Tus sau Mikhail Veller: biography, koj tus kheej lub neej, tsev neeg thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

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Tus sau Mikhail Veller: biography, koj tus kheej lub neej, tsev neeg thiab nthuav qhov tseeb
Tus sau Mikhail Veller: biography, koj tus kheej lub neej, tsev neeg thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

Video: Tus sau Mikhail Veller: biography, koj tus kheej lub neej, tsev neeg thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

Video: Tus sau Mikhail Veller: biography, koj tus kheej lub neej, tsev neeg thiab nthuav qhov tseeb
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Anonim

Tam sim no Mikhail Veller yog tus neeg koom nrog kev sib cav hauv TV. Qee lub sij hawm nws tsis muaj peev xwm tuav tau nws txoj kev xav. Tab sis tseem, nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias yog ib tug fashionable thiab iconic sau ntawv. Nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws sau phau ntawv loj. Thaum nws tseem hluas, nws tau ntsib kev nqhis dej rau kev taug txuj kev nyuaj. Qhov tseeb tiag, nws yeej tseem nyob li ntawd … Cov ntawv keeb kwm ntawm M. I. Weller yuav qhia rau cov neeg nyeem hauv kab lus.

Tus kws sau ntawv yawg koob tau ua haujlwm rau Frederick the Great

Cov keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Weller (uas yog haiv neeg - peb yuav tham tom qab) tau pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1948 hauv nroog Kamenetz-Podolsky, hauv Western Ukraine. Nws loj hlob hauv tsev neeg kho mob Yudais. Thaum pib, tus kws sau ntawv txiv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab paub tias ib tug ntawm nws cov poj koob yawm txwv tau tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub banner ntawm Frederick lub Great. Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, kuv txiv tau nkag mus rau hauv tub rog kev kawm kho mob thiab, tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, tau los ua tub rog kws kho mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau tsiv ntawm qhov chaw mus rauchaw thiab hloov chaw nyob.

Tus niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv Western Ukraine, qhov chaw nws tsev neeg nyob rau hnub ntawd. Nws yawg kuj yog kws kho mob. Niam ua raws li nws yawg koob, thiab nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kho mob hauv Chernivtsi.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Weller muab qhov tseeb li no. Haiv neeg ntawm tus neeg no provokes ntau controversy. Coob leej ntseeg tias nws yog neeg Yudais. Tab sis leej twg tau kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Weller kom nthuav dav ntxiv, ib haiv neeg txawv kiag li raug ntaus nqi rau nws - Lavxias. Nws nyuaj heev los teb cov lus nug no tsis meej.

Michael Weller thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej
Michael Weller thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej

thawj zaj paj huam

Me Me Misha tsuas yog ob xyoos thaum nws txiv raug xa mus rau Trans-Baikal Territory. Tau kawg, tsev neeg nrog nws mus. Los ntawm thiab loj, Mikhail hloov ntau dua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv vim nws txiv txoj haujlwm. Nws taug kev nrog nws niam nws txiv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub garrions ntawm Siberia thiab Far East.

Nws loj hlob zoo li ib tug tub hluas Soviet. Thawj txoj haujlwm uas nws nyeem ntawm nws tus kheej yog Gaidar's Malchish-Kibalchish. Tom qab ntawd tuaj txog ntawm Jules Verne thiab HG Wells. Thiab me ntsis tom qab, nws pib nyeem phau ntawv los ntawm Jack London.

Thaum Misha kawm qib 5, nws paub tias nws xav sau. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov so, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm - los sau paj huam txog lub caij ntuj no. Raws li Weller's memoirs, nws tau sau ib qho kev ua paj huam tsis zoo. Tab sis, raws li nws tau muab tawm, kev tsim ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm txawm phem dua. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Misha tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li nws hais, qhov kev tshwm sim no tau tshoov nws lub tswv yim tshiab.

Nyob hauv cov lauscov chav kawm, tsev neeg Weller tsiv mus rau Mogilev, hauv Belarus. Thaum ntawd nws thiaj paub tias nws xav tsim tiag tiag.

Nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog ib qho khoom plig kub hauv xyoo 1964 thiab nkag mus rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Leningrad.

weller michael biography haiv neeg
weller michael biography haiv neeg

Nyob hauv phab ntsa ntawm tsev kawm ntawv

Los txog hauv Leningrad, cov tub ntxhais hluas Weller pib nrog nws yawg tsev neeg. Nws yog ib tug kws kho tsiaj thiab ua haujlwm hauv ib lub koom haum.

Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Mikhail tam sim ntawd koom nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm lub neej. Weller muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo thiab cov koom haum zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau los ua tus tswj hwm Komsomol tsis yog xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Komsomol bureau ntawm tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Tseeb tiag, nyob rau hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws muaj peev xwm kawm tau ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Raws li nws, nws xav nyob rau hauv lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws manifestations. Yog li ntawd, tus tub kawm Weller tau tso nws txoj kev kawm thiab mus taug txuj kev nyuaj.

Weller Mikhail
Weller Mikhail

Thirst for adventure

Lub neej ntawm Mikhail Iosifovich Weller yeej tsis tau dhuav thiab monotonous. Nyob rau hauv 1969, nws bet tias nws yuav tau mus rau Kamchatka nrog ib tug "hare". Tau kawg, tsis muaj nyiaj npib hauv koj lub hnab ris. Nws hla tag nrho lub tebchaws thiab yog li thawj koom ruam yeej.

Xyoo tom ntej, nws tau txiav txim siab ua nws txoj haujlwm so haujlwm. Thaum nws ua li no, nws mus rau Central Asia, qhov chaw nws taug kev mus txog lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Tom qab ntawd, tus tub ntxhais hluas taug kev mus rau Kaliningrad. Nws nyob ntawm no tias nws tau tswj kom ua tiav cov neeg caij nkoj cov kev kawm raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj li mus thawj zaug hauv hiav txwv ntawm lub nkoj nuv ntses.

Yav Tom Ntejtus kws sau ntawv tau mus ncig ntawm Soviet Union rau nws lub siab lub ntsiab lus thiab tau txais kev tshoov siab tshiab. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1971, nws tau rov qab los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Philology. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub sijhawm no nws zaj dab neeg tau muab tso rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv xov xwm phab ntsa.

Tam sim no nws ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj tho kev loj hauv ib lub tsev kawm St. Petersburg.

Tsis ntev, Weller muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv nws txoj kev kawm tiav thiab, dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij kws tshaj lij, tawm mus rau kev lom zem tshiab.

kws sau ntawv Michael Weller biography phau ntawv
kws sau ntawv Michael Weller biography phau ntawv

Nrhiav koj tus kheej

Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv theem siab Weller yuav tsum tau koom nrog pab tub rog. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws tsuas ua haujlwm rau lub hlis xwb. Tom qab ntawd nws raug txib.

Nyob hauv "neeg pej xeem" nws pib ua hauj lwm hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog. Nws qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawv thiab Lavxias. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm pab pawg neeg txuas ntxiv hnub. Nws ua hauj lwm hauv lub zos tau ib xyoos, tom qab ntawd nws txiav txim siab tawm.

Feem ntau, hauv nws lub neej nws hloov txog 30 txoj haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm pob zeb nyob rau sab qaum teb lub nroog. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, nws tuaj txog Tersky ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb thiab Kola Peninsula, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ua ib tug neeg poob thiab khawb. Hauv Mongolia, nws tsav nyuj. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li nws cov memoirs, nws yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws lub neej.

pib ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm

Thaum Weller rov qab los rau Leningrad, nws npaj siab hloov mus rau kev sau ntawv. Raws li tau hais los saum no, nws tau luam tawm thawj zaj dab neeg hauv tsev kawm ntawv phab ntsa ntawv xov xwm. Thiab txij thaum ntawd los, ib tug cwj mem thiab phau ntawv tau dhau los ua nws tus khub tas mus li.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj haujlwm thaum ntxov tau raug lees paub los ntawm txhua tustsab.

Thiab tib lub sijhawm, Weller tau koom nrog kev sib tham ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas St. Petersburg cov kws sau ntawv tseeb. Lawv tau coj los ntawm lub ci ntsa iab Boris Strugatsky. Mikhail sau ib zaj dab neeg hu ua "Lub Khawm". Thiab qhov opus no yeej thawj qhov khoom plig hauv qhov kev sib tw no.

Hmoov tsis zoo, lub tsev tshaj tawm Leningrad tsis tau them nyiaj rau qhov kev yeej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hluas thiab txuas ntxiv tsis quav ntsej nws. Qhov tseeb, nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws txoj kev ua neej. Thiab qhov kev xav tau ua rau nws mus ua lwm yam haujlwm ntxiv. Yog li, nws tau ua cov ntawv sau ua tub rog ntawm ib lub tsev tshaj tawm. Nws kuj tau pib sau ntawv tshuaj xyuas rau Neva magazine uas paub zoo.

Xyoo 1978, Weller tau tswj hwm nws cov dab neeg luv luv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv Leningrad. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej no tsis haum nws kiag li…

Michael Weller thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej
Michael Weller thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej

In Tallinn

Weller txiav txim siab tawm txhua yam - nws tawm hauv nroog, phooj ywg, poj niam, tsev neeg. Qhov tseeb, nws nyob hauv kev txom nyem, thiab sib nrug ntawm kev sau ntawv, tsis ua dab tsi. Nws xaus rau hauv Tallinn. Tsuas muaj ib qho laj thawj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab no - nws xav tso nws phau ntawv.

Xyoo 1979, nws tau txais txoj haujlwm hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm Republican. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws tau tawm ntawm cov tub luam ntawv xov xwm kom koom nrog "kev lag luam pab pawg" ntawm Estonian Writers' Union. Nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm xws li "Tallinn", "Ural" thiab "Literary Armenia". Thiab xyoo 1981, nws tau sau ib zaj dab neeg hu ua "Reference Line". Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, nws tau tswj hwm thawj zaug los ua lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub tswv yim. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav rov qab mus rau qhov no me ntsis tom qab.

Thawjsuccess

Nyob rau xyoo 1983, muaj tswv yim biography ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Mikhail Veller pib. Phau ntawv "Kuv xav ua tus saib xyuas" yog nws thawj zaug ntawm ntau phau ntawv muaj hnub no. Nws yog ib phau ntawm cov dab neeg. Kev tshaj tawm tau nrov. Cov cai rau phau ntawv no txawm raug muag rau lub tsev tshaj tawm sab hnub poob. Yog li ntawd, ib xyoos tom qab ntawd Weller phau ntawv sau tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug xov tooj ntawm tus kheej zaj dab neeg ntawm tus sau tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws xws li Fabkis, Poland, Bulgaria, Ltalis thiab Holland.

Lub sijhawm no, B. Strugatsky thiab B. Okudzhava tau muab nws cov lus pom zoo kom nws tuaj yeem koom nrog Union of Writers ntawm Soviet Union. Txawm hais tias kev ntsuam xyuas zoo ntawm Weller txoj haujlwm, nws tsis raug lees txais rau hauv lub koom haum. Nws tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm Union tom qab tsib xyoos. Qhov laj thawj tam sim ntawd yog qhov luam tawm ntawm phau ntawv thib ob ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Nws hu ua "Txhua Yam Txog Lub Neej".

Tom qab ntawd, Weller tus kws sau ntawv prose txoj haujlwm tau pib ua kom muaj zog nrog kev txaus siab.

Lub neej ntawm Mikhail Iosifovich Weller
Lub neej ntawm Mikhail Iosifovich Weller

Triumph

Xyoo 1988, Weller tau luam tawm zaj dab neeg "Cov Testers of Happiness", ces - "Heartbreaker". Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, tus kws sau ntawv yog tus saib xyuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv department ntawm Lavxias teb sab-lus tshaj tawm Raduga nyob rau hauv Tallinn.

Ob xyoos tom qab, txoj haujlwm "Rendezvous with a Celebrity" tau luam tawm. Thiab raws li kev ua haujlwm "Tab sis cov shish", ib qho yeeb yaj kiab tseem raug tua. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws kuj nrhiav tau thawj cov neeg Yudais kab lis kev cai magazine nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, Jericho. Tau kawg, nws tau los ua tus editor-in-chief.

Ib me ntsis tom qab, nws pib qhia txog Lavxias teb sab prose ntawm kev kawm qib siabTsev noj mov hauv Turin thiab Milan.

Tom qab ntawd, ib qho tshiab txog kev lom zem ntawm Major Zvyagin tau luam tawm, uas tau nrov heev.

Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, muaj ib phau ntawv dab neeg luv luv tshwm sim. Nws hu ua "Cov Lus dab neeg ntawm Nevsky Prospekt". Phau ntawv tseem nyob hauv qhov kev thov tsis tau muaj dua.

Nyob rau nruab nrab-90s, ib txoj haujlwm tshiab tau tshwm sim. Peb tab tom tham txog qhov tshiab "Samovar". Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv tau mus ncig rau Tebchaws Meskas. Nws hais rau cov nyeem hauv New York, Boston, Cleveland thiab Chicago.

Thiab xyoo 1998 cov haujlwm loj "Txhua Lub Neej" tau luam tawm. Nws nyob ntawd tias Weller tham txog nws txoj kev xav ntawm "zog evolutionism".

Weller's philosophical theory

Los ntawm qhov loj, qhov kev xav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau tsim tawm hauv ntau ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Tab sis tsuas yog dhau sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm nthuav dav nws cov postulates rau hauv ib txoj kev xav, uas nws hu ua "zog evolutionism."

Nws tau kos rau ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Tab sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, rau tej hauj lwm ntawm A. Schopenhauer, G. Spencer, W. Ostwald thiab L. White.

Tsis yog txhua tus tau txais qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv Weller qhov kev hloov pauv muaj tswv yim. Ib tug ntawm cov naas ej philosophers thuam nws rau dilettantism nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub tswv yim. Nws qhia nws txoj kev xav li "kev sib xyaw ntawm platitudes". Lwm tus ntseeg tias txoj haujlwm no, qhov tseeb, yog ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov kev xav qub thiab kev ntseeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev txawj ntse.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo sib txawv Weller tau qhia ua tiav, qhia txog lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub zog evolutionism. Yog li, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau mloog zoo siab rau nws ntawm Moscow State University, MGIMO thiab ntawm University of Jerusalem.

Thiab hauv lub nroog Greek, nws feem ntau hais nrog qhov sib xwsqhia. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm International Philosophical Forum. Tom qab ntawd nws txoj haujlwm tau txais khoom plig muaj koob npe.

Mikhail Veller biography uas yog haiv neeg
Mikhail Veller biography uas yog haiv neeg

Politician

Txij li xyoo 2011, tus kws sau ntawv Mikhail Veller, uas nws txoj haujlwm tau hlub los ntawm ntau tus, tau nyiam ua nom ua tswv. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib zaug nws tau hu kom pov npav rau Pawg Neeg Communist. Nws paub tseeb tias Pawg Neeg Communist ntawm Lavxias Federation yog tib lub koom haum nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov oligarchs. Nco ntsoov tias nws pheej yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws qhov kev xav. Lawv tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev sib cav hauv TV thiab kev hais lus nom tswv. Muaj tseeb, qee zaum vim yog kev xav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus kws tshaj lij, cov kev tua no tau xaus rau hauv kev thuam. Yog li ntawd, thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 2017, nyob rau saum huab cua ntawm TVC channel, nws tau npau taws los ntawm cov lus iab liam ntawm kev dag tawm tsam nws. Ces nws tso ib lub khob rau ntawm tus thawj coj. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim ib hlis tom qab. Hnub ntawd, Weller nyob ntawm Ekho Moskvy xov tooj cua. Nws piav nws tus cwj pwm. Raws li nws hais, tus tshaj tawm yog qhov tsis muaj kev tshaj lij thiab cuam tshuam nws tas li.

Lub sijhawm xyoo txhiab xyoo tshiab

Nyob rau xyoo 2000, Weller tau faib txoj hauv kev nrog Tallinn thiab tsiv mus rau Lavxias lub peev.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm tshiab - "Tus Neeg xa xov liaison ntawm Pisa".

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 2008, cov tub ceev xwm Estonian tau muab nws qhov Order of the White Star.

Me ntsis tom qab, cov phau ntawv tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm lub rhawv ntawm cov khw muag ntawv. Cov no yog "Cov Lus dab neeg ntawm Arbat" thiab "Kev Hlub thiab Kev Mob Siab".

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Weller tau sau yuav luag 50 yam kev sau ntawv. Ib txhia twb muab txhais ua ntau yam lus lawm.

poRaws li tus sau, nws cov nyiaj khwv tau los tseem ceeb yog cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tseem raug luam tawm dua, thiab nws nyob ntawm kev muaj koob muaj npe. Nws ntseeg tias tsis tas yuav tsum sau ntau. Tab sis kev sau ntawv yuav tsum zoo heev.

Raws li rau nws tus kheej lub neej, Mikhail Weller phau ntawv keeb kwm tsis suav nrog ntau qhov tseeb. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis nyiam nthuav cov ntsiab lus no. Nws paub tias nws tau sib yuav xyoo 1986. Anna Agriomati, kawm tiav ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Journalism ntawm Moscow State University, tau los ua nws ib tug xaiv. Ib xyoos tom qab, tus tshiab nkauj muam nraug nus muaj ib tug ntxhais, Valya…

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