Lub ntiaj teb ntuj tsim ntawm thaj av Leningrad tau tawm tsam nws qhov xwm txheej thiab ntau haiv neeg. Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nws cov sights thiab zoo nkauj, uas yog tiag tiag priceless. Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau cov chaw ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad.
SPNA system
Cov cheeb tsam zoo li no nyob 570 txhiab hectares thiab ua rau thaj tsam li 6% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 40 thaj chaw nyob rau hauv Leningrad cheeb tsam, uas tsuas yog 2 yog tseem ceeb ntawm tsoom fwv - cov no yog lub Nizhne-Svirsky Nature Reserve ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam thiab lub Mshinskoye Bog Reserve.
tsib thaj chaw tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov av ntub dej, uas muaj npe thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv cov chaw no muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Nws tau qhia txog kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov noog dej.
SPNA qeb
SPNAs nyob hauv thaj av Leningrad tau muab faib ua pawg loj:
- Natural reserves ntawm St. Petersburg thiabLeningrad cheeb tsam.
- Parks created by nature.
- Reserves.
- monuments of nature.
Txhua thaj chaw tiv thaiv - thaj tsam ntawm St. Petersburg thiab thaj tsam Leningrad - sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv qee tus yam ntxwv, xws li:
- Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim thaj chaw tiv thaiv.
- Square.
- Environmental rules.
- Kev muaj lossis tsis muaj neeg ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.
qeb siab tshaj ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv
Yog tias txhua qhov chaw ntuj tsim yog cov khoom tiv thaiv, ces tag nrho cov peev ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Leningrad cheeb tsam yuav nyob rau hauv qeb siab tshaj ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab, raws li, cov neeg ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg. Tsis pub muaj kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam no. Kuj tseem muaj kev txwv nruj rau kev tuaj koom. Raws li tau hais los saum no, Nizhne-Svirsky Nature Reserve kuj yog nyob rau hauv qeb no.
Nizhne-Svirsky Nature Reserve
Nws tau tsim nyob rau lub Rau Hli 1980. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau npaj tseg hauv thaj av Leningrad txhawm rau txhawm rau khaws cov tsiaj nplua nuj nrog cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub pas dej tshwj xeeb xws li Lake Ladoga, nrog rau:
- nws ntug hiav txwv;
- ntawm cov hav zoov ib puag ncig, uas muaj hom taiga nruab nrab;
- bogs;
- stations rau migratory noog;
- spawning av rau ntau hom ntses.
Nizhne-Svirsky yog thaj chaw ciam teb ntawm thaj av Leningrad, nws qhov chaw nyob yog cheeb tsam Lodeynopolsky. Squarethaj chaw tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv yog 41 txhiab hectares.
piav qhia luv luv ntawm kev cia
thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia yog cov av ntub dej, lawv tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb. Migrating waterfowl nyob thiab zes muaj. Qhov thib peb ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog thaj chaw swampy, lossis tsuas yog swamps. Kwv yees li 20 txhiab hectares yog npog nrog hav zoov. Thaj chaw dej ntawm Lake Ladoga suav nrog 5,000 hectares ntawm hav zoov av. Lub relief ntawm lub cia yog tiaj tus, muaj cov xuab zeb ntug hiav txwv ridges thiab swampy kev nyuaj siab. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av Leningrad yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov av podzolic, swamp-podzolic thiab swamp-peat av predominate. Qhov kev pab ntawm qhov cia, uas peb pom niaj hnub no, tau tsim los ntawm ob yam:
- melting Valdai glacier;
- txheej txheem ntawm lacustrine-alluvial accumululation.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw uas Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve nyob yog sab av loj nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Hiav Txwv B altic. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, cua daj cua dub qaum teb yeej nyob ntawm no, thiab nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, cua daj cua dub sab hnub poob yeej yeej. Sab hauv reservoir ntawm cheeb tsam tiv thaiv, uas yog lub cia ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam - Lake Segezha. Nws cheeb tsam yog 15 sq. km. Qhov tob tshaj plaws yog 5 meters, hauv qab yog xuab zeb. Cov dej hauv lub pas dej, txawm tias nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm mosses thiab swamps, yog qhov ntshiab thiab ci.
Tus dej ntev tshaj plaws ntawm Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve yog Segezha. Nws ntws tawm ntawm lub pas dej ntawm tib lub npe. Nws cov dej yog thawj zaug ntshiab, ces raws li txoj kev nws pub rau marshntws, thiab darkens rau lub qhov ncauj. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov reservoir pib hauv peat bogs, thiab yog li ntawd lawv muaj dej tsaus heev. Cov dej loj:
- Lake Ladoga;
- Lake Syarba;
- Lakhta Bay.
Flora ntawm Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj 1300 hom nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv cia, ntau yam uas muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis tshua muaj. Txij li thaum Nizhne-Svirsky nyob rau hauv nruab nrab taiga cheeb tsam, cov nroj tsuag, uas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov reserves ntawm St. Petersburg thiab lub Leningrad cheeb tsam, yog ib yam ntawm cov nruab nrab taiga ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Kwv yees li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov hav zoov ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog coniferous, nrog rau cov ntoo ntoo zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis cov ntoo me me kuj loj hlob hauv Nizhne-Svirsky, xws li:
- birch (fluffy thiab dai);
- aspen (tshwj xeeb poplar);
- alder (dub thiab grey).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hav zoov me me feem ntau muaj cov undergrowth nrog cov ntoo thiab cov ntoo hauv qab no:
- buckthorn;
- viburnum;
- rowanberry;
- raspberries;
- blackcurrant;
- cherry thiab lwm yam
Pine ntoo zoo nyob hauv cov av xuab zeb. Nyob rau ntau thaj av fertile, spruce dominates - European thiab Finnish. Cov nyom npog ntawm hav zoov yog qhov tsis zoo, lingonberries thiab heather dominate los ntawm shrubs.
Ntxiv rau cov nroj tsuag saum toj no, lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv, uas yog thaj tsam ntawm thaj av Leningrad. Cov npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag no:
- meadow;
- bracken;
- ledum;
- blueberries;
- blueberries;
- lily ntawm hav;
- fern;
- marsh myrtle thiab lwm tus
Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo thuv hav zoov hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog li 85 xyoo, spruce forests - txog 100 xyoo. Hauv qhov chaw nkag tsis tau rau kev txiav, koj tuaj yeem pom thaj chaw hav zoov uas muaj hnub nyoog siab dua - txog 200 xyoo.
Cov ntug dej hiav txwv, suav nrog thaj av qis ntawm Lake Ladoga, tau them nrog cov txaj txaj. Willow loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tsawg swampy. Nws tshwm sim:
- holly;
- peb-stamen;
- blackening;
- filikoleaf thiab lwm tus
Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, hav zoov thaj av ntawm cia muaj ntau yam nceb, cov no yog:
- nceb dawb;
- boletus;
- nceb;
- roj av, thiab lwm yam
Qee hom nceb muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab: dawb aspen, ntshav cobweb, bristly ib nrab-nyom, thiab lwm yam.
Pisces
34 hom ntses sib txawv nyob hauv tus dej thiab pas dej ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv. Yeej, qhov no yog suborder ntawm teleosts, ntawm lawv kuj muaj cov ntses predatory. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm Ladoga, thiab cov ntses nram qab no hauv Svir Bay:
- Pike.
- Bream.
- Pike perch.
- Cake.
- Perch.
- Rudd.
- Asp.
Ntawm cov ntses txawv txawv, sticklebacks tuaj yeem sau tseg: peb- thiab cuaj-spined.
Tsiaj ntiaj teb ntawm Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv thaj av Leningrad yog nplua nuj nyob hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsiaj ntiaj teb. Tag nrho ntawm 348 hom vertebrates tau sau tseg hauv Nizhne-Svirsky. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb yog ncaj qha ntsig txog toj roob hauv pes thiab cov nroj tsuag. Hauv qab no yog cov tsiaj ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam, nyob hauv hav zoov thiab tsis tsuas yog:
- Bub dais.
- Ntxawm yaaj.
- Moos.
- Hmab.
- Fox.
- Muag.
- Boar.
- Beaver.
- Lynx.
- Wolverine thiab lwm tus
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 44 hom tsiaj tsiaj tau sau tseg rau ntawm thaj chaw. Qhov loj tshaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv nas yog 17, predators - 13. Nws yog tseeb hais tias kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm predatory tsiaj ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm nas-zoo li nas, vim hais tias qhov no yog lawv cov zaub mov. Cov nas muaj xws li cov tsiaj muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov no yog:
- Nkauj Ntxawm.
- Muskrat.
- root vole.
- Nyob Nas thiab lwm tus
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej-tso tseg ntawm thaj av Leningrad muaj ntau dua 250 hom. Ntau tus ntawm lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv ib ntus, thaum ua zes lossis tsiv teb tsaws. Ntawm lawv muaj cov noog uas teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, cov no yog:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Oscopa.
- Ntxhais hmoob dub.
- Filin.
- Rabbite.
- Capercaillie.
- Crane thiab lwm yam
Natural reserves ntawm thaj av Leningrad muaj tsawg tus tsiaj reptiles. Feem ntau yog vipers thiab peb hom lizards.
Rau hnub noHnub nyob rau hauv Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve, ntau txoj kev mus ncig ua si tau tsim, ntev li ntawm 6 txog 40 km. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog dej, thiab tus so yog nyob rau hauv ko taw. Txoj hauv kev muab lub sijhawm los saib thiab txaus siab rau txhua yam kev zoo nkauj ntawm thaj av Leningrad, nrog rau kev txaus siab rau huab cua tshiab thiab huv si deb ntawm txoj kev loj thiab chaw ua haujlwm.
