Pib pib los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, thiab tej zaum thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ua rog uas ua ntej nws, xws li kev tsov rog hauv Spain thiab Abyssinia, lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua phem ntawm kev dav hlau tau pom tseeb. Huab cua supremacy txiav txim siab ua tiav. Tom qab ntawd muaj Kaus Lim Kauslim, Nyab Laj, Afghanistan, Iran thiab Iraq, Middle East, Iraq dua thiab ntau lwm qhov kev sib tsoo hauv zos uas tau lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dav hlau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Yog tias tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam thiab foob pob foob pob, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev yeej. Thiab qhov no yuav tsum muaj ob lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua thiab cov dav hlau tshwj xeeb uas muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb, xws li ceev, maneuverability thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Lub tswv yim ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter yuav tsum tau hloov ntau xyoo. Lub metamorphoses ntawm hom khoom siv tub rog no tau cuam tshuam ob qho tib si los ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txi zoo.
thirties-forties, the era of propeller-driven fighters
Lub dav hlau Soviet I-16 ua tau zoo nyob rau saum ntuj ntawm Spain. Xyoo 1936 notej zaum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv nws tsim, cov engineers ntawm lub Polikarpov bureau siv qhov tseeb kev daws teeb meem, revolutionary rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Nws yog thawj serial qauv nrog retractable landing iav, ib tug haib cav thiab riam phom (suav nrog rau kev txhim kho unguided rockets). Tab sis lub reign ntawm "Chatos" ("Snub-nosed" - raws li cov Republicans hu nws rau lub dav profile ntawm lub hood) tsis kav ntev. Lub German Messerschmitt-109 tau tshwm sim saum ntuj, uas tau hloov pauv ntau yam thoob plaws Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob. Tsuas yog qee lub dav hlau nyob ze hauv chav kawm thiab lub cav fais fab tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws, suav nrog Askiv Spitfire thiab American Mustang tau tsim kho me ntsis tom qab.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom nrhiav tau txhua qhov kev ntsuas txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub dav hlau zoo tshaj plaws. Tus neeg tua rog, nws hloov tawm, tuaj yeem sib txawv, thiab koj yuav tsum ntsuas nws ntau txoj hauv kev.
fifties Korea
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm lub dav hlau tshuab, lub countdown ntawm fighter tiam pib. Thawj ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau kev tsim kho thawj zaug ntawm cov kws tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb, tsim rov qab rau hauv nruab nrab-forties. Rau peb nws yog MiG-9, uas, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws tsis, tsis deb ntawm lub Messerschmitt-262. Twb tau thaum Tsov Rog Kaus Lim Kauslim, cov neeg Amelikas tau poob siab los ntawm qhov tsis txaus siab rau lawv.
Swift, compact thiab heevlub maneuverable MiG-15 tsoo lub zoo li unshakable hwj chim ntawm US lub tswv yim aviation. Los ntawm no MiG originates lub thib ob tiam. Tom qab ntawd nws yog tus neeg tua rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab nws tau siv sijhawm los tsim tus yeeb ncuab tsim nyog rau nws, uas yog Saber.
Sixties, Nyab Laj thiab Middle East
Thaum ntawd muaj tsov rog Nyab Laj. Nyob rau saum ntuj, ob lub neej sib tw, Phantom thiab MiG-21, spun hauv "dog sib ntaus". Cov dav hlau no sib txawv heev, ob qho tib si loj, thiab qhov hnyav, thiab nyob rau hauv qib ntawm armament. Lub American F-4 hnyav ob npaug ntau npaum li lub Soviet interceptor, yog tsawg maneuverable, tab sis muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev.
Nws yog qhov nyuaj los txiav txim siab qhov twg yog tus neeg tua rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv Nyab Laj skies, tab sis tag nrho cov qhab nia tau pom zoo rau MiG. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tus nqi piv rau ib tug Soviet aircraft nqi ntau npaum li cas (ntau zaus) pheej yig dua, ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug unfavorable tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg Amelikas poob ob pilots, thiab tsis yog ib tug. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov dav hlau no tau mus rau tiam thib peb ntawm aviation technology. Lub caij no, kev nce qib txuas ntxiv, nrog ntau thiab ntau qhov kev xav tau nruj dua rau cov neeg cuam tshuam.
4 tiam txij li xyoo xya
Pib txij xyoo 1970, kev txhim kho ntawm cov dav hlau dav hlau mus raws cov kab tshiab. Avionics tau dhau los ua tsis yog ib qho cuab yeej los pab tus tsav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov yeeb ncuab thiab daws teeb meem navigation, nws tau ua ntau txoj haujlwm tswj. Uaib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev pom ntawm lub dav hlau rau cov yeeb ncuab radars. Cov kev tsis sib xws ntawm lub cav tau hloov pauv, thiab lub zog thrust vector tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv, uas ua rau peb xav txog radically reconsider lub tswvyim ntawm maneuverability. Kev txiav txim siab uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter belongs rau lub thib plaub tiam tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim, kev xav tau muab faib rau qhov teeb meem no. Asmeskas F-15 muaj nws cov neeg txhawb nqa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab hnub poob, thiab lawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus sib cav, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua siv Eagle. Lwm tus ntseeg tias nyob rau tiam thib plaub tus neeg tua rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog tus tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Su-27.
Ib tiam ntawm dav hlau interceptors yog sib cais los ntawm ib leeg raws li ob peb yam: lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob, tis puab thiab hom, cov ntaub ntawv saturation thiab ib co lwm yam, tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim los kos ib tug meej kab ntawm lawv, nws tseem nyob. raws cai. Piv txwv li, kev hloov kho sib sib zog nqus ntawm MiG-21 tau txhim kho nws qhov kev ua tau zoo heev uas nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib lub dav hlau thib plaub hauv yuav luag txhua qhov ntsuas ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav
Thib tsib interceptors niaj hnub no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm huab cua rog ntawm Russia thiab lwm lub teb chaws technologically advanced. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua missions, tiv thaiv airspace ntawm lawv lub xeev, lawv raug muag nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tub rog-technology kev koom tes rau cov tswv yim koom tes. Tab sis ua hauj lwm rautej yaam num tshiab tseem tsis tu ncua. Kev cog lus cov qauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tshiab muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb uas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv dhau los, uas ua rau muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias tiam thib tsib tau los. Nws cov yam ntxwv suav nrog kev pom radar qis, tau hais tawm hauv kev xav tshem tawm txhua hom riam phom yav dhau los muab tso rau ntawm kev tshem tawm sab nraud thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm radar absorbing nto, uas tau txais lub npe "Ste alth" nrog lub teeb tes ntawm Asmeskas. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev ua tiav tshiab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub tshav dav hlau cav lub tsev, rudders thiab tswj systems kuj qhia tau hais tias lub aircraft belongs rau tiam tshiab. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev tsim, uas txo qhov hnyav, thiab dua, nce ste alth. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsum yog niaj hnub no. Daim duab ntawm lub dav hlau zoo li no pom tau, cov qauv ntawm lub fuselage thiab cov dav hlau yog me ntsis angular, cov cav tawm ntawm qhov tsis pom tseeb, thiab cov nozzles muaj lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm qhov ua tau.
Raptor
Yuav ua li cas lawv zoo sib xws, txawm hais tias ob qho tib si cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa dav dav thiab cov kev tsis sib xws ntawm lub thib tsib tiam interceptor aircraft txawv heev. Cov no suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Raptor F-22. Cov kws tshaj lij, feem ntau yog Asmeskas, ntseeg tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub ntsiab lus sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov kev xav no yog qhov tseeb tias Raptor yog tib lub tshuab tsim tawm thiab tau txais kev pom zoo hauv ntiaj teb uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.nthuav tawm rau tus interceptor ntawm lub thib tsib tiam. Tag nrho lwm cov qauv zoo sib xws, suav nrog Lavxias, tab tom txhim kho thiab kho kom zoo. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau ib tus neeg tsis ntseeg qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev xav zoo li no. Qhov tseeb yog tias F-22 yeej tsis tau koom nrog hauv kev ua phem, thiab nws yuav coj li cas hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag tsis paub. Muaj ib zaug, Asmeskas tub rog-kev lag luam complex tau tshaj tawm txog Bi-2 ste alth bomber, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tawm tias txawm tias dhau los ntawm Soviet radars, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog Yugoslav, tuaj yeem ntes tau zoo.
Peb nyob li cas?
Nyob rau hauv Russia, tau kawg, tsis txhob tso tseg US kev sim ua kom tiav tub rog hegemony. Peb tab tom npaj los tsim ib lub dav hlau uas muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua tshaj plaws interceptor ntawm tus yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm. Nws tau npaj "tso rau ntawm tis" rov qab rau xyoo 2005, tab sis kev nyuaj, feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam, tiv thaiv nws. Hauv cov tebchaws tsim, feem ntau nws yuav siv sijhawm kaum xyoo thiab ib nrab los tsim cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam, thiab Sukhoi Design Bureau tau txais cov ntsiab lus siv hauv xyoo 1999. Cov lus qhia yooj yim qhia tias hnub twg Lavxias Air Force yuav tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog 2014 los yog 2015.
Tsis paub ntau txog nws. Lawv hu ua qhov project tsis yog ib lub dav hlau lossis tus interceptor, tab sis Frontal Aviation Complex. (PAKFA - "P" stands rau kev cog lus, "A" - aviation, ib co tautology yog excusable rau aircraft designers.) Takeoff hnyav - txog 20 tons, zoo li American F-22 thiab tseem tsis tau txais rauriam phom F-35. Tactical yam ntxwv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv lub tshuab los ntawm VPD me me, siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Lawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Nws zoo li qhov no yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. T-50 yog lwm lub npe rau PAKFA platform, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov lej ua haujlwm no yuav muab txoj hauv kev rau lub npe classic "Su" nrog qee tus lej.
Tuam Tshoj
Peb cov phooj ywg Suav tsis thab tsim lawv lub dav hlau ntev ntev. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv PRC lawv xaiv ib tug zoo Soviet qauv uas tau txais lub koob npe nrov, yuav cov ntaub ntawv technical thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej Performance index, muaj xws li tsab ntawv Y (rau pej xeem) los yog J (rau tub rog) thiab ib tug xov tooj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam loj hlob ntawm kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no, uas tau hloov Tuam Tshoj mus rau hauv kev cob qhia thoob ntiaj teb, tau thawb tib neeg kev lag luam dav hlau pib ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej cov haujlwm. Tej zaum J-10 tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis tag nrho cov paub kev specifications ntawm no aircraft qhia tau hais tias nws yog ib tug tshuab nyob rau hauv lub verge ntawm IV thiab V tiam nrog muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hloov kho ntxiv. Thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa dav dav (deltoid "duck" yam tsis muaj tus Tsov tus tw classic) eloquently hais tias lub sijhawm no cov neeg tsim dav hlau Suav tau ua yam tsis muaj qiv nyiaj sab nraud, qhia lawv tus kheej mus kom ze.
Top hit parade
Keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb aviation yog nplua nuj hauv kev ua tiav zoo. Qhov tsuas suav ntawm cov dav hlau interceptor, uas tau dhau los ua cov txuj ci ntawm engineering kos duab, yuav siv ntau qhov chaw. Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov feem ntauzoo tshaj fighter? Ntawm cov qauv ua tau zoo, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem pab tau tab sis nco qab La-5 thiab La-7, Aerocobra, uas I. N. Kozhedub thiab AI Pokryshkin tau tawm tsam, Fabkis Mirage, Swedish Saabs, English Lightning thiab ntau lwm yam muaj zog thiab zoo nkauj tshuab. Txoj haujlwm yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias txawm tias zoo li cas lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua, nws yuav luag ib txwm pom tus neeg sib tw tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd, nws ua rau kev nkag siab los nthuav qhia qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm cov neeg cuam tshuam zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov khub:
- Messerschmitt-109 thiab Spitfire. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Soviet aircraft tau zoo, tab sis lawv tsis muaj lub tshuab muaj zog, yog li lawv tsis nyob rau hauv cov npe saum toj kawg nkaus.
- MiG-15 thiab Saber F-86. Lawv sib ntaus sib tua rau lawv lub siab lub ntsiab lus hauv Kauslim Teb.
- "Phantom" F-4 thiab MiG-21. Nyab Laj, Middle East thiab lwm yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog tau taw qhia qhov muaj zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov dav hlau sib txawv no.
- Eagle F-15 tawm tsam Su-27. "Eagle" muaj lub koob npe zoo heev vim nws siv tau zoo hauv kev ua yeeb yam niaj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. "Nqaij" tsis yog qis dua rau nws nyob rau hauv feem ntau technical thiab tactical indicators, As thiab nyob rau hauv ib co superior, tab sis nws kev sib ntaus los yeej tsis txaus rau ib tug kiag li yeej nyob rau hauv kev sib tw rau lub title ntawm "tus zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no." Xyoo 2014 tau raug cim los ntawm kev saws ib lub dav hlau Su-35S, uas yog ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Su-27, mus rau hauv chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias Air Force.
- T-50 thiab Raptor. Cov neeg tawm tsam, pom tau tias, tsim nyog heev. Nws yuav zoo dua yog tias lawv tsis tau ntsib hauv dogfights, tab sis yog tias qhov no tshwm sim yav tom ntej, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas peb lub tshuab yuav tsiscia koj mus.
Dab tsi yuav yog tus neeg tua rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st? Ib tug tsuas yog kwv yees dab tsi tshiab lub tswv yim ntawm aircraft engineers yav tom ntej yuav los nrog. Lub xyoo pua tau nyuam qhuav pib, thiab los ntawm txhua qhov qhia, nws yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab…
