Tus Sau Marietta Shahinyan: biography, creativity, nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

tus kws sau ntawv Soviet Marietta Shaginyan yog suav tias yog ib tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm Lavxias thawj zaug ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Cov kws sau ntawv xov xwm thiab kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tshaj tawm, tus poj niam no tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab kev txawj enviable. Nws yog Marietta Shaginyan, uas nws cov paj huam tau nrov heev thaum nws lub neej, uas, raws li cov neeg thuam, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Lavxias-Soviet paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua cuaj thiab thaum ntxov nees nkaum xyoo pua.

Kev paub txog tus kheej ua tus kws sau ntawv thiab kos duab los ntawm tus neeg los ntawm xwm. Thiab thaum lub peev xwm thiab nqhis dej rau lub neej, kev ntshaw rau kev paub thiab kev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ua ke hauv ib tus neeg, ces tus neeg no nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo li Marietta Shahinyan.

Biography

Tus sau yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv Moscow, hauv tsev neeg ntawm Armenian cov neeg txawj ntse thaum Lub Peb Hlis 21, 1888. Nws txiv, Sergei Davydovich, yog tus kheejAssistant xibfwb ntawm Moscow State University. Marietta Shaginyan tau txais kev kawm tiav. Thaum xub thawj nws kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Rzhev gymnasium. Txij xyoo 1906, nws pib tshaj tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1912, Marietta kawm tiav los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Philosophy ntawm Higher Women's Courses ntawm V. I. Guerrier. Nws mus rau St. Petersburg. Nws nyob ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Neva, uas yav tom ntej kws sau ntawv thiab publicist ntsib thiab tom qab ntawd los ua ze rau xws li luminaries li Z. N. Gippius thiab DS Merezhkovsky.

Los ntawm 1912 txog 1914, tus ntxhais kawm txog kev xav hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm University of Heidelberg hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov paj huam ntawm Goethe muaj zog heev rau kev tsim nws txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1913, thawj sau tau luam tawm, tus sau uas yog Shaginyan Marietta Sergeevna, uas yog ces tsis paub rau leej twg. Paj huam Orientalia, qhov tseeb, ua rau nws nto moo.

Los ntawm 1915 txog 1919 Marietta Shaginyan nyob hauv Rostov-on-Don. Ntawm no nws ua haujlwm ua tus sau xov xwm rau ntau lub xov xwm ib zaug, xws li Trudovaya Rech, Priazovsky Krai, Craft Voice, Dub Hiav Txwv Coast, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau ntawv qhia txog kev zoo nkauj thiab kos duab keeb kwm ntawm Rostov Conservatory.

After 1918

Marietta Shaginyan zoo siab txais tos lub kiv puag ncig. Tom qab ntawd nws hais tias rau nws qhov no yog ib qho kev tshwm sim uas muaj "Christian-mystical cim." Nyob rau hauv 1919, nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug kws qhia rau Donnarbraz, thiab ces nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv weaving. Nyob rau hauv 1920, Shaginyan tsiv mus rau Petrograd, qhov twg rau peb lub xyoos nws koom tes nrog cov ntawv xov xwm Izvestia ntawm lub Petrograd Soviet, mus txog rau 1948 nws.yog tus neeg sau xov xwm tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv xov xwm Pravda thiab Izvestia. Xyoo 1927, Marietta Shaginyan tau tsiv mus rau nws lub tebchaws keeb kwm - Armenia, tab sis rov qab mus rau Moscow hauv 1931.

Nyob rau hauv peb caug nws kawm tiav los ntawm Planning Academy ntawm lub Xeev Planning Commission. Shaginyan siv xyoo ua tsov ua rog hauv Urals. Los ntawm no nws sau ntawv rau Pravda ntawv xov xwm. Xyoo 1934, Thawj Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Soviet Sau ntawv tau tuav, qhov chaw Marietta Shaginyan tau raug xaiv los ua tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj.

Creativity

Kev nyiam sau ntawv ntawm tus poj niam txawj ntse no tau npog ntau yam hauv lub neej. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob los ntawm scientific monographs mob siab rau Goethe, Taras Shevchenko, Joseph Myslivechek. Nws yog Shaginyan uas yog tus sau ntawm thawj Soviet detective tshiab "Mess Mend". Nws kuj yog ib tug neeg sau xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv Soviet. Muaj ntau cov ntawv teeb meem thiab cov ntawv sau rau nws tus cwj mem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Shaginyan pom kev sau xov xwm tsis yog ntau thiab tsis yog tsuas yog txhais tau tias kom tau nyiaj, tab sis yog lub sijhawm los kawm ncaj qha rau lub neej.

Nyob hauv nws phau ntawv hu ua "Journey to Weimar", thawj zaug, qhov peculiarities ntawm nws prose style tau pom meej meej. Cov neeg thuam ntseeg tias nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm no uas ib tus tuaj yeem pom tus kws sau ntawv lub peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws los nthuav tawm tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg thiab nws txoj kev sib txuas nrog lub sijhawm los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm txhua hnub cov ntsiab lus. "Journey to Weimar" yog thawj txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv no hauv daim ntawv sau txog kev mus ncig - hauv ib hom ntawv uas Marietta Shaginyan yuav ua siab ncaj rau tag nrho nws lub neej.

Books

Nws yog nws thawj phau ntawv lojpib nyob rau hauv 1915 thiab tiav nyob rau hauv 1918. "Own destiny" yog ib phau ntawv philosophical. Shaginyan yog ob qho tib si ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov neeg thuam kev sau ntawv; nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua tus kws sau ntawv tshiab thiab tus neeg tshawb nrhiav. Tab sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Shaginyan yog ib tug kws sau ntawv thiab publicist. Nws tau tso tseg ntau yam kev sau ntawv, xws li "Hydrocentral", "Chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm Moscow Council Tus Lwm Thawj", "Urals ntawm kev tiv thaiv", "Journey through Armenia", thiab lwm yam.

Nws kuj tau sau plaub zaj paj huam, qee qhov txawm suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Tau ntau xyoo, Marietta Sergeevna Shaginyan tau tsim cov duab ntawm cov neeg uas nws tau paub zoo - N. Tikhonov, Khodasevich, Rachmaninov, thiab kuj tau piav qhia txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas hlub nws - T. Shevchenko, I. Krylov, Goethe..

Ntxhais hmoob

Marieta Shaginyan tus txiv yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb thiab txhais lus los ntawm Armenian Yakov Samsonovich Khachatryan. Lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Mirelle. Tus ntxhais tsis xav ua raws li nws niam nws txiv taw. Nws xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev kos duab. Mirel Yakovlevna yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Union of Artists. Shaginyan tshuav ib tug tub xeeb ntxwv thiab xeeb ntxwv.

Marietta Sergeevna tuag hauv 1982 hauv Moscow. Nws muaj cuaj caum-plaub xyoo. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tsis tau tso nws ob chav tsev me me, nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm ib tug kiag li zoo tib yam Moscow tsev nyob. Ib tus kws sau ntawv nrov tau ua yam tsis muaj khoom kim heev thiab frills. Nyob rau hauv nws chav tsev muaj cov txheej txheem Soviet rooj tog, cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov khoom kim heev hauv nws lub tsev tsuas yog qhov qub, tawm ntawm kev txiav tximpiano.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Lub neej ntev uas Marietta Sergeevna Shaginyan nyob tau muaj cov xwm txheej keeb kwm me thiab loj, uas tus kws sau ntawv ib txwm hais nrog kev txaus siab thiab kev mob siab rau. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm loj yog nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus Leninist. Nws cov keeb kwm keeb kwm "Lub Tsev Neeg Ulyanov", "Thawj Tag Nrho-Lavxias teb sab" tsis yog ib txwm pom tsis meej. Marietta Shaginyan tau sau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm txog tus thawj coj ntawm proletariat thiab nws cov txheeb ze tau ntau xyoo.

Thawj tsab ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm "Lub Tsev Neeg Ulyanov" tau luam tawm xyoo 1935 thiab tam sim ntawd ua rau Stalin tsis txaus siab. Kev npau taws ntawm "txiv ntawm txhua haiv neeg" yog tshwm sim los ntawm Shaginyan cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog qhov tseeb tias muaj Kalmyk cov ntshav hauv Lenin cov leeg. Ntxiv mus, cov ntawv tshiab tau raug hu ua yuam kev thiab sib tham ob zaug ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Union of Writers ntawm USSR, qhov uas nws tau raug thuam rau kev qhia cov thawj coj tsev neeg li bourgeois.