, tau kawg, ntau dej nyab ntug dej ntawm cov dej loj, hav zoov-steppes thiab me me hav zoov siv. Cov hav zoov tuab tsis yog rau nws, vim nws tau txais zaub mov hauv qhov chaw qhib.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev vam meej tau nquag nqus cov chaw nyob hauv ntuj tsim ntawm cov me me falcon, yog li nws "tsiv" thiab nyob zoo rau hauv cov megacities ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Thiab qhov ze ntawm ib tug neeg tsis ntshai nws kiag li.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Kestrel yog ib hom noog uas muaj xim zoo nkauj. Cov falcon me me pub rau lizards, nas thiab qee zaum kab loj. Hauv kev nrhiav cov tsiaj nyeg, nws tuaj yeem ya yuav luag saum av thiab nrhiav cov tsiaj nyeg ntev ntev. Pom ib qho, tus noog pib npuaj nws cov tis nquag, khov thiab dhia qis.

Vision

Nyob rau ntawm clawspaws thiab lub qhov muag ntse tuaj rau kev pab ntawm cov noog hauv kev tau txais zaub mov. Lub kestrel qhov muag pom tau ntau dua 2.6 npaug ntawm tus neeg. Yog tias tib neeg muaj tib yam, ces tus oculist daim ntawv txheeb xyuas yuav yooj yim nyeem los ntawm 90 meters! Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias qhov me me falcon zoo kawg nkaus pom cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Qhov no ua rau nws paub txog qhov seem ntawm nas tso zis rau hauv av lossis nyom. Vim li no, ib qho kestrel zoo tib yam tuaj yeem taug qab thiab tua cov tsiaj no yam tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau. Tsev neeg Falcon yog tsev neeg uas kestrel belongs. Nws detachment, raws li koj to taub, yog Falcon, thiab nws genus yog Falcons.

Poj niam thiab txiv neej

Tus noog no tau hais txog kev sib deev dimorphism. Tus poj niam tuaj yeem yooj yim txawv ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm cov xim ntawm lub taub hau. Cov txiv neej muaj lub teeb grey ntxoov ntawm lub taub hau plaub. Lub taub hau yog xim av dawb. Nyob rau sab nraum qab muaj qhov sib txawv tsis zoo ntawm cov xim dub, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rhombus. Nws tus Tsov tus tw thiab ib feem ntawm lub nraub qaum nyob ze ntawm tus Tsov tus tw yog them nrog lub teeb grey plaub. Qhov kawg ntawm tus Tsov tus tw yog bordered nrog dub kab txaij nrog ib tug dawb ciam teb. Nyob rau hauv nws yog cream feathers thiab NW nyuam qhuav pom me ntsis ntawm lub teeb xim av hue. Lub plab thiab tis plaub yuav luag dawb.

Tus poj niam txawv ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab zoo nkauj transverse tsaus nti khiav hla tag nrho sab nraub qaum. Nws tus Tsov tus tw muaj xim av tint, nrog ntau cov kab txaij transverse thiab meej edging ntawm qhov kawg. Lub plab yog pom hauv qab thiab tsaus ntau.

Ib tug tub hluas kestrel thaum xub thawj zoo li poj niam xim. Tsuas yog cov tis luv me ntsis thiab ntau duapuag ncig. Davhlau plaub yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub teeb ciam teb. Lub thickening ntawm beak thiab lub qhov muag nplhaib yog daj ntseg xiav rau lub teeb ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yaus thiab daj nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Tus Tsov tus tw yog sib npaug vim cov plaub hau luv luv. Cov tis ntawm cov neeg laus npog cov plaub hau, thiab cov claws tsaus nti ntawm cov ceg tuab daj. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov kestrel tsuas yog ntau tshaj 200 grams, tus txiv neej nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 300. Qhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm tus txiv neej yog 34.5 cm, thiab cov poj niam yog 36 cm. Lub wingspan rau xws li ib tug me noog yog impressive - 75-76 cm.

lub zes nyob qhov twg?

Los ntawm lub caij ntuj no, tus falcon me tuaj txog thaum nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis - thaum ntxov Tsib Hlis. Lub zes yog ua ua khub. Tsawg zaus, koj tuaj yeem ntsib ob peb khub ntxiv nyob ze lossis ib cheeb tsam, tab sis tsis pub tshaj 10 noog.

Cov kestrel feem ntau nyiam ua zes ntawm qhov tsis qhib hav zoov thiab txawm nyob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob. Tsawg dua, nws lub tsev tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov pob zeb me me lossis dej ntws, raws ntug dej ntws. Nws tsis tsim lub zes, zoo li feem ntau falcons, tab sis pom cov zes uas tsis muaj nyob uas tau tso tseg los ntawm magpies, rooks lossis ravens. Qee zaum tsev neeg kestrel tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov khoob ntawm ib tsob ntoo cais, thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem tias lub hollow tsis yog khoob. Tus noog yooj yim ncaws tawm cov tswv thiab nyob ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov zes xaiv tau ua tiav nrog ob peb ceg.

Qe tso thiab incubation

Nyob ntawm huab cua, cov kestrel feem ntau pib nteg qe rau thaum lub Plaub Hlis kawg. Tus poj niam incubates txog tsib brightly xim, ocher-xim xim speckled qe. Tab sis ornithologists tau pom zes nrog 8 los yog ntau dua qe. Lub kestrel muaj qhov tsoib xyoos ib zaug xwb. Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov qe, cov noog tseem yuav ua tau ib clutch. Tsuas yog tus poj niam incubates cov xeeb ntxwv. Tus txiv neej ua zaub mov.

Txiv neej

Me nyuam qaib tshwm tom qab ib hlis. Lawv hnov thiab pom tam sim ntawd. Thaum yug los, me me falcon me nyuam qaib yog npog nrog cov mos mos tshaj plaws dawb fluff thiab tib cov dawb dawb muaj beak thiab claws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj kev phom sij, lawv pw ntawm lawv nraub qaum, nthuav tawm lawv cov claws ntse upwards, los yog tsuas yog pw hauv qab ntawm lub zes. Ob leeg niam txiv koom tes nrog cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov me nyuam txoj kev qab los noj mov yog "qhov hnyav". Khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum tau ntau thiab ntau zaus. Nyob rau hauv ib hnub, thaum pub me nyuam, ob niam txiv rhuav tshem ntau tshaj nees nkaum nas me! Nyob rau lub sij hawm no fertile, lawv coj invaluable txiaj ntsim rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab gardeners. Thiab lawv hais tias tus noog "dab laug". Lawv yuam kev, vim hais tias nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov qoob loo zoo heev! Juvenile common kestrel maj mam hloov xim plumage rau cov neeg laus. Lub sijhawm no, cov menyuam qaib twb xav txog lub neej nyob ib puag ncig lawv thiab xav tau zaub mov ntxiv.

Tom qab 45-50 hnub cov tub ntxhais hluas falcons tau npaj rau thawj zaug. Lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem pom "kev ua si gymnastic" ntawm ntug zes. Tsis ntev cov me nyuam qaib kestrel yuav ya thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj thaum ntxov lawv yuav nrog lawv niam lawv txiv mus rau lawv lub caij ntuj no.

Ntaus thiab yeeb ncuab

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kestrel feem ntau tau raug rau kev sib tw loj. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, ornithologists pom tias cov noog tuaj yeem yog tus neeg nomadic, pronouncedly migratory los yog sedentary. Rau xws liTus cwj pwm ntawm kestrel tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom noj hauv nws qhov chaw nyob. Lub ntsiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm falcon yog nyob rau sab qab teb Europe. Feem ntau lawv tau pom hauv Spain, Poland, Belgium, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab txawm tias North Africa.

Noog no tsis muaj yeeb ncuab, tsuas yog tib neeg xwb. Nyob rau hauv lub seventies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, rau ib tug zoo nqi zog, koj muaj peev xwm muab tshaj nws paws. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kestrel nquag tau poob qis. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov noog hauv tib neeg. Txij li thaum pib ntawm 2000, tus naj npawb ntawm kestrel feem ntau tseem nyob rau tib theem.