Gorky Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow: chaw nyob, nthuav kev mus ncig, qhov tseeb txawv txawv, txheej xwm, piav qhia, duab, tshuaj xyuas thiab lus qhia los ntawm cov ne

Cov txheej txheem:

Gorky Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow: chaw nyob, nthuav kev mus ncig, qhov tseeb txawv txawv, txheej xwm, piav qhia, duab, tshuaj xyuas thiab lus qhia los ntawm cov ne
Gorky Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow: chaw nyob, nthuav kev mus ncig, qhov tseeb txawv txawv, txheej xwm, piav qhia, duab, tshuaj xyuas thiab lus qhia los ntawm cov ne

Video: Gorky Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow: chaw nyob, nthuav kev mus ncig, qhov tseeb txawv txawv, txheej xwm, piav qhia, duab, tshuaj xyuas thiab lus qhia los ntawm cov ne

Video: Gorky Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow: chaw nyob, nthuav kev mus ncig, qhov tseeb txawv txawv, txheej xwm, piav qhia, duab, tshuaj xyuas thiab lus qhia los ntawm cov ne
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Muaj pes tsawg qhov chaw koj paub qhov twg koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tau kawm txog kev sau ntawv, tab sis kuj xav txog qhov muaj tswv yim zoo uas tsim cov haujlwm zoo ntawm Maxim Gorky: "Ntawm hauv qab", " Niam" thiab ntau lwm tus, tsis muaj tsawg dua tej hauj lwm zoo? Koj puas xav pom thiab hnov cov huab cua uas Maxim Gorky sau nws tej hauj lwm?

Legendary Maxim Gorky

Maksim Gorky
Maksim Gorky

Peb paub dab tsi txog tus tswv tsev? Niaj hnub no, Gorky Tsev khaws puav pheej-tsev nyob hauv Moscow yog nyob rau ntawm Malaya Nikitskaya Street thiab tau mob siab rau kev nco txog Maxim Gorky. Wb tham ntxiv txog tus neeg sau ntawv.

Lub npe tiag tiag yog Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov, peb txhua tus paub nws nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim pseudonym Maxim Gorky. Tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv nroog Kanavino, Nizhny Novgorod xeev, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 28, 1868, hauv tsev neeg ntawm nkoj tsim khoom. Alexei Peshkov txiv thiab niam tuag thaum ntxov, tom qab ntawd Alexei tsiv mus nyob nrog nws yawg. Txij thaum yau, me me Alexei yuav tsum mus ua haujlwm, uas yog vim li casnws tsis tau txais kev kawm ntawv zoo. Kazan University, qhov chaw uas nws xav nkag, tsis coj nws yam tsis muaj kev kawm thawj zaug thiab tsis muaj nyiaj ntau, uas nws tsis muaj.

Tom qab ntawd, Maxim Gorky raug coj mus los ntawm kev hloov siab lees txim thiab koom nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas hloov siab lees txim. Tab sis nws txoj kev mob siab tshiab ua rau nws raug ntes. Tom qab ib tug luv luv raug ntes rau koom nrog ib tug revolutionary voj voog, Gorky mus rau lub Caucasus. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nws nyob, tus kws sau ntawv tau txais kev kawm tus kheej. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Gorky rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws thiab pib nws lub neej muaj tswv yim nrog zaj dab neeg "Makar Chudra". Zaj dab neeg tau tshaj tawm ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm tus neeg sau xov xwm paub. Alexey Peshkov luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe pseudonym Maxim Gorky.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub npe pseudonym los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv uas tau cog lus tias yuav sau qhov tseeb nkaus xwb yam tsis muaj kev kos duab, txawm tias nws muaj "qab zib qab". Yog li pib lub neej nyuaj ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.

Tom qab ib ntus, vim yog kev ua nom ua tswv, Gorky tau tsiv mus txawv tebchaws xyoo 1906. Maxim nyob tau txog xya xyoo hauv Capri. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog mus txawv tebchaws. Yog li, tom qab ib ntus, Maxim Gorky, vim kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, tawm hauv Russia dua xyoo 1921. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1932 nws txiav txim siab rov qab mus tas li rov qab mus rau nws lub teb chaws, nws yog lub sij hawm uas txwv tsis pub tawm ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Yog li, tom qab qhov kawg rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws, Gorky tau muab los ntawm tsoomfwv nrog lub tsev loj rau qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag xyoo 1936.

History of Gorky's mansion (museum-apartment)

Lub tsev loj, uas tam sim no nyob hauv Gorky Tsev khaws puav pheej-Chav tsev nyob hauv Moscow, pib nws keeb kwm hauv xyoo 1902 nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Lavxias tus kws kos duab Fyodor Shekhtel. Nws tau tsim los ntawm ib tug txiv neej nplua nuj - Ryabushinsky S. P. Tsev neeg Ryabushinsky nyob hauv lub tsev no kom txog rau thaum 1917, txog thaum lawv tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Tom qab kev tawm mus ntawm cov tswv tseem ceeb, lub tsev loj tau dhau mus rau hauv kev tswj hwm hauv nroog, uas tom qab ntawd tau tsim lub tsev tshaj tawm, All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, lub koom haum psychoanalytic thiab kindergarten. Nyob rau hauv 1932, Maxim Gorky tsev neeg tsiv mus rau lub tsev loj ntawm S. P. Ryabushinsky. Lub tsev tau muab faib ua vaj tse nyob ruaj khov.

Tom qab tus kws sau ntawv tuag, Maxim Gorky tus poj niam, Nadezhda Alekseevna Peshkova, tseem nyob hauv lub tsev loj. Txij li thaum 1945, Nadezhda Alekseevna, tus poj niam ntawm Maxim Gorky, pib tsim ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tsev loj uas nws nyob. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsim los ntawm kev pub dawb thiab tau qhib rau xyoo 1965.

Chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej-chav tsev

Image
Image

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Gorky Memorial hauv Moscow nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob: Malaya Nikitskaya Street, 6/2. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tuaj yeem ncav cuag los ntawm metro thiab tawm ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb: Arbatskaya, Barrikadnaya, Pushkinskaya, Chekhovskaya thiab Tverskaya.

Tsev khaws puav pheej qhib sijhawm

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Gorky Memorial hauv Moscow qhib txij hnub Wednesday txog hnub Sunday. Sijhawm qhib: txij 11:00 teev sawv ntxov txog 17:30 teev tsaus ntuj. Hnub Monday thiab Tuesday yog hnub so. Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm Gorky Tsev Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow tau tsim ua raws li European cov qauv nrog kev tsom mus rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Ntxhais mus ncig ua si

Ntau qhov kev mus ncig ua si nyob rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej-chav tsev ntawm A. M. Gorky hauv Moscow. Cov ncauj lus ntawm kev mus ncig ua si feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog:

  • kev tsim tawm ntawm Maxim Gorky;
  • tsev architecture;
  • keeb kwm tsev;
  • keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm.

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev tau rov qab los ntawm peb caug xyoo pua nees nkaum. Cov huab cua yog rov tsim dua tshiab los ntawm lub sijhawm Maxim Gorky.

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej-chav tsev

Chav tsev ntawm Gorky tsev loj
Chav tsev ntawm Gorky tsev loj

Koj tuaj yeem tham ntau npaum li koj nyiam txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev loj kom txog thaum koj paub qhov tseeb nthuav txog Maxim Gorky Tsev khaws puav pheej-tsev thiab keeb kwm:

muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv loj ntawm Maxim Gorky hauv tsev;

Chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Maxim Gorky
Chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Maxim Gorky
  • tag nrho cov lus nthuav tawm tau rov qab los txij li lub sijhawm Maxim Gorky hauv peb caug xyoo pua nees nkaum, txog rau qhov tseeb tias cov rooj tog tau rov qab los;
  • thaum yav tsaus ntuj lossis huab cua huab cua, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov qauv hauv lub tsev teev ntuj tawg lub teeb, txhua yam zoo li tsis meej;
  • interestingly, Maxim Gorky nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb, thiab nws tsev neeg cais los ntawm nws thib ob;
  • muab keeb kwm yav dhau los pom tias tus kws sau ntawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv tsis tso cai rau nws nce tus ntaiv mus rau pem teb thib ob, yog li nws nyob hauv thawj pem teb;
  • kev tsim lub tsev loj pib xyoo 1900, thaum tus tub hluas millionaire Ryabushinsky S. P. tsuas yog 26 xyoo;
  • lub tsev loj muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj qub txeeg qub teg, uas nyob hauv qab nthab ntawm mansard;
  • nomuaj qhov tshwj xeeb stained-iav qhov rais, parquet ua los ntawm ntoo kim, pleev xim rau qab nthab, zoo nkauj chandeliers thiab stucco.
  • Stained iav qhov rais hauv Gorky tsev loj
    Stained iav qhov rais hauv Gorky tsev loj

txheej xwm tseem ceeb

Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm xyoo pua 20th txuas nrog lub neej ntawm Maxim Gorky. Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Gorky lub tsev nyob hauv Moscow tau suav tias yog qhov chaw ntawm kab lis kev cai, qhov chaw sau ntawv yav tsaus ntuj, uas tam sim no tuaj yeem muab piv rau cov koom haum sau ntawv.

Nyob hauv tsev no, tus tub ntawm Maxim Gorky tuag vim mob ntsws - nws yog qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv tus sau lub neej. Nws nyob hauv lub tsev no uas Maxim Gorky tau npaj rau All-Union Congress of Writers, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm pawg tswj hwm.

Nyob hauv chav tsev Gorky hauv Moscow, cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim xws li "Lub Neej ntawm Klim Samgin", "Egor Bulychev" thiab lwm tus tau yug los.

Hauv tsev no muaj kev sib ntsib ntawm Maxim Gorky thiab Bernard Shaw, nrog rau lwm tus neeg zoo sib xws.

Kev piav qhia ntawm tsev cia puav pheej

Lub tsev loj tau tsim hauv Art Nouveau style. Lub architecture zoo kawg nkaus ua ke cov ntsiab lus ntawm Gothic, Moorish style thiab Japanese qauv. Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog ntsib nrog lub teeb ci ci. Floral motifs feem ntau pom.

Paj motifs
Paj motifs

Lub ntsiab lus zais ntawm lub tsev tsim vaj tsev yog lub hauv paus zais cia, tus neeg tsis paub yuav tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub tsev.

Expositions of the museum-apartment

Tam sim no, nkag mus rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej nyob qhov twg rov qab tawm mus rau Spiridonovka Street. Lub ntsiab nkag yog kaw. Thaum nkag mus rau lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Maxim Gorky nyob rau hauv Moscow, koj hla mus rau hauv lub tsev nrog stairsyoj mus rau pem teb ob.

yoj ntaiv
yoj ntaiv

Txhua yam nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb muaj lub ntsiab lus nautical, txawm lub jellyfish chandelier nrog ib tug vaub kib ntxoov.

Qhov rooj tuav yog ua los ntawm cov seahorses. Lub tsev loj muaj cov chav hauv qab no:

  • chav lis dej num tag nrho los ntawm 30s;
  • chav pw, qhov twg muaj lub thawv ntawv rau yav tsaus ntuj nyeem ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, vim qhov tseeb tias tus kws sau ntawv nyob hauv ltalis tau ntev, cov duab kos duab piav qhia txog ntug hiav txwv dej ntawm qhov chaw uas Maxim Gorky nyob tau ntxiv rau sab hauv.;
  • kev kawm yog tib qhov chaw uas txhua yam tau muab rau tus saj ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, Maxim Gorky nyiam oriental motifs, lawv yeej chav;
  • lub tsev qiv ntawv suav tias yog chav txawv txawv tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov duab ntawm lub vaj nrog lub pas dej;
  • lub tsev noj mov sib sau tsis yog tsev neeg xwb, tab sis kuj nrog cov npoj yaig, cov phooj ywg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.

Lub tsev thib ob muaj cov chav uas Maxim Gorky nyob nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus ntxhais. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov chav no uas tej hauj lwm ntawm nws nyiam artist Mikhail Nesterov yog nthuav tawm: "Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Volga" thiab "Tus Ntxhais Mob".

Pib ntawm tus ntaiv
Pib ntawm tus ntaiv

Lub tsev thib peb muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj qub, nws tau npaj los qhib lub tuam tsev kho dua tshiab nyob ntawd.

Visitor reviews

Txhua tus uas tau mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej hais txog nws nrog cov lus sov so. Cov neeg xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lub tsev. Ib tug neeg sau tseg tias nws yog qhov txawv txav uas txhua tus neeg tuaj xyuas hauv tsev cia puav pheej cim lawv tus kheej hauv phau ntawv qhua tshwj xeeb, uas thaum kawg tau hloov mus rau hauv phau ntawv loj loj uas tsis txaus ntseeg.

Ntau tus neeg nco txog qhov txawv txav ntawm lub tsev loj, kev ntseeg tau nthuav tawm lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Maxim Gorky thiab cov cua muaj tswv yim tsim thaum lub neej ntawm tus sau cov haujlwm zoo.

Tom qab tau mus xyuas qhov nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-chav tsev ntawm AM Gorky, ntau tus tau sau tseg qhov txawv txav ntawm kev xyiv fab thiab zoo hauv lub tsev loj no. Kuj tseem muaj kev txheeb xyuas tias nws yog qhov txawv txav mus rau qhov chaw uas tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm, qhov chaw muaj tswv yim lub neej nyob rau hauv Soviet Union tau hloov ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag. Ntau tus, tau kawm paub tias cov kws sau ntawv, uas peb paub tias yog lub siab zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tau sib sau ua ke hauv lub tsev loj no, zoo siab heev thiab zoo siab tias lawv tau mus ncig ua si hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej no.

Npaj rau cov qhua

Tom qab tau mus ncig ua si hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej-Chav Tsev ntawm Maxim Gorky hauv Moscow, ntau tus tsis tsuas yog tshuaj xyuas xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov lus pom zoo hauv daim ntawv qhia rau cov neeg tuaj saib yav tom ntej. Feem ntau lawv hais tias tom qab kev ncig xyuas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tawm hauv chav tsev-tsev cia puav pheej sai, koj yuav tsum nres hauv lub tshav puam thiab zaum ntawm ib lub rooj zaum hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev thiab txaus siab rau qhov pom sab nraud ntawm lub tsev nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov ntoo. nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Lawv kuj pom zoo kom mus los ntawm ntau tshaj ib qho kev mus ncig hauv lub tsev loj no, nws tsim nyog mus saib ntau yam kev nthuav qhia txhawm rau kawm thiab nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd kom tob, xav txog dab tsi coj nws thaum sau tus masterpiece tom ntej.

Txhawm rau nthuav koj lub qab ntug thiab kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv lawv lub neej, saib cov huab cua uas lawv tau ua haujlwm thiab tsim. Xav txog lub zog uas kis thoob plaws txhua chav uas tus kws sau ntawv nyob. Maksim Gorky -ib tug kws sau ntawv uas tau ua ib lub kiv puag ncig hauv ntiaj teb kev sau ntawv ntawm Soviet Union. Qhov chaw uas nws nyob nws xyoo tas los tau txhawb nqa thiab ua kom nws muaj peev xwm sau nws tej hauj lwm mus txog hnub kawg, nws khaws cia thiab muab kev nplij siab thiab kev sov siab rau tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo.

Pom zoo: