Euglenic algae: hom, qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv dav dav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Euglenoid algae yog cov kab mob me me hauv nruab nrog cev nrog lub cev zoo ib yam li spindle lossis oval. Nyob rau hauv kev saib ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lawv sawv ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj ntiaj teb no, lawv tau muab lub npe ntawm lub frontiers. Lub thallus yog sawv cev tsuas yog los ntawm monadic, piv txwv li flagellated, palmelloid thiab amoebic cov ntaub ntawv muaj tsawg dua. Cov xim ntawm cov algae tsis muaj ntau haiv neeg, lawv yog ntsuab, tsis muaj xim thiab tsis tshua muaj xim liab.

Kev faib tawm

Euglenic algae muaj nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub cev tshiab ntawm cov dej nrog dej stagnation. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv xyaum tsis tuaj nyob hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Hauv cov dej ntws ntws, nrog rau hauv cov plankton ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov loj, muaj me me ntawm lawv.

Qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws yog qhov ntiav dej tsis tu ncua, tib lub sijhawm sov so thiab muaj cov organic teeb meem, nyob hauv thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe thiab hav zoov:

• paj;
• hav zoov hav zoov;
• dab.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab hauv qab no feem ntau - dej hloov ntsuab hauv lub pas dej lossis lub pas dej, lossis lawv kuj hais tias "booms". Yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim yog qhov loj heev ntawm algae. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nco ntawm dej, nyob rau hauv ib lub microscope, koj muaj peev xwm pom spindle-zoo li tus hlwb ntawm cov xim ntsuab. Los ntawm kev hloov cov duab thiab khoov, lawv txav nrawm heev hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv. Lawv hu ua euglena - qhov no yog lub hauv paus genus. Tag nrho lub tuam tsev muaj tib lub npe.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Lub tuam tsev Euglena algae muaj ntau dua 900 hom thiab 40 genera. Ntawm lawv muaj ob qho tib si saprophytes thiab cab. Thiab kuj yog ib chav kawm Euglenophycia, uas ua ke nrog ntau qhov kev txiav txim uas txawv hauv qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm flagellar apparatus. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog flagellated unicellular kab mob uas nyob hauv dej tshiab. Kev txav mus los yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv metabolic hauv cov duab ntawm lub cev thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm flagellum. Chloroplast muaj chlorophyll thiab lwm yam xim. Los ntawm ib qho yooj yim longitudinal, rau hauv ob qhov chaw, sib cais ntawm tes, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov, kev tsim tawm tshwm sim. Cov algae no muaj ntau hom zaub mov:

• siv cov organic substrates tuag yog saprotrophic;
• nqos cov organic teeb meem - holozoic;
• photosynthesis yog autotrophic;
• mixotrophic, i.e. mix.

Euglena, trachelomonas belongs rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm euglena algae.

Euglena

NrogCov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim Euglenae paub qhov txawv ntawm genus Euglena. Cov no yog cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas muaj ribbon-zoo li, spindle-puab, cylindrical, ovoid los yog kauv twisted duab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntug (anterior) yog smoothed, thiab lwm yam (rov qab) yog taw tes. Lub cell yog them nrog ib tug mos mos plhaub - lub pellicle. Ib tug txawv feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug sab nrauv flagellum, uas nws tsiv. Nws nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes hauv lub hnab tsho flagellar (pharynx) uas lub qhov muag liab (stigma) txuas.

Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm flagellum muaj contractile vacuoles, lawv ejects cov ntsiab lus mus rau hauv lub pharynx. Cov kab mob ntawm cov algae muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm xws li kev ua pa, kev zom zaub mov thiab excretion. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tag nrho cov euglens muaj chlorophyll, lawv muaj ntau hom khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw. Reproduction yog asexual los ntawm binary longitudinal fission. Algae muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau hauv cyst nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Qee hom hloov lawv lub cev. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lawv provoke lub "bloom" dej, muab nws ib tug liab tint. Cov xim no cuam tshuam nrog qhov muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim carotene hauv cov hlwb.

Fakus

Nov yog ib tug genus ntawm unicellular algae, uas muaj txog ib puas thiab plaub caug hom paub. Cov hlwb muaj lub cev flattened, xaus ntawm lub posterior kawg nrog ib tug nkhaus nqaim los yog ncaj txheej txheem. Lub plhaub tsis muaj xim yog ntom, nws muaj kab ntawm spines thiab granules. Pigment carriers (chromatophores) yog me me, ntau, parietal, discoid, tsis muaj cell organelles. hauv qabib feem ntawm lub cell yog lub nucleus.

Algae muaj nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov pas dej, cov dej ntws, thiab cov dej me me uas tsis muaj zog uas muaj kuab lom nrog cov organic.

Trachelomonas

Cov genus no suav nrog txog ob puas hom kab mob uas ua luam dej dawb thiab muaj tus chij thiab lub tsev ruaj khov. Cov qauv ntawm lub tom kawg yog suav hais tias yog ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm hom. Ib lub tsev sib txawv feem ntau yog xim av. Nws cov phab ntsa yog granules, spikes, papillae. Sab nraub qaum yog sib npaug los yog tapered.

Ob lossis ntau dua pigments tam sim no. Muaj hom tsis muaj chlorophyll, piv txwv li tsis muaj xim. Lub cell faib thaum yug me nyuam hauv tsev. Ib tug neeg tawm mus sab nraum lub qhov uas twb muaj lawm thiab tsim nws lub tsev.

qauv ntawm eugleno algae

Cov no yog unicellular, nquag txav cov kab mob nrog ib lossis ob lub flagella. Lub cev lub cev yog oval, elongated los yog spindle-puab. Sab nraud, lub cell yog npog los ntawm lub pellicle, uas muaj ib tug cytoplasmic membrane. Yog hais tias nws yog mos thiab elastic, ces cov hom algae no muaj peev xwm hloov cov duab ntawm lub cev. Lwm tus muaj lub plhaub tawv, impregnated nrog hlau ntsev.

Cov xim ntsuab ntawm eugleno algae yog muab los ntawm chlorophyll, uas tseem muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Ntxiv nrog rau cov xim no, algae muaj xanthophylls thiab carotene nyob hauv chloroplasts. Lub ntsiab reserves yog lub reserve polysaccharide paramylum, uas ua rau lub zog muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau pem hauv ntej kawgkev nyuaj siab yog pom, nws yog suav hais tias yog qhov kawg tso zis rau lub cev ntawm contractile vacuoles. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm metabolic dab, kua nrog yaj tshuaj accumulates.

Ntse

Kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm euglena algae:

• Lub cev zoo li - oval, fusiform, koob-puab. Lub anterior kawg yog sib npaug, tom qab kawg yog elongated thiab taw tes.
• Flagellar apparatus - los ntawm ib mus rau xya pom flagella. Tseem muaj ob peb daim ntawv uas nws tsis tuaj. Feem ntau pom muaj ob tus chij ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv.
• Light-sensitive apparatus - paraflagellar lub cev (flagellar thickening) thiab peephole.
• Ib tug tseem ceeb.
• Contractile vacuole - nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cell.

• Mitochondria - tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke thiab tsim lub network. Euglena algae nyob rau hauv cov mob anaerobic tsis muaj lawv.
• Cov phab ntsa ntawm tes yog pellicle uas yog 80 feem pua ntawm cov protein. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov carbohydrates thiab lipids.
• Chloroplast - ntau hom muaj lawv tus kheej zoo li: discoid, stellate, lamellar, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau ntau chloroplasts hauv cell.
• Reserve khoom - paramylon.
• Biosynthesis ntawm lysine - nqa tawm raws li nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab fungi.
• Lub neej voj voog - rov tsim dua los ntawm kev faib cell ua ob ntu.

Lub ntsiab lus thiab ecology

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm euglena algae yog txuam nrog physiological zog. Los ntawm kev noj cov organic teeb meem, lawvnquag koom nrog hauv kev ntxuav tus kheej ntawm cov dej hauv lub cev uas muaj kuab lom nrog cov khoom muaj sia. Ntawm cov algae no, muaj ntau hom tsiaj uas yog cov cim qhia tau zoo ntawm cov pa phem ntawm lub reservoir. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim rau ntawm lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis ruaj khov ntawm ntau xim xim - liab-cib, ntsuab, xim av, daj-ntsuab.

Vim qhov tseeb tias algae muaj ntau txoj kev pub mis, lawv tau nquag siv los ua qauv hauv tshuaj, cytology, biochemistry, thiab physiology. Ntawm lawv muaj cov kab mob uas nyob hauv cov hnyuv ntawm amphibians, nematodes, ntawm cov ntses ntawm gills, oligochaetes.