Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorievich yog Georgian tshaj tawm, kws sau paj huam, tub huabtais, tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej hauv tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv 1987 nws tau canonized los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau raug hu ua Saint Elijah tus Ncaj Ncees. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Chavchavadze tau suav hais tias yog lub tebchaws nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Georgia. Kab lus no yuav nthuav qhia nws cov keeb kwm luv luv. Yog li cia peb pib.
Ilya Chavchavadze: kev ua nom ua tswv
Tus phab ej ntawm kab lus no tau kawm ua tus kws lij choj ntawm St. Petersburg University. Tab sis vim yog "cov tub ntxhais kawm keeb kwm" xyoo 1861, tus tub hluas yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Thaum ntxov xyoo 1864, Ilya Chavchavadze tau txais txoj haujlwm pabcuam rau tus tswv xeev thiab tau mus ncig ua lag luam mus rau lub xeev Kutaisi. Tus tub huabtais yuav tsum txiav txim siab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov tswv av.
Plaub xyoos tom ntej no, Chavchavadze tau ua tus neeg nruab nrab hauv lub xeev Tiflis. Nws kuj tau ua tus txiav txim hauv lub nroog no txog xyoo 1874. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ilya tau coj lub zej zogKev nthuav qhia kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Georgia. Nyob rau hauv 1906, tus kws sau paj lug tau raug xaiv los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj los ntawm cov nom tswv. Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm nom tswv, nws tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Georgia. Hauv qhov no, ob tus tswv cuab ntawm RSDLP thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tawm tsam tus huab tais.
Murder
Thaum kawg lub Yim Hli 1907, Ilya Chavchavadze, uas nws txoj haujlwm yuav raug piav qhia hauv qab no, tau mus nrog nws tus poj niam Olga. Cov khub niam txiv caij tsheb qhib los ntawm Tbilisi mus rau Saguramo. Nyob ze Tsitsamuri lawv tau nres los ntawm cov neeg laib ntawm Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretin, Ivane Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, Giorgi Khizanishvili). Txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg laib muaj riam phom. Chavchavadze tig mus rau cov neeg laib: "Tsis txhob tua, Kuv yog Ilya." Gigla teb tias: "Yog vim li cas peb raug yuam kom qhib hluav taws." Tom qab ntawd, lub suab nrov nrov.
Vakhtang Giruli hauv nws phau ntawv hais txog kev xav ntawm ib tus kws kho mob loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hu ua Iashvili. Cov tom kawg, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog tus kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob pov thawj, thuam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev tuag. Raws li Iashvili, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm haujlwm tsis yog los ntawm sab xub ntiag, tab sis los ntawm qab. Ntawd yog, hluav taws tau qhib los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb thib ob, uas pawg neeg Berbichashvili tsis paub txog.
Sentence
Cov neeg feem coob ntseeg tias Chavchavadze kev tua neeg tsis tau daws tag nrho. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg Berbichashvili tau pom zoo rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lawv tus kheej riam phom thiab tau hais hauv tsev hais plaub tias "nws raug rho tawm haujlwm." Lawv kuj tsis kam lees muaj tus neeg siv khoom. Tus kws sau paj huam tus poj ntsuam thov lub tsev hais plaub kom cawm tau txoj sia ntawm cov tub sab thiab yog li hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus txiv. Tab sis,los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm "Stolypin Tribunal", tag nrho cov neeg laib (tshwj tsis yog qhov zais Imeretin) raug tua.
Versions
Tam sim no, qee tus kws sau ntawv uas tsis paub txog cov lus Georgian thiab keeb kwm, xav txog cov neeg tua neeg ntawm tus huab tais ntawm Bolsheviks (Lavxias teb sab). Piv txwv li, raws li xibfwb Anna Geifman, Ilya Chavchavadze, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm haiv neeg, tawm tsam Socialist Democrats. Cov tom kawg tau coj los ntawm Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. Nws tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev thuam ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm tus huab tais. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev nom kev tswv ntawm Bolsheviks. Geifman tau suav tias yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tua neeg ntawm Chavchavadze los ua nws qhov chaw loj heev raws li ib tug neeg thiab kws sau ntawv. Anna hloov tag nrho cov no mus rau kev nom kev tswv kev ua ub no ntawm Ilya Grigorievich, ntseeg hais tias nws coj cov neeg pluag mus deb ntawm radical socialism.
Qhov no yeej tsis muaj tseeb. Yog hais tias tus xibfwb tau paub txog keeb kwm ntawm Georgia, nws yuav tsis tau txiav txim siab yuam kev. Ua ntej, cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Chavchavadze, tab sis nws tus nrog sib tw Nikoladze, tau raug hu ua haiv neeg nyob rau hnub ntawd. Qhov thib ob, Socialist-Democrats tsis tau muab faib ua Mensheviks thiab Bolsheviks. Thib peb, tog ntawm Ilya Grigorievich yog marginal thiab tsis yeej qhov kev xaiv tsa.
Muaj lwm yam versions. Piv txwv li, Social Democrats suav hais tias tub ceev xwm zais cia yog tus tsim kev tua neeg. Lub hom phiaj yog kev tawm tsam tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab nws txoj kev tawm tsam kom tshem tawm lub txim tuag.
Creativity
1857 - xyoo no yog lub xyoo uas Ilya Chavchavadze pib tshaj tawm nws tej hauj lwm. Tus kws sau paj huam tau tshwm sim hauv ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm: cov ntawv xov xwm "Droeba", cov ntawv xov xwm "Tsiskari", tsim los ntawm nws "Sakartvelos Moambe", thiab lwm yam. Tab sis cov paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus tub huabtais: "Niam thiab Leej Tub", "Lub Hermit", "Dmitry tus kheej-saving", "Dab", "Ib ntu ntawm lub neej ntawm tub sab". Chavchavadze kuj tau sau cov ntawv tshiab xws li "Ntawm lub Gallows", "Ib Zaj Dab Neeg Christmas", "Ib Zaj Dab Neeg Ntxim", "Cov Ntawv Los Ntawm Tus Neeg Mus Los", "Ib Neeg Beggar's Tale", "Katsia-Adamiani" thiab lwm yam.
Thaum lub neej ntawm Ilya Grigorievich, ob peb ntawm nws cov paj huam tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias. Raws li cov paj huam, cov neeg nyeem Lavxias tsuas tuaj yeem paub nrog Hermit. Los ntawm txoj kev, tag nrho cov ntawm Chavchavadze lub neej cov paj huam, txhais ua Lavxias teb sab, tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tug cais sau. Tshaj tawm los ntawm nws tau luam tawm hauv Vestnik Evropy, Pictorial Review, thiab lwm yam.
Kev txhais lus
Ilya Chavchavadze nws tus kheej txhais Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov thiab Pushkin ua nws hom lus. Nws kuj tau ua qhov no hauv kev koom tes nrog lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Piv txwv li, ua ke nrog Ivan Machabeli nws txhais King Lear rau hauv Georgian.
Pib neeg tiv thaiv
Ilya Chavchavadze yog tus neeg thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tau tiv thaiv cov neeg Armenian kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm Georgia tau ntau xyoo. Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau sim nws tus kheej lub neej rau qhov no. Tab sis tus kws sau paj huam suav hais tias cov neeg Georgians yog ib lub teb chaws proletarian, thiab cov thawj coj los ua tus kiv puag ncig. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Chavchavadze coj lub Tbilisi Land Bank, nws kuj xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej proletarian, hu nkauj lawv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm. Ilya Grigorievich kuj tau tawm tsam Armenian, Ossetian,Russian, Turkish, thiab lwm yam. bourgeoisie. Nyob rau hauv 1902, nws tsab xov xwm "Screaming pob zeb thiab Armenian Scientists" tshwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais. Nws ua suab nrov heev. Hauv qhov no, tsis yog tsuas yog Armenian bourgeoisie xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg sab laug kev ywj pheej tawm tsam tus phab ej ntawm tsab xov xwm no.
Stalin hais txog tus kws sau paj huam
Xyoo 1895-1896, Ilya Chavchavadze, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tau nthuav tawm saum toj no, coj mus rau Iveria magazine. Nyob ntawd nws tau luam tawm xya zaj paj huam los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Soso. Young Stalin sau nyob rau hauv lub npe pseudonym thaum nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub seminary. Creativity Chavchavadze muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau yav tom ntej lub taub hau ntawm USSR. Stalin, nrog qee qhov tshwj xeeb, kuj suav tias nws cov neeg yog ib lub teb chaws proletarian. Thiab nws txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib zog ntawm cov chav kawm tawm tsam nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua txuas ntxiv mus rau txhua tus tsuas yog Georgians. Muab kev xam phaj rau tus thawj coj ua yeeb yaj kiab Mikhail Chaurelia, Iosif Vissarionovich hu ua Chavchavadze yog ib tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum tig ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum cuaj thiab nees nkaum.
Memory
- Nyob hauv USSR, Batumi State Drama Theatre tau sau lub npe ntawm tus phab ej ntawm tsab xov xwm no.
- Daim duab ntawm Ilya Grigorievich muab tso rau ntawm 20 lari (Georgian banknote).
- Xyoo 1958, lub chaw xa ntawv tau muab lub cim rau Chavchavadze.
- Tus kws sau paj huam tau muab rau University of Culture thiab Western European Languages.
- Memorial tsev cia puav pheej ntawm publicist tau qhib nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kvareli (1937), nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Ilya Grigorievich hu ua Saguramo (1951) thiab nyob rau hauv Tbilisi (1957).
